Chapter 10

Volume #1 Solid Slabs

crete Structures,

For shrinkage
Main sleel

Secondary steel
(a) Section A-A

For shg

Main steel

(b) Structurali plan

Figure 10.27 Upper steel for shrinkage (if ts >160mm).

Figure 10.28 Upper steel reinforcement.

9 Ahmed 03
 Solid Stab

ructures,Vvolumez
Reinforced Concrete t w o - w a y

10.7 SOLVED EXAMPLES

Structures, Volume #1 ratio,
T,
to
d e f i n c
one
or

rectangularity

/ ctangu

Example 106 e

The tool
shon below
coveing makerals of in Fig 1029, carnies a 1 0 2 5 > 2 0 - O n e - w a y

beams (82. Bs, and 54)1. SMNm The stab live load f
wOmm The have the sane thickness is
scconilary beam width b 140mm Al
mm Assume the widih b 250mm and
Bl have
the slabs ad on fesOMPa and
0
a
stnactural f,= 400MPa 120mm t
nd t
plan show "teqind 4 10 20+Two-way
reintorcement reqined to
the
2 1.0
detailing wv
0 12m
2.0m

2: Calculate the slab thickness,y

tp
25 (mentioncd
in
the a p a
140mn
s
m
D e s

SecA A Step 3: Calculate

the loads.

Figure 10.29 14 9,+ 10 1.5

5.0kN/m

Structural plan Yt,+Flooring-25 x0.14+

(Example 10.5).
P 3 . 0 k N / n

Solution
1.0m-11.80MN/

A
 Solia

Reinforced Concrete Volume

#1

For two-way slab: Structures, Volume #1 ructu rete

Structures,

wy=11.80kN/m
WaW*t and 82
a- WgWou Xp
0.5r-0.15 0.5 = 4 . O m

B- 0.35
x2-0.15 =
0.85 Strp2 - 2

22 =0.08
or can
be select the values
of a
and B from
Table Table 10.2
for 10.2
two-way solid slabs and p
Values of a
188kN-m

the cast
Egyptian Code, if livemonolithic with
B.M.D

r load less beams

equalaccordina
1.0 1.1 than or B.M)
1.2
a
0.35 0.40 1.5 1.6
1.3 14 SkNm critical
section
(Maximum

0.45 0.50 1.7 18 Design of

Sep5:
M=23.6kN-m

0.35 0.29 0.25 0.55 0.60 191 2 = 23.6kN-m

0.21 0.18 0.65 0.70 Mumar
0.16 0.14 0.75
0.12 0.11 080 1o
WWuXa=11.80
WaWsuXf=11.80 xx0.85=
0.08 10.03kN/m
0.09 io
Mu

0.94kN /m 4fxb b10m

d
Step
100Omm

4: The d=t,-cover (30m Strip 1

strips and
bending moments
d = 1 4 0 - 3 0 m m = 1 T 0 m m

62
w=11.80 kN/m 110=
23.6X 1
30 100x
W,10.03 kN/
Om 82 83 L 3.92
Strip 1-1 2.Om getj 0.8
om chart or Table,
slrp 3-3

ww
23.6ik-m
BMD 5okN
BMD

9 Ahedb
D ZD 206
 Oncrete te
Structures, Volume #1 crete
volume

S t r u c t u r e s ,
#1

and
3 . 0 k N / m

A dx c a r r i e s
a
live
load of
the
s a m e
width
b=

10.30, have

23.6x 10
gnt
107 400MPa
b e a m s

Fig.
and f,
m a i n
in

0.801x 110 400 x

below
shouna

of
1.5kN/m.
All
the

A s s u m e
leu30MPa

plan
show
the

69.62mm
s t r u c t u r a l

rals 8 0 0 m m .

a
on

Check on Asmin
t=

A,=94 10/m
and
depth
dtotal
S l a b s

the
design
1:50.
to scale
guired to
detailing

ircement 2.0m
Asmin-the largest o 0.15
xbx d
(0.6
0
10.0mm

00 1000 x110i 0.29m

A xbxd)a xx 1000x
The
AsminOkay use As 1000x110)
11015n
strips 2-2 and3-3
Because the slab need to
SI is minimum reinforcement 5
cqual to one-way
in 10/m
steel
Zero. However,
should be
a y-direction, the moment in the
secondary reinforcement of at least x-dedin
provided. Use 5 Þ10/m. 20k of the man

Step 6: Details of
reinforcement
0.25m
10.Om 2 Om
0.5m

Sec. A*
10.7).
( E x a m p l e

plan
Structural

10.30
Figure

5b10/m Solution
r e c t a u a r i t y ratio,
r to
detine
one
o
epawa

the
Calculate

5p10/m Step
1:

stabs

Details of reinforcement on the

structural plan 209

O F9 (Almedl lbalhad
 Reintorced Concrete S
For St: Structures, Volume B1 Chapter 10

Solid Sabs
Structures, Volume
#1
r
1
S
0
m2 4 1 2.5>2.0One-way oncrete
1.0
R e i n f o r c e d

Calculate
the loloads
For $2 Step
3:

4x #.+16 XP
Cantilever stab -

One-wayy x0.16+ 1.5 = 55kN/m

For S Xt,
+
Flooring =25
g,Y

0.25m O.om
20m
P3.0kN/m

S1 t W a 1 4 * 9 , +
1L6 x p ,
= 1.4x 5.5+ 1.6
x
3.0 = 12.50kN/m
stnp equals to
$2 strip of
1.0m, the load acting on this

1.0m = 1250kN/m
a
Taking x
x 1.0m= 12.50kN/m
wWu

For S
Kt, + Flooring25
x 0.20+
1.5
= 6.5kN/m
9Ye

P 5.0kN/m*

16 x 3.0= 13.9kN/m
Wa1.4 X9. + 1.6 xp, =1.4 x 6.5+
LOrm, the load acting
on this stnp cquals o
Step 2: Calculate the slab Taking a strip of
thickness, t, WuzWuz
* 1.0m 13.9kN/m
x1.om13.9kN/m

For SI (one-way slab)

4: The stnps and bending momen
Step
s4.0m simply supportedspan
Wo 1250
2 5 at =420MPa
For / = 400MPa:

,2504+700-4000 0.4+ 155.43mm=160mm

E= = 133.3mm BOmm
Check for ts,min30 BMD

For $2 (cantile ver slab):

4001194.3mm 200m

10x0.4+ 700
St, K 0 4 2
 d Concre
ncrete Structures, Volu nay
Solid Sia
Step 5: Design of critical olume 1 lume #1
Volum
section
Structures

Strip 1-1: (Maximum B.M) d

Concrete

M
M, = 25kN-m A,dx
27.8 x 1 0 495mm

d-G d, 0.826 x 170 x400

A,=7 10/m
d-t- cover (30mm)
d= 160-30mm150mm
,b10m
Strip 1 Om
Check on 4 m

170
25x110 1000mm xbxd 001000 x 25j255mm
130=30 1000 Athe large015hxd
T00
x 1000x 170)
Smm

C4.50 Okay use , the

K-direction

From chart or Table, A,A ny-direction,

the moment in

2 0 of the
get=0819
main

Because the slab SI

is one-way reinforcemecnt ot at least
However, a secondary reinforcement

to details of
ogual zet
M The general

A,xdxf, 10/m.
Use 5 99 same level
of
deel chould be provided slab in the
cantilever
as shown
below, if the
slab
for cantilever

adjacent slata

A0819251
x 130 x 400 S87mm
1.5L
Check on Amin A,810/m

A the
largest o bxd001000
o15 13
T00bxd01000
bxa
o 130 1.5L
Am
Olay use A
Strip 2-2
10m
M,-27
d= 8kN-m(30mm
ta-cover

d=200-30mm 170m
Mu
170 G 3278x10
0 x 1000
Sp 1 0m 1 3 o

G5.58>485Table, gotj= 0.826

Fro chart or

DPPO F80AA 212 213

 Reinforced Concrete Chapter 10
Solid SlaDs
In this Structures, Volume #1 #1
example,
means that the
the
cantilever slab S2 is
Structures,
Volume

vlChage
i e
Concrete
ced
negative moment at alevel
reinforcement of cantilever
extends only not higher is elevation
A-A of a

extend 1.50continue
does not secton
and a
E r a m p l e1 0 . 8

a B tenals of
development o
B-

solution is to length, cantilev S1 structural plan and covering

materials

make 10.32 shows a

S . 0 k N m

Fig. 10.31b. cantilever La. as

shown n Toad of
and total depth t =

Vengh
w b
nve
a 300mm

reintorcement in Fie
e
carrieSs
gure
plan width b =
The same
the
with beam 1031a Ae lding.
All
beams
BI have the
240MPa.
It is required to design
stin ANim'. 1y scale 1:50.
Yopyandstedn Assume Jeu25Pa and reintorcement
detailing to
show the
0mm.
structural plian A-A.
labs
and on a detiected
s pe at
section

the
sketch
Also,

3.Dm

wd boton

y
ad Secon
T m
a) Type A and botam

(b) Type B Sec. plian B-5

Figure 10.31 Details of
cantilever reinforcement in case the
in two levels slabs
Step 6:
Details of reinforcement.
0.0m
2 Om

Olm

am 6Om om

Sec. Elev. A-A

Details ot reiniorce Figure 10.32 Example 10.8.
t on the
stnuctural plan
a 215

F OAd
 0 Concrete Structu Solid Slabs
, Volume1
Solution Structures,
Volume #1
Step 1: Chaglon Cedo
Concrete

slabs. Calculate the 4x6 1.0

For S
rectangularnty ratio, T, to
Br 4x6
defineon 6000(0.85 + 1600
240
r
ls m2
0.76 L,085+1600 +10 x 1.0
6 0.76 1.0 <
2.0T wo-way , 25 + 10 15t 6000/6000
For $2: 15+L/Ls

Cantilever slab One-way 150mm

133.33mm 80mm
45
Check lor Emin
3.Om
6.Om slab):

3.Om
(cantilever
For $2

222.86mm= 250mm
10|0.4t 700=
10(04t 700

Calculate the loads

3:
Wsu Step
W1.4X 9,+ 1.6 X pP

For Sl
8Ye
Xt,+Flooring
= 25 x 0.15 + 1.5 =5.25kN/m*

P3.0kN/m
xP1.4 x 5.25
+
1.6 X3.0= 12.15kN/m
Wu11.4X9. +1.6
to
load acting on this strip equals
of 1.0m, the
1aking a strip
1.0m125kN/mX 1.0m= 12.15kN/m
Ws1Wa1 *
Step 2: Calculate the slab thickness, WuX a and Wa Weu X
t. Wa
For Si
(Two-way slab): a=0.5r-0.15
=

0.5 X1-0.15
=
0.35

l 6.0m continuous Irom

two ends - 0.35
of and f from Table 10.2
be select the valucs a

L0.85+T60) or can

t, 25
15+/L+ 106,
217

216
 ares, Volume #1 Structures,
Volume

for Table 10.2 Values B.M).

two-way
C o n c r e r e

(Maximum

slabs solid lues of eforced s e c t i o n

the Egyptian Code,

monolithic and
cast So
if ofcritical b=1.0m
live load
10
Design
with b
1.1 1.2
less tnan thanms =
22-2
S t r i p

1.3 14 or acco
equal Cording
-

o35 0.40 045 1.5

16 SKNIm?
sanp

B0.35 0.29 0.50

0.25 021 0.55 0.60 1.7 M,=70.-43kN-m

0.18 0.16 0.65 0.70 035

19
M,=70.43KN-m

WaWsut X
a=
0.14 0.12 01
12.15 x 035=
Strip 1.Om= 1000mm

WgWsu1 X 12.15 x
0.35 =
4.25kN/m
For $2: 4.25kN/m ast Omm
d= 150-30mm=
c o v e r ( 3 0 m m )

20mm
9,Ye Xt,+ Flooring =25 70.43 x 10
x 0.25+
P3.0kN/m? 1.5=7.75kN/m2 120 25 x 1000

we can
increase the slab
thickness

Ww21.4x g,+1.6 xp G2.26

under the table,
unsafe, so

Taking strip of 1.0m, =14x 7.75 +1.6 x3.0 Try, use y=

180mm

W2Wua* 1.0m
a

the load
acting on this strip 15.65kN/m dt-Cover(30m
d-18030mm 1s0mm
=

equals to
15.65kN/m 1.0m= 15.65kN/m x
Step 4: The strips 70.43 x 10 C= 2.85
and 150 25x 1000
bending moments.
w Table, get j=0.721
1565 k/m From chart or

u
A, xdx,
3.Om 6.0m 70.430 2713mm
3.Om 0.721x 150 x 240
Strip 1-1 Strip 2-2
1913kN
Nm A,=14
must
meter
16/m
be not more than l0 bars. Also, macmum
The number ol rebars per
160mm for solid slabs
rebar diameter is f,/10 and not increased than

B.MD 250mm
tyuse Eass2
d =t,-cover(30mm)

d= 250 30tmm 220mm

3.0m Om
3.om 70.43 C4.14
414
220=
2 5 x 1000
oss-section in the slabs

OPPO- chSailn D
 From chart curesVolume B1 edo n OUGture

or
Table. get
0.807 tails of retnforcement
Chaglee 3 0m
Ma
A,xdx,
70.43 x 10
A0.807x 220 x 240 1653mm
Section (2)
For Negative Moment
A,-9p16/m
16/m
It is not do10m
section (1) will
necessary to
design the section (2)
extend to section (2) because the stecl
reinforcen
cement
For Positive Moment
The ECP-203
less than, requires that a
minimum positive
wL'/16, in
this exampie. any case without bending moment should be pan
nat
structural

positive bending moment sach as of

r e i n f o r c e m e n t
on the

Detals

Sketch the deflected shape at section

A-
A

W
Minimum
positive moment according to ECP-203 Deflected shape

e k e v a t i o n A - A a

Example 10.9 sectoe

o

B-B and a
m a t r a

coverng

structural plan
and f
3 . 5 k N m
Jotal d e p h
a of and
shows live laad
J s e
w
carries
a wdth b
plan same
w the
he have the
Final BI )Auae ahow
equal stab thickness SkN/m
A l
All
l
b
B
eams
beams
2 000 and
an
a sirucual plan shape
deflectod
deflected

0Omm and the

beat to
i
design the
the slabs
slabs

Alin
sketch
h
e e

roguined 150
ltis
soale
d e t a i l i n gto
P a

e n f o r c e m e n t

ection A - A

OPPO F9-OAhmed bahaa

 Orced &oncrete Structurn e S t

ructures, Volume # d e t i n e
one
or
two-way

to
T,

Chags
ratio,

Solid ngularity
l C c cnefectang

3.06 2.0 One-way

6.om

3.0
3.0m

S1
1.Om

Sec. plan B-B

400mm t,=?
B2 a

1.0m

the slab
thickness, Eg
Slep 2: Calculate
For Sl (one-way
slab)
arted span

3.Om simply supp

3.0m 3Om , a t DMPa

120mm

Sec. Elev. A-A For y=35OMPa: 0.4t700108mm a

0025

OPPO F9 OAhmedba33 Example 2.9.

2 5 0 4 +

223
222
 Chapter 0

Reinforced Concrete Volume#1

SolidSlabs
L,
=3.0m Structures, Volume # r e do n OSTrUctures

te
Structures,

t, continuous from onc B.M)

afy=420MPa
( M a x i m u m

end s e c t i o n

For fy= 35OMPa of

critical

esign

t,-0.40 04 6
t, for all
14.96RN-m
M,-1496kNm

slabs the
=

largest from
96mm 100mm
120mm 120 and
100mm b1.0m
Srip 1.0m 1000mm
1-cover(30mm)
Step 3:
Calculate the loads. ( 1 2 0 -3 0 m m = 9 O m

W14x 9, +1.6x p 14.96 X 10h

2 5 x 1000
For Sl:
9Ye Xt,+
Flooring= 25 3.68 0.791

P3.5kN/m2 x0.12+2.5 5.50kN/m From chart or

Tabie, get j =

A,jxdx
Wu1.4 9.+
Taking a
strnp of
1.6xP,=14x5.
1.Om,
50+16x3.5 13.30kN/m
the load
acting
14.96X10=600.4mm
A, 0.791 x 90 x 350
W on this strip
13.30kN/m' 1.0mequals to
Wu X
1.0m=
x
A,=8910/m
=13.30kN/m
Step 4: The strips and Strip 2-2
bending moments. For negative momen

Mu14.96kN-m,
area
of steel
as previou

W 1330 kN/m
W-1330 kN/m A, =89 10/m

o r positive moment

3.0m 3.Ofm Mu 1.97kN-m M.1197AN-m

Om
d C

d=t,-cover (30mmm om
O m m

149% d= 12030m
1t9 15 11.97x 10
B.M.D
B.M.D 90G 25 x1000

PPO F9 OAhmed bahaa 4 1 1

25

224
 From chart uctur
ctures, Volume # Volume

or
Table. getj
D r u c t u r e s ,

=
0.807 rced
Concree

seCtton
A-A
(in ection)
x-directic

alt
shape

M
A,xdxfy
deflected
the
y-direction?

in
shape
11.97 x 10 what is the
detlected
yourself,
0.807 x 90 on

x 350 0.9mm
m n g

elevation A -
A of a
Euample 1 0 . 1 0 section
a

Step 6: Details of A,-6p10/m' shows a

structural plan
live load
of
B-B
and

2.0kN/m
and covering
ls of
matcrialse

300mmx
reinforcement, e

Hine
10.34
The plan
camies

feu23MPa
a

andy=
30MPa.
All beams
structural plan
show the

and ona
Assume
slabs at
SEN/im the shape
6.Om
detlected
to design Sketch the
required AISo,
It is 10.

3.0m
scale
00mm. to
detailing

3.0m reinforcement

secthonA A .

b1O/
Pm
910im

A 21O/m8p10/m S e c plan B - B

BP10m

20mm

Sec. Elev A-A

10.34 Example 2.10.

igure

OPPO F9-OAeg balha 22

226
 Solution Volume #1 C eteSStr

350
Step 1: 3500(0.85 t1600
slabs. Calculate the Chagkex 1 L(0.85 + T600

For St rectangularity ratio, r,toto

2 5 + 10 p
10PP
13400073500+10
1 T 4000/3
25 x 0.0

L 1.0 define one oror

define 15+Lt

two-way 120mm

1.143 <2.0-Two-way =
101.4mm
a

For S2
6+4 0.5
f r S2(Two-way s l a b ) :

6 0.87
Lg m 4 Pp2x(6+4)
0.87 1.5 <2
20Two-way 4000(0.85 t1600
350
1.20m 6. Om L,0.85+T600 5
t, 10fp 15+6000/4000+ 10 x0.5
15+ /L+
= 116.5mm 120mm

CB1 000000 For cantilever slab

12004+ 108mm 120mm

4 t 700 10 7001

120imm
slabs equal to
t, for all
Step 2:
Calculate the slab thickness,
t, Step 3: Calculate the loads.
For Si
(Two-way slab) 1.6
W=14x 9,+ Xps 1.5=4.5RN/m*

Ls3.5m and L, 4.0m simpie spans Y Xt, + Flooring= 25 x 0.12+

P2.0kN/m

t , -L(085 T60)
2.0-9.5kN/m
4.5+ 1.6 x
1 4 x9, + L.6 xp,=14 x to

15+ L+ 106 1aking a

strip of 1.Om,
the load acting
XL.Om
on this

=
strnp cquals
9.5kN/m
9.SkN/m:
1.0m=
WyX

0.0
Br2x (3.5+4) 0.0

OPPO F9 OAhmed.bahaa 229

 Reinforced Concrete V o l u m e
#1

For S1 Structures, Volume 81 C o n c r e t e

urcs,

Wa5.7kN/m
WaWXxa and
W9.5kN/m

wgWu X
a=0.5r-0.15=0.5 x1.143-0.15=0422 4.Om

0.35
Strip3-3
1 . 2 0 m

T1.1433 0.268 WX
6.84

WW Xa=9.5 x
WaWu xp=95 x0.422=
0.268 = 4.01kN/m
For S2:
2.S5kN /m x 7.98

wx-os
8
W Wu Xa and
B.M.D

Wp=WuXB
a=0.5r-0.15-0.5x 1.5-0.15=0.6 9.5 kN/m
B-5 0.35 w2.55kN/m
r1.5016 20m

WaWu Xa=9.5x0.6-5.7kN /m Strip4

4 Um b
WgWou
Xp=95x 0.16 =1.52kN/m Strp 5-

For cantilever slab

WuWuX1.0m(one-way)
= 9.5kN/m°x B.M.D
Step 4: The strips and
1.0m=9.5kN/m =5.1

bending moments. B.M.D

W9.5 kN /m B.M).
(Maximum
W1.52kN /m Siep 3: Design of
critical section

1.20m 6.Om
Stnp -3
4.01kN/m P u m a x 7 9 8 K N - m

Strip 2-2
trno 1-1

d=C fxb b1.0m

1Om- 100omm

cotert3u

7.98 x 10
B.M.D 90-C25x 1000
B.M.D
PPO F9 OAhmed bahaa 2 s 231
 Solid
Sla0s

Reinforced Concrete #1
Structures, Volume #1
Voume

C=5.04
From crete
S t r u t u r e s ,

chart or etee
P R O B L E M S

A A
Table. get
elevation

section

j= 0.826 B-B
and a
m a t e r i a l s

structural
plan and
covering
300mmx
aa
ot 2.0kN/m

A,xdx,
hows
shows
load beams
1035
a
live
3 O M P a .
All
carries

show the
in.Theplan and ly plan
Figore

, fu25MPa on a
structural

at
torkdn

Assume siads
and
shape
7.98 x 10
d e f l e c t e d

the

A, 0.826 x 90x
aNin
required
to design
120,
ASo,
Sketch
the

350 506.7mm
sCale
tis to
detailing

orcement
A, =5h 10/m A

stonA

Step 6: Details of
reinforcement.
120m 6.Om
3.50m

AsC1
5910 B2

Details of
reinforcement on the structural
plan
iec Elew. A-A

Figure 10.35 Problem 1.

33
PPO PSDOLA 232
 oncrete Structures, Volume Solid Slabs

2. #1
Figure 10.36 Volume

section shows the S i r u c t u r e s ,

the
c r o s s -

load of elevation (sec. elev.

and

structural plan Concrete

( s e p l a n
B- B)
live

and B3) 3.OkN/m and

rced plan
on
a

A-A) (sec. stnuctural

plan designed
have a
covering a ot plaan B the 1he
(B1)
bui lding. 10.37 shows
beams
the same
a b u r l d i n g .

ol Allahe

thickness material of The plan A -A)

150mm. Allwidth b 250mm

, F i u r e1 0
(CI)
2 . 0 k N m ' .

is elew. of c o l u m n s

feu25MPa and columns and2.0totalkN/m.Al b vation

(sec. maternal

700mm.
All
covcning
a
t =

It is
and depth 400MPa

structural 1y (CI) are den t

epth a 3OLN/m 250mm
and
tolal
and =
330MPa. b = J e u 5 0 M P a

plan
r e i n f o r c e m e n t

width
the show the W is square 250 same
Assume

show the
deflected shape at required
reintorcement detailing design
to e guare 250 x
250mm.

and
on a
structural plan
at
section
A-A.

section A-A. to
the s design
the
slabs

Sxctcn
the
detiected
shape

scale i e d to A s o ,

1:50, A d to
scale
150.

25m
Alsa, dno detailing
25m

25
Figure 10.37 Problem
3
Figure 10.36 Problem 2
235

PPO F9OAhmed bahaa