MTH U345 Ordinary Differential Equations Fall 2008

Practice Quiz 1: Answer Key

dy 2
1. − y = t2 sin t −→ y(t) = t2 (k − cos t), for t 6= 0
dt t
dy
2. (t + 1) = 1 + y 2 −→ y(t) = tan(ln |1 + t| + k), for t 6= −1
dt
dx 1 1 t k
3. + x= −→ y(t) = + √ , for t > 0
dt 2t 2 3 t
dy 1 √
4. − ty = ty 3 −→ y(t) = ± p , for t 6
= ± ln k and k > 0
dt ke−t2 − 1
dx 2 1 2 + ln t
5. + x = 3 + 3, x(1) = 3 −→ x(t) = t + , for t > 0
dt t t t2
dy 3 t
6. + y = 2, y(2) = 1 −→ y(t) = , for t > 0
dt t 2
r
dy e2t e2t + 1
7. = , y(0) = −1 −→ y(t) = − , for all t
dt 2y 2
9. A 300 gallon tank initially contains 100 gallons of pure water. A salt water solution containing 3
pounds of salt per gallon enters the tank at 8 gallons per minute, and the mixture is removed at
the rate of 6 gallons per minute. How many pounds of salt is in the tank when the tank is full?
Let S(t) be the quantity of salt (in pounds) at time t. Then:
6t(100 + t) 5000 + 100t + t2


dS 3 8000
+ S = 24, S(0) = 0 −→ S(t) = −→ S(100) =
dt 50 + t (50 + t)3 9
10. A tank initially contains 20 kg of salt dissolved in 200 liters of water. A brine solution containing
3 kg of salt/liter flows into the tank at the rate of 2 liters/minute. The mixture, kept uniform
by stirring, flows out at the rate of 4 liters/minute.
Let S(t) be the quantity of salt (in kg) at time t. Then:
dS 2 (100 − t)(100 + 29t) 679
+ S = 6, S(0) = 20 −→ S(t) = −→ S(30) '
dt 100 − t 500 5
11. A microcosm contains a population of microorganisms whose birth and death rates are propor-
tional to the square root of the population. Initially there is just 1 microorganism, but after 5
hours there are 4 of them.
Let P (t) be the population at time t. Then:
dP √ 4
= k P · P, P (0) = 1 −→ P (t) =
dt (kt − 2)2
1 3
P (5) = 4 −→ k = or k = , but only the former makes sense (why?)
5 5
100
thus, P (t) =
(t − 10)2
since lim P (t) = ∞, the microorganisms take over the microcosm at time t = 10
t→10−