THE PREFERENCE OF UC GRADE 12 ICT ANIMATION STUDENTS

BETWEEN WESTERN AND JAPANESE ANIMATION

DRAWING STYLE

A Practical Research Paper

Presented to the Senior High School Department
University of the Cordilleras

In Partial Fulfillment of
The requirements for the SHS XII
ICT ANI STRAND

Rodel C. Bilayan
Leonardo G. Binwag Jr.
Edwin Carl C. Biteng
Jovanie Christopher D. Caram
Joshua T. Carrera
Tanisha J. Caliag
Dexter Jay S. Biadang
Arvie Ace A. Ediong

March 06, 2019

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ABSTRACT

People nowadays have their own preference on what drawing style to appreciate and

apply to their artworks. Each individual has their own main interest of drawing style from

the influences they get from the different animated shows and games that entertains them.

The aim of this study is to determine what Grade 12 ICT Animation students prefer more

between Japanese and Western animation drawing style and to identify the reasons that

made the students prefer or appreciate this certain drawing style. The respondents of the

study are 156 Grade 12 ICT Animation students and data was gathered through survey

questionnaires and interview. The Data shows that Grade 12 ICT Animation students

prefer Japanese Animation drawing style more than Western Animation drawing style in

which 53% of the total population of students prefers Japanese Animation drawing style,

while 47% of the students prefer Western Animation drawing style. The students prefer

this certain drawing style because it is simple, comfortable to use, attractive or appealing,

influenced by watching movies, reading books and other visual media, they are interested

in it, they like it, and because for them it is realistic.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We the researchers, with endless love and appreciation, would like to give our

heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to the people who inspired and helped us bring this

study into reality. We the researchers would like to give our deep gratitude and

appreciation to the following people:

To our Grade 12 Class Adviser, Ms. Gemma P. Papat, our class adviser who gave us

attention, guidance, time, and advice that helped us bring this study to success.

To our Animation teacher, Ms. Lovely Jenn A. Reformado whose expertise, guidance,

and advice helped us create, pursue, and finish this study.

To our research adviser, Ms. Reycelyn B. Corsino, who lend us her time and guidance

to finish this study.

To the Senior High School Academic Director of the University of the Cordilleras,

Mr. Ronaldo L. Pontanosa, who allowed us to conduct this study in the University.

To the panelists Ms. Reycelyn B. Corsino, Ms. Rosselle G. Aniceto, and Mr. Lyndon

E. Santos who openly helped in the progress of this study by giving us corrections,

advices, and suggestions that improved this study.

To our Grade 12 ICT Animation respondents in the University of the Cordilleras who

willingly participated in the study.

And most importantly, we the researchers want to offer this work to our Almighty

God for the wisdom, strength, and good health he gave upon us to finish this research

study.
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CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

Background of the Study

The history of drawing is as old as the history of humankind, people drew pictures

even before they learned how to write, like other art forms, drawing has changed and

developed through history, each new style grew out of the style that came before it, as

drawing styles changed, so did drawing materials (Mules, n.d). Art is part of everyday

life, but its importance differs widely from person to person: some can’t get enough of

galleries, watch art programs on TV, and devour artists’ biographies, whereas others are

simply not bothered at all (Chamorro-Premuzic, Furnhan, & Reimers, 2007).

Style in drawing or drawing style is a collection of attributes that make drawings

unique; each period in the history of art is characterized by the style of some

groundbreaking artists (Hoddinott and Combs, 2018). Drawing style is basically the

manner in which the artist portrays his or her subject matter and how the artist expresses

his or her vision. Style is determined by the characteristics that describe the artwork, such

as the way the artist employs form, color, and composition, to name just a few (McArdle,

2008). Artistic style is a specific characteristic or group of characteristics that is

consistently present in the artworks of an artist. It’s that extra little thing, referred to as

“identifiable style,” that an artist does to distinguish his/her work from the work of other

artists (Bernard 2015).

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Animation derive from the latin verb, animare, which means 'to give life to', and

within the context of the animated film, this largely means the artificial creation of the

illusion of movement in inanimate lines and forms, in working definition, therefore, of

animation in practice, is that it is a film made by hand, frame-by-frame, providing an

illusion of movement which has not been directly recorded in the conventional

photographic sense (Wells, 1998). In terms of animation, Western and Japanese cultures,

among others, have already been directly and indirectly swapping ideas for a hundred

years and more, the Internet has connected everyone with a computer to everyone else,

and allowed not only once-local media to reach the eyes of fans on the other side of the

planet, but has even created entirely new customer bases and audiences (Cresswell,

2015).

According to Adachi (2012), Japanese animation, which is often abbreviated as

Japanimation, or more simply anime, is a type of audiovisual media. With the spread of

Japanese animation abroad and its distinctive animation style, a term to signify this

distinction was needed to refer to this specific genre of animation, and the term given is

anime (Slaven, 2012). A few examples of blockbuster anime movies include Studio

Ghibli’s highly acclaimed Spirited Away (2001) or the recent popular hit Your Name

(2016) (Amsfredo, 2015). Amsfredo (2015) claimed that drawing styles vary depending

on artists, but anime characters are usually recognizable by their large eyes, often colorful

hair, and small nose and mouth. He further stated that Japanese animation industry has

certainly influenced modern cartoons in different countries as well as attracting many

fans to Japan; it caused people from all over the world to decide to learn Japanese,
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leading to the creation of the JLPT (Japanese-Language Proficiency Test) and it could be

said that this industry, then, was great for promoting tourism to Japan as well as

influencing a lot of pop culture we see today.

Western animation or cartoons can be traced back to 1908; Fantasmagorie (Émile

Cohl) is widely considered to be the first animated cartoon made with a hand-drawn

technique – despite its humble beginnings the short film itself contains a hint of all the

exciting facets of an animated narrative: adventure, stylized characters, visual puns and

even fourth-wall breaks (Creswell, 2015). Beauty and The Beast (1991), Adventure Time

(2010), and Gravity Falls (2012-2016) are some examples of Western animated shows

(Dumont, 2017). Wells (1998) studied the disposition of Western animations especially

Disney animation particularly the styles, approaches and themes which existed in

American cartoons. He observed how logic was used i.e. the bending of time and space,

air levitation, defiance of gravity etc. Physically, American cartoons portrayed action

which was impossible to achieve in neither live-action nor the real world.

According to Thaneeya (2008), artists including animators can work in many

different styles, back then artists were usually expected to create art in whatever

predominant fashion was popular at the time. Now, artists have much more freedom

to work as they choose. Thaneeya (2008) further stated that it is perfectly okay to

work in a variety of styles, it is generally best to focus on the one a person likes best,

in order to fully develop their artistic potential within that style. Cresswell (2015)

believes that the world culture of shared ideas we are currently growing into, with
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the aid of the Internet as a platform for communication and education, reveals that

animation and art itself are tools for conveying messages to one another; humans

have done this since the dawn of time simply for the purpose of understanding one

another, and naturally excel at it because simple motifs are universally understood.

Conceptual Theoretical Framework

Aesthetic Response or Functional Theories of Art 

Aesthetic response theory is characterized by an individual’s positive or negative

evaluation of a work of art. It essentially measures, how it makes them feel. It combines

thought and emotion and is largely shaped by how we interpret the structure of a

particular work (Bustell, 2017).

Mimetic Theory of Art

Mimetic theory comes from the Greek word "mimesis," which means imitation and

representation. This theory states that an individual can be influenced by each other and

the world around them, when creating, in many different ways (Coconi, 2017).

Expressive Theory of Art

According to this theory, art is seen as the means of portraying the unique, individual

feelings and emotions of the artist. Good art should successfully communicate the

feelings and emotions which the artist intended to express (Stuckismwales, 2018).
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Processional Theory of art

According to Spiegel (1998), processional theory is the making of works of art

because the creative process is an inherently self-contained, self-justifying process. An

individual makes an art because the creative process is currently known or mastered and

is more satisfying for the individual.

These theories assisted the researchers to identify the possible reasons why students

prefer or appreciate a certain drawing style. This research gave evidence for the part of

the theories that are based on one’s reason on why students prefer or appreciate a certain

drawing style.

Statement of the Problem

People nowadays have their own preference on what drawing style to appreciate and

apply to their artworks. Each individual has their own main interest of drawing style from

the influences they get from the different animated shows and games that entertains them.

The aim of the study is to determine what Grade 12 ICT Animation students prefer more

between Japanese and Western animation drawing style. The study also intends to

identify the reasons that made the students prefer or appreciate this certain drawing style.
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Research Questions:

1. What are the characteristics of Western drawing style?

2. What are the characteristics of Japanese drawing style?

3. What is the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation students between Japanese

and Western drawing style?

4. How does drawing style affect the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation

students?

Objective of the study

The aim of the study is to determine what Grade 12 Animation students prefer more

between Japanese and Western animation drawing style. The study also intends to

identify the reasons that made the students prefer or appreciate this certain drawing style.
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CHAPTER II

Research Design and Methodology

Research Design and Methodology

The researchers used quantitative-qualitative mixed-method of research. The

researchers used this method to obtain necessary information in order to achieve the

objective of the study which aimed to know the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation

students between Western and Japanese Animation Drawing style and to identify the

reasons that made the students prefer or appreciate this certain drawing style.

Population and Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at the University of the Cordilleras (UC). University of the

Cordilleras was established in 1946. University of the Cordilleras was formerly known as

Baguio Colleges Foundation (BCF), and is now called the University of the Cordilleras in

2003.

The population of this study is the Grade 12 ICT Animation students of University of

the Cordilleras of School Year 2018-2019. All Grade 12 students who are enrolled in ICT

Animation track are the respondents of this study.

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Data Gathering Instruments

The researchers developed interview questions and survey questionnaires for the

purpose of the study. The main tools in data gathering are interview and survey

questionnaires regarding the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation students between

Western and Japanese Animation drawing style.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked permission from the Academic Director of The University of

the Cordilleras through a letter to conduct a survey questionnaire and interview regarding

the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation students between Western and Japanese

Animation drawing style. The researchers asked permission to the teacher who are in

charge during the class to conduct the survey. The questionnaires are distributed by the

researchers to the respondents with a cover letter that contained the name of the

researchers, purpose of the study, and an addressed confidentiality issue. The researchers

then conducted an interview to chosen compliant respondents, before the interview the

respondents were given an addressed confidentiality issue.

Treatment of Data

To interpret the data effectively, the researchers employed frequency and percentage

distribution for the third problem. This is employed to determine the frequency counts

and percentage distribution of personal related variables of the respondents.

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Formula:

Where % = Percent

f = Frequency
N = number of respondents
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CHAPTER III

Findings and Discussion

Introduction

This chapter will bring in the presentation of the findings derived from the survey and

interview conducted by the researchers. The subjects of the study are the Grade 12 ICT

Animation students in the University of the Cordilleras. The study is conducted to

determine what Grade 12 Animation students prefer more between Japanese and Western

animation drawing style and to identify the reasons that made the students prefer or

appreciate this certain drawing style. Present data were studied and documents were

examined to answer the questions communicated in the statement of the problem. The

analytical procedures are arranged according to the sequence of specific questions.

Table 1: Distribution of respondents according to their Block Section

Block Section No. of students Percentage

ICT A 18 11.54%
ICT B 23 14.74%
ICT C 20 12.82%
ICT D 18 11.54%
ICT E 13 8.33%
ICT F 20 12.82%
ICT G 30 19.23%
ICT H 14 8.97%
TOTAL 156 100%
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Table 1 shows the population of 156 respondents in Grade 12 ICT Animation students

in the University of the Cordilleras. Accordingly, 18 respondents are from both ICT

Block A and D which both constitutes 11.54% of the total population, 23 from ICT Block

B which constitutes 14.74 % of the total population, 20 respondents from ICT Block C

and F which both constitutes 12.82% of the total population, 13 respondents from ICT

Block E which constitutes 8.33% of the total population, 30 respondents from ICT Block

G which constitutes 19.23% of the total population, 14 respondents from ICT Block H

which constitutes 8.97% of the total population.

Findings and Discussion

Our findings on the characteristics of Western and Japanese animation drawing style

based on the interviews that was conducted with the chosen Grade 12 ICT Animation

students per block section is that Western drawing style in terms of character design tends

to be more realistic or semi-realistic and focuses more on body proportions, the coloring

is more lighter and tends to be realistic, it is more on shading, angles or angling is much

more simplistic, line quality is more dark, bold and consistent, and in background design,

it is realistic and detailed.

In Japanese drawing style, in terms of character design it is more detailed and more

realistic and has prominent big eyes, its coloring is more detailed and various to make the

character stand out, has balanced and more usage shading, it uses extreme angles that

depends on the scenario, line quality is balanced and more thinner, and in background

design, it is more realistic and detailed than Western drawing style.

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Table 2: Analysis of the preference of the respondents

Japanese Animation Drawing Western Animation Drawing

Style Style
Block Section No. Percentage No. Percentage
ICT A 13 72% 5 28%
ICT B 14 61% 9 39%
ICT C 8 40% 12 60%
ICT D 6 33% 12 67%
ICT E 9 69% 4 31%
ICT F 10 50% 10 50%
ICT G 15 50% 15 50%
ICT H 7 50% 7 50%
TOTAL: 82 53% 74 47%

Table 2 shows the percentage of students who prefer Western and Japanese animation

drawing style. In a total population of 156 Grade 12 ICT Animation students, 53% of the

total population of students prefers Japanese Animation drawing style, while 47% of the

students prefer Western Animation drawing style. Percentage frequency distribution was

used to analyze the percentage of the results. These results confirm that Grade 12 ICT

Animation students prefer Japanese Animation drawing style more than Western

Animation drawing style.

Based on the survey results, 90% of students agree that they prefer the certain kind of

drawing style because it is aesthetically pleasing for them, 86% agree because it makes

them feel better when using it, 76% agree because it is the drawing style used from their
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favorite kind of Television shows, series, movie and other visual media, 79% agree

because it is the drawing style used from their favorite books, comics, and other literary

media, 48% agree because they got influenced by their friends who also draw with this

drawing style, 76% agree because they can portray or express their unique, individual,

feelings and emotion more clearly, 95% agree because it’s more comfortable for them to

use, 90% agree because it is more satisfying for them to use, and 63% agree because they

currently mastered it.

According to the student’s own opinion based on the survey results, they prefer the

certain drawing style they chose because for them it is simple, comfortable to use,

attractive or appealing, influenced by watching movies, reading books and other visual

media, they are interested in it, they like it, and because for them it is realistic.
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CHAPTER IV

Summary and Conclusion

Summary

Drawing style is a collection of attributes that make drawings unique. Each individual

has their own main interest of drawing style from the influences they get from the

different animated shows and games that entertains them. This is a quantitative-

qualitative mixed-method of research which was designed to determine what Grade 12

Animation students prefer more between Japanese and Western animation drawing style,

and to identify the reasons that made the students prefer or appreciate this certain drawing

style. Looking to the objective of the present research, Percentage frequency distribution

was found to be appropriate.

The total sample of this study comprised of Grade 12 ICT Animation students in the

University of the Cordilleras. The whole samples consist of total 156 students from 8

block sections. Hence eight experimental groups were made. In order to obtain data for

the preference of students between Western and Japanese Animation drawing style and

why they prefer this certain drawing style, a survey questionnaire and interview was

developed by the researchers and was used to obtain necessary data. These obtained data
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were analyzed by using Percentage frequency distribution. The obtained result after the

analysis of data was presented as follows.

Conclusion

Grade 12 ICT Animation students prefer Japanese Animation drawing style more than

Western Animation drawing style. They chose this certain drawing style was because for

them it is aesthetically pleasing for them, it makes them feel better when using it, it is the

drawing style used from their favorite kind of Television shows, series, movie and other

visual media, it is the drawing style used from their favorite books, comics, and other

literary media, they can portray or express their unique, individual, feelings and emotion

more clearly, it’s more comfortable for them to use, it is more satisfying for them to use,

and because they currently mastered this certain drawing style.

According to the student’s own opinion, they prefer the certain drawing style they

chose because for them it is simple, comfortable to use, attractive or appealing,

influenced by watching movies, reading books and other visual media, they are interested

in it, they like it, and because for them it is realistic.

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APPENDIX A

RESEARCH TITLE DEFENSE

UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Practical Research II
RESEARCH TITLE

SECTION: ICTANIM12B GROUP #: ___5___

PROPONENTS:
Rodel C. Bilayan Leonardo Jr. G. Binwag
Edwin Carl C. Biteng Jovanie Christopher D. Caram
Tristan Keith E. Caoile Joshua T. Carrera
Tanisha J. Caliag Dexter Jay S. Biadang
Arvie Ace A. Ediong

RESEARCH TITLE
THE PREFERENCE OF UC GRADE 12 ICT ANIMATION STUDENTS BETWEEN WESTERN
AND JAPANESE ANIMATION DRAWING
STYLE____________________________________________
MAIN RESEARCH PROBLEM
The researcher aims to determine what Grade 12 Animation students prefer more between
Japanese and Western animation drawing style. The study also intends to identify the reasons that
made the students prefer or appreciate this certain drawing
style.___________________________________________________________________
The study will seek to answer the following sub-questions: (at least 3)

1. What are the characteristics of Western drawing style?

2. What are the characteristics of Japanese drawing style?
3. What is the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation students between Japanese and
Western drawing style?
4. How does drawing style affect the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation students?

Reviewed by:

__ Reycelyn B. Corcino__ ___ Roselle G. Aniceto_____ ___Lyndon E. Santos_____

Subject Teacher Panel Member Panel Member

Noted:
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Beverly D. Granadosin, MS Psych

Research Coordinator

Evaluated:

Mr. Ronaldo L. Pontanosa

Academic Director

APPENDIX B
LETTER OF PERMISSION TO TEACHERS AND RESPONDENTS

February 18, 2019

Dear Students & Teacher:

The researchers from Grade 12 ICT Animation Block B are requesting permission to
conduct a research study in the University of the Cordilleras. This study is entitled, “THE
PREFERENCE OF GRADE 12 ICT ANIMATION STUDENTS BETWEEN WESTERN AND
JAPANESE ANIMATION DRAWING STYLE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE
CORDILLERAS”. The aim of the study is to determine what Grade 12 Animation students prefer
more between Japanese and Western animation drawing style. The study also intends to identify
the reasons that made the students prefer or appreciate this certain drawing style.

The researchers hope that you will allow them to conduct and presume the research study
with your consent. Rest assured that all answers gathered will be guarded with utmost
confidentiality and will only be used in the context of the research.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated. If ever there are
consultations regarding the researchers and the research study, the researchers will be willing to
answer and comply with questions or concern anytime.

Respectfully yours,

The Researchers

BILAYAN, RODEL C. BINWAG, LEONARDO JR. G.

BITENG, EDWIN CARL C. CARAM, JOVANIE CHRISTOPHER D.

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CAOILE, TRISTAN KEITH E. CARRERA, JOSHUA T.

CALIAG, TANISHA J. BIADANG, DEXTER JAY S.

EDIONG, ARVIE ACE A.

MS. REYCELYN B. CORSINO _____TANISHA J. CALIAG______

UC-SHS Research Adviser ICT Animation 12 B Group 5 Leader
APPENDIX C

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

THE PREFERENCE OF UC GRADE 12 ICT ANIMATION STUDENTS BETWEEN

WESTERN AND JAPANESE ANIMATION
DRAWING STYLE

Name (optional): ________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _______________________________

 The objective of the study is to know the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation
students between Western and Japanese Animation Drawing style and to
identify the reasons why they prefer that drawing style.

Note: Rest assured that all answers gathered will be guarded with utmost
confidentiality and will only be used in the context of the research.

I. Instruction: Read the questions properly and put a check ( ∕ ) to the boxes that
corresponds to your answer.
A.

Questions Japanese Western

What drawing style do you prefer?

B.

Questions Yes No

1. Do you prefer this drawing style because it is aesthetically

pleasing for you?

2. Do you prefer this drawing style because you feel better

when using it?

3. Do you prefer this certain drawing style because it is the

drawing style used from your favorite kind of Television shows,
series, movie and other Visual media?

4. Do you prefer this certain drawing style because it is the

drawing style used from your favorite books, comics, and other
literary media?
 Page 21 of 27

5. Do you prefer this drawing style because you got influenced

by your friends who also draw with this drawing style?

6. Do you prefer this drawing style because you can portray or

express your unique, individual, feelings and emotion more
clearly?

7. Do you prefer this drawing style because it’s more

comfortable to use for you?

8. Do you prefer this drawing style because it is more satisfying

for you to use?

9. Do you prefer this drawing style because you currently

mastered it?

II. Instruction: Read the questions properly and answer in the provided blanks below
each question.
1. What made you choose this certain drawing style in your own opinion?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX D
INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

INTERVIEW PAPER
Title of the Study: THE PREFERENCE OF UC GRADE 12 ICT ANIMATION
STUDENTS BETWEEN WESTERN AND JAPANESE
ANIMATION DRAWING STYLE
Name of Interviewee: _________________________ Date: __________________
Block and Section: ____________________________
Name of Interviewer: __________________________
 The objective of the study is to know the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation
students between Western and Japanese Animation Drawing style and to identify
the reasons why they prefer that drawing style.
Note: Rest assured that all answers gathered will be guarded with utmost
confidentiality and only be used in the context of the research.

Questions:
1. What are the characteristics of Western drawing style?
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a. In terms of Character design?

b. In terms of Coloring?
c. In terms of Shading?
d. In terms of angles/angling?
e. In terms of Line Quality?
f. In terms of Background design?

2. What are the characteristics of Japanese drawing style?

a. In terms of Character design?
b. In terms of Coloring?
c. In terms of Shading?
d. In terms of angles/angling?
e. In terms of Line Quality?
f. In terms of Background design?

3. How does drawing style affect the preference of Grade 12 ICT Animation students?

APPENDIX E
DATA AND TABLES

Table 1: Distribution of respondents according to their Block Section

Block Section No. of students Percentage

ICT A 18 11.54%
ICT B 23 14.74%
ICT C 20 12.82%
ICT D 18 11.54%
ICT E 13 8.33%
ICT F 20 12.82%
ICT G 30 19.23%
ICT H 14 8.97%
TOTAL 156 100%

Table 2: Analysis of the preference of the respondents

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Japanese Animation Drawing Western Animation Drawing

Style Style
Block Section No. Percentage No. Percentage
ICT A 13 72% 5 28%
ICT B 14 61% 9 39%
ICT C 8 40% 12 60%
ICT D 6 33% 12 67%
ICT E 9 69% 4 31%
ICT F 10 50% 10 50%
ICT G 15 50% 15 50%
ICT H 7 50% 7 50%
TOTAL: 82 53% 74 47%

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Wells, P. 1998. Understanding Animation. London: Routledge.

Ethridge, D.E. (2004) “Research Methodology in Applied Economics” John Wiley &
Sons, p.24

Shields P.M., Rangarajan N. (2013). Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating

Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Stillwater, OK: New Forum
Press Inc.

INTERNET
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Amsfredo, (2015, November 17). How Has Japanese Anime Influenced the World?
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Hoddinott, B. and Combs, J. (2018). How to Identify Common Drawing Styles. Retrieved
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https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-aesthetic-response

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https://penandthepad.com/definition-mimetic-theory-8712757.html.

Theory of Art. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_art.

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http://www.stuckismwales.co.uk/theory/tblast/expressive.php.

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atism.html