1discuss the general direction of difinitions of literature.

In the attempt to define the term 'literature', one can distinguish between two general directions: a
broad and a narrow definition. The broad definition incorporates everything that has been written down
in some form or another, i.e., all the written manifestations of a culture (hence, there are terms such as
'research literature', 'the literature on civil rights', etc.). Needless to say that such a broad definition is
problematic as it does not really facilitate communication about the topic. Furthermore, this concept
neglects the fact that in many cultures in the past and for a number of indigenous peoples today,
literature has not been captured in written media but has been passed down in a long oral tradition of
storytelling, myths, ritual speeches, etc. Attempts to come up with a narrow definition have, however,
led to such a diversity of approaches that one can hardly talk about 'the' narrow definition.
Nevertheless, it is possible to sift out some of the criteria scholars have applied in order to demarcate
'literary texts' from 'non-literary texts'. These criteria include:

• fictionality

• specialised language

• lack of pragmatic function

• ambiguity.

4,explain the relashionship between literature and emotional intelligence

emotional intelligence and literature

There are a number of good reasons for using literature in a language class, in particular the potential of
literature to nurture emotional intelligence and caring communication. I have argued elsewhere that
literature can nurture emotional intelligence by providing vicarious emotional experiences that may help
shape the brain circuits for empathy. A child who lacks personal experiences with empathy may, through
repeated vicarious experiences provided by literature, develop some readiness for empathy. Carefully
selected literature can also introduce the immigrant child to the language of empathy and caring in the
new language and thus facilitate recognition and expression of empathetic feelings. has argued that
lack of exposure to stories may actually limit the development of empathy in children. Quality literature
can also help the child gain insight into human behavior, and it can demonstrate that there is always
hope and that one can overcome even seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Literature will also promote
language learning by enriching a learner’s vocabulary and modeling new structures . Most importantly,
quality literature provides models for rich, natural language and a variety of different registers.To quote
literature is a high point of language usage; arguably it marks the greatest skill a language user can
demonstrate. Anyone who wants to acquire a profound knowledge of language that goes beyond the
utilitarian will read literary texts in that language." I don’t think anyone in the profession would argue
that learners should be left at the utilitarian level of language, especially if the is the community
language or the vehicle of academic instruction.Exceptions to this, of course, might be specialty courses,
whose very aim is utility.Moreover, literature can provide a motivating and low-anxiety context for
language learning. Children are naturally drawn to stories and many language learners come from
backgrounds rich in storytelling. Although this article focuses on teaching English to children, well-
chosen children’s literature can be used with adult learners as well. The following are some suggestions
for literature response activities that can both develop language skills and nurture emotional
intelligence.

7.explain how pirose fiction originated?

Prose fiction is said to have evolved from a variety of writings known as “belle letters”in French.
However, many scholars trace its origin to some other longer narratives like the epic and other forms of
imaginative writings of the early centuries. In this unit we are going to trace the origin of prose fiction to
these writings by studying some selected authors of the narratives. This will guide our understanding of
prose fiction as a branch of literature from the earliest forms of the genre.

The origin of prose fiction as a literary genre is traced to the ancient world of“the Mediterranean basin
and the period…roughly 800 B.C. – A. D 400”. In this place and time the intellectual and religious
foundations of modern Western outlook were laid. The literature of that world “…which is still the
background of our institutions, attitudes, and thought, was written in three language. The people who
created these languages lived separately with their independent civilization but the development of the
Mediterranean area into one economic and political unit brought them into contact with one another
and produced a fusion of their typical attitudes of Western thought”

reflected in these early writings. Some scholars refer to these early fictional narratives as the extended
fictional prose and are seen as the antecedents of the prose fiction. However, it is possible that some
early prose fictional writers may have not been aware of these early writings but may have been
influenced by verse epics. The origin of prose fiction in this course material is associated with early epics,
some stories in the bible, romances and the works of notable writers like Boccaccio, Geoffrey Chaucer,
Sir Thomas Malory and others. The development of prose fiction as a genre in Europe emerged with the
availability of paper which gave writers the opportunity to document and circulate their composition
which contained entertaining exploration of subject matters that concern an individual

9,how long is the work of piros fiction?explain

A novel is a long work of fiction that usually has more complex elements than a short story. Its
longer format allows the elements of fiction to be more fully developed. A novella. is a work of
fiction that is longer than a typical short story but shorter than a typical novel.The novel is one of
the more common works of fiction that we encounter. A novel often involves multiple major characters,
sub-plots, conflicts, points of view, and twists. Due to its considerable length, a novel is meant to be
read over a period of days. The plot moves forward through many characters, actions, thoughts, time
periods, and situations. The reader often feels that the story deviates and is affected by the involvement
of different sub-stories and sub-plots, by the passage of time, or by the involvement of new important
characters– this is considered the real beauty of a novel.The word count of a novel is really debatable.
This is because different genres have different requirements. However, a novel is usually no shorter than
40,000 words. For modern publication, editors often consider a novel one which is spread over 80,000 –
120,000 words. Romance novels, however, can be shorter than that. On the other hand, a fantasy,
horror, and science fiction usually see works of greater lengths. The word count for fantasy novels often
touch the 240,000 mark. Some famous books, like the Lord of the Rings series, are famous for containing
so many words. The Harry Potter series has 1,084,170 words; Harry Potter and the Order of the
Phoenix itself has 257,045 words.

8. list the kinds of pirose fiction.

1,The novel

2,Novella

3,The novelette

4,The short story