December 2019

Travel News Connect your laptop

computer to the Internet
Common Deficiencies
within the body Upstream vs. Downstream
Oil & Gas Operations
Necessity of Feasibility
Studies Employee
Profile

Ben Zeglam - Section / Nofleen, Abosetta

(Shuhda Alshatt St. Next the Light Signal)
P.O. Box 81292 Tripoli Libya | License No. 5409882
Commercial Registration No. 9882 Chamber of Commerce No. 1448
December 2019 | 1
Tel./Fax: 00218 21 340 9185 | M: +218 92 804 9559 or +218 91 321 8249
E: aghali@ao-s.com or amazonoilservices@ao-s.com | www.ao-s.com
Message from the
General Manager
Year in Review 2019 and Year to Come 2020

N
ow in its 7th year, our hugely popular AMAZON Newsletter
brings together analysis, thinking, knowledge and highlights of the
Amazon activities, in the form of topic-of specific interest unique to
the Libyan market.
We thank all our contributors in sharing and ensuring the ongoing
success of the AMAZON Newsletter.
Since its incorporation 10 years ago, AMAZON Oil Services has met
the challenges of unparalleled events and has adapted their operational
protocols accordingly.
The year 2019 has proven to be a year filled with a raft of unprecedented
events and challenges in a somewhat unpredictable environment yet we,
as AMAZON, continue to succeed in our determination to provide a
service second to none.
Management recognises that our continued success is due to the
unrelenting support and understanding from our employees both old
and new which we respectfully appreciate and we are confident and
pray that together, the year 2020 will prove to be another successful year
for AMAZON.  
We would take this opportunity to wish you and your family all the best for 2020.

Amazon Oil Services (AOS) is a Libyan incorporated Company, with ISO

9001: 2015 accreditation. The Head Office is in Tripoli and AOS has
associates worldwide.

AOS serves the Libyan Oil & Gas Sectors in the provision of an Umbrella
Service for Engineering and Technical Support using highly skilled
nationals and expatriates from all over the world.

Additional services and expertise offered includes Project Management,

Consultancy, Procurement and Training.

Amazon ensures the Client benefits and achieves value for money where
quality is of paramount importance.

2 | December 2019
Travel News
A
nother newsletter and yet
once again, we have faced
a series of unprecedented
events and challenges
requiring expedient resolution which
we addressed with our proven ability
to find equitable solutions to initial
insurmountable problems irrespective
of the time or somewhat challenging
situations being faced during these
volatile times. Whereas we as a
company determine positive solutions
to such difficulties we cannot ignore
the undeniable fact that equitable
resolution has only been possible with
the ongoing support and understanding
displayed by our employees, our Travel
Agent (Planit) and overall collective
team spirit to succeed where others fail.
Over the last few months, we have
faced changes in which airport was
operational at a given time. We have
used Mitiga, Benghazi and recently
Misrata, each airport having unique
requirements and problems. Whereas
closure of airports has an impact on
commercial flights we also encountered
the resultant impact on internal desert
flights to/from site. Currently, flights
are to/from Misrata, where we now
have a nominated representative and
suitable hotel accommodation pending
a permanent return to Mitiga Airport.
Tripoli Administration at all times
works in close liaison with our contact
in Misrata so you have the comfort to
know your status at all times. Tripoli
Office will issue employees with a
“To Whom it Concerns Identification
Letter” in Arabic to facilitate your
unfettered passage on arrival in Misrata
Airport. In instances wherein an
employee is required to commute to/
from Tripoli, we have reliable drivers to
ensure safe passage.
To complicate matters even further,
we have noted that Libyan Wings
(our preferred carrier) has not been
publishing future schedules until the
last moment and as such we have
been unable to make advance seat
reservations. Unfortunately, this has
resulted in some employees departing
without their return tickets being issued
in compliance with our recognised
travel protocol however once available,
their tickets are forwarded to them. We
have also faced unexpected problems
when flights or published schedules
are cancelled or changed with no
prior notification. In such instances
we require to identify all tickets
issued to ensure that connections with
commercial flights to/from Istanbul
/ Tunis are not adversely impacted.
Unfortunately, Libyan Wings have
recently been guilty of such practices
which gives us cause for concern
although we recognise that these
matters are in the main beyond their
control.
We have concerns that the completion
of the mandatory AMAZON Travel
Request is not always being completed
in compliance with our defined Travel
Protocol. Employees should recognise
that this document ensures that we
are in a position to arrange travel
taking in to account internal flight
days, compliance with the employee’s
rotation cycle and, the client is
aware of the employee’s movements.
Recently, we were required to change
pre-arranged return schedules as the
employee’s presence was required for
Project operational reasons. Should the
client have been aware of the intended
return dates then possibly this would
have been identified at that stage
thus preventing costly required future
ticket changes. In other instances,
employees depart with no indication
as to their required return date which
makes forward planning difficult as
recently we have encountered difficulty
in obtaining tickets to Libya due to
the limited availability of seats being
requested at short notice.
We would also take this opportunity
to remind employees that the Mobile
Number recorded must be the number
we can contact them on whilst in
transit. This number will also allow
us to communicate with WhatsApp
which has proven to be a reliable mode
of communication.
December 2019 | 3
Further, the Departure Date From
Libya and the Return Date To Libya
requires to take in to account internal
flight schedules where applicable. As an
internal flight will not arrive in Mitiga /
Misrata until late morning then flights
from the airport are only possible late
afternoon / evening to ensure that
onward commercial flights are available
in either Istanbul or Tunis. If not, then
an overnight stay in Tripoli / Misrata
may be essential. The scheduled arrival
date in Libya must take in to account
internal flights where applicable thus
the employee requires to arrive either
the day before to ensure availability
to catch the morning internal flight to
site or, arrive on an overnight flight. In
some instances, it would possibly be in
the employee’s interests to determine
the best day to travel before travel
dates are finalized to ensure the most
seamless travel schedule possible as
direct flights are not always available
every day. For example, on some days
travel to/from Calgary is only possible
via Montreal whilst on others there is
a direct flight or from Constantine to
Tunis without travel via Algiers is only
possible on certain days.
Unfortunately, certain nationalities are
unable to obtain Transit Visas for either
Istanbul or Tunisia which presents
then with an undeniable problem with
regards to baggage and the collection
of same as they cannot pass through
passport control in either Istanbul or
Tunis to collect their luggage bearing
in mind that baggage is not always
tagged through to Libya at this time.
AMAZON strongly recommends that
where possible in the employees own
interests they travel with hand luggage
only however if they choose to have
excess baggage then they should ensure
that their bag is well labelled for easy
identification with their contact details
and, where possible, their itinerary
and they ensure that they remove any
old airline baggage tags. If their bag
has a generic appearance, then they
should try to add a colourful ribbon
or a unique bumper sticker so that it
won’t be  mistaken for another similar
bag. It is also a good idea to snap a few
pictures of your bag with your mobile
phone to help baggage agents identify
your bag should it go missing. Needless
to say, you should include in your carry-
on bags anything essential or valuable
that you’ll need at your destination in
case your checked bag is delayed or lost.
However, we at AMAZON fully
appreciate that our recommendation
based on material facts presents our
employees with an undeniable problem
4 | December 2019
however our employees who cannot
obtain a Tunis or Istanbul Transit
Visa continue to travel in and out of
Libya with baggage. One will question
how they manage to circumvent this
problem? We are advised that on arrival
in Tunis or Istanbul, they approach
the transit staff with their luggage tag
and politely request that they transfer
their luggage internally for them to
the next flight. We would emphasize
that a polite request with available
transit staff should provide a positive
result bearing in mind that they are
effectively doing you a favour - a smile
and show of gratitude will go a long
way! It is obviously important that
baggage tags are retained to provide
evidence should baggage be mislaid.
We would also remind employees that
‘Checked Baggage’ allowances vary
from airline to airline so passengers
should ensure that they are within the
limits as AMAZON is not responsible
for any excess baggage costs.
We note that some employees continue
to dictate their personal preferences
with regards to airlines used and
routes determined contrary to explicit
reference in our employee contracts
wherein we make clear than Amazon
determines routes and airlines.
Whereas we recognise that other
companies simply issue tickets without
prior employee consultation Amazon,
as a company, pride ourselves in
giving our employees the opportunity
to review and accept our determined
route and schedule before we issue the
actual tickets. Amazon and it’s agent
determines schedules based on past
experience and viability. We endeavor
at all times to provide the most
seamless flight schedule possible taking
in to account transit times involved,
potential transit visa restraints,
available airlines etc. Whereas Libyan
Wings is our preferred carrier based
on past reliability at times alternative
carriers must be used to connect with
international flight schedules in order
to limit transit times.
Although overall cost has an obvious
impact on itineraries this is NOT our
key consideration and we do NOT
enter in to protracted debates with our
employees on such matters. We treat
our employees as a family member and
seamless expedient travel is our key
objective. We trust that our employees
now understand that we have their
interests and welfare at heart at all
times and would not provide a schedule
wherein our employees may encounter
problems en-route. In the unlikely
event of an unforeseen problem, we
expediently take remedial action to
resolve as proven in the past. At all
times ‘we have your back’ and will never
leave you on your own irrespective of
the time.
We are also pleased to note that Istanbul
Airport now has both an ‘Airside’ and
‘Landside’ airport facility available.
We would request that once we have
determined a proposed route and have
forwarded this to you for review and
acceptance then you respond as soon as
is possible in order to ensure that the
seats are still available and the quoted
cost is fixed. You should be aware that a
delay in a response could lead to a loss
in the seat and, a substantial increase in
the ticket cost in the interim – this is
the nature of the ‘air industry’. We do,
however, appreciate that you may be
unable to respond by return for various
reasons.
In the event that an employee is
unable to return on schedule then it is
important that we are advised as early
as possible in order to advise the client
and amend travel arrangements where
applicable bearing in mind the time
difference between your location and
Libya. In the event of a ‘No Show’ then
we risk the automatic cancellation and
loss of remaining associated tickets so
early notification is essential.
The current fluid situation has proven
to be an overall logistical challenge
however Amazon continues to be
diligent in their efforts to ensure
seamless travel where possible on the
dates as requested by our employees.
Whereas this has not always been
possible, we have sought an equitable
compromise seeking as always the
employee’s approval prior to the tickets
being issued.
In conclusion, once again we have faced
every possible unprecedented scenario
and have determined viable solutions
to same and have continued operating
as normal with new employees being
assigned and we have to thank our
employees for their understanding
and ongoing perseverance during
these somewhat challenging times
and we trust that overall stability
returns to Libya in the near future and
commercial flights return which will
make life easier for all concerned.
Unfortunately, the ‘Force Majeure’status
imposed in 2014 still exits pending the
resumption of International carriers
to Libya following the closure of the
Tripoli International Airport on the 13
July 2014.
Common Deficiencies
within the body
Four Nutrient Deficiencies That Are Incredibly
Common
Many nutrients are essential for good health. While
it’s possible to get most of them from a balanced
diet, the typical diet is low in several very important
nutrients. This article lists 4 nutrient deficiencies that are
incredibly common.
1. Iron deficiency
Iron is an essential mineral. It’s a
large component of red blood cells,
in which it binds with haemoglobin
and transports oxygen to your cells.
Iron deficiency is one of the most
common nutrient deficiencies in the
world, affecting more than 25% of
people worldwide. The most common
consequence of iron deficiency is
anaemia, in which the number of your
red blood cells and your blood’s ability
to carry oxygen drops.
Symptoms usually include tiredness,
weakness, a weakened immune
system, and impaired brain function.
The best dietary sources of iron
include: Red meat, Organ meat,
Shellfish, Clams, mussels, and oysters
are excellent sources of iron. Dark,
leafy greens like broccoli, kale, and
spinach are rich in iron. However, you
should never supplement with iron
unless you truly need it. Too much
iron can be very harmful. Notably,
vitamin C can enhance the absorption
of iron. Eating vitamin-C-rich foods
like oranges, kale, and bell peppers
alongside iron-rich foods can help
maximize your iron absorption.
2. Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin
that functions like a steroid hormone
in your body. It travels through your
bloodstream and into cells, telling
them to turn genes on or off. Almost
every cell in your body has a receptor
for vitamin D. Vitamin D is produced
from cholesterol in your skin upon
exposure to sunlight. Thus, people
who live far from the equator are
likely to be deficient unless their
dietary intake is adequate or they
supplement with vitamin D. Adults
who are deficient in vitamin D may
experience muscle weakness, bone
loss, and
an increased risk of fractures. While
very few foods contain significant
amounts of this vitamin, the best
dietary sources are, egg yolks, cod liver
oil and fatty fish. Salmon, mackerel,
sardines, and trout are rich in vitamin
D. People who are deficient may
want to take a supplement or increase
their sun exposure. It is hard to
get sufficient amounts through diet
alone.
3. Calcium deficiency
Calcium is essential for every cell
in your body. It mineralises bones
and teeth, especially during times
of rapid growth. It is also very
important for bone maintenance.
Additionally, calcium serves as a
signalling molecule. Without it, your
heart, muscles, and nerves would
not be able to function. The calcium
concentration in your blood is tightly
regulated, and any excess is stored in
bones. If your intake is lacking, your
bones will release calcium.
That is why the most common
symptom of calcium deficiency is
osteoporosis, characterised by softer
and more fragile bones. Although
supplementing increased these
numbers slightly, most people were
still not getting enough calcium.
Symptoms of more severe dietary
calcium deficiency include soft bones
(rickets) in children and osteoporosis,
especially in older adults
Dietary sources of calcium include,
boned fish, Dairy products and dark
green vegetables. Kale, spinach, bok
choy, and broccoli are rich in calcium.
4. Magnesium deficiency
Magnesium is a key mineral in your
body. It is essential for bone and teeth
structure. Low intake and blood
levels of magnesium are associated
with several conditions, including
type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome,
heart disease, and osteoporosis. The
main symptoms of severe magnesium
deficiency include abnormal heart
rhythm, muscle cramps, restless leg
syndrome, fatigue, and migraines.
More subtle, long-term symptoms
that you may not notice include
insulin resistance and high blood
pressure. Dietary sources of
magnesium include, whole grains,
nuts, and dark chocolate, dark green,
leafy vegetables. 
The bottom line
It is possible to be deficient in
almost every nutrient. That said, the
deficiencies listed above are by far
the most common. The best way to
prevent deficiency is to eat a balanced
diet that includes whole, nutrient-
dense foods. However, supplements
may be necessary for those who can’t
obtain enough from diet alone.
December 2019 | 5
Necessity of Feasibility Studies
A personal experience by David Amesty, M. Eng, P.Eng. Alberta, Canada
INTRODUCTION
R
ecently, I was involved in the
refurbishing of an old compressor.
The project required the original
wet oil seals to be substituted by
a new dry gas seal system to prevent the
contamination with H2S. However, the
price of the gas today made this project
cost prohibitive. Executives wanted to look
for options to comply with regulations. A
feasibility study was necessary to support
the decision making for the best solution.
But that is a story for another article.
The purpose of this article is to determine
when a feasibility study is necessary
and the drivers behind it. A feasibility
study is a technical-commercial process
to determine if a proposal either a new
technology, project or design is feasibly in
financial terms. The study is done during
the preliminary steps of planning to define
if it is really worthy to allocate resources to
proceed with the proposal.
CONCEPT
Feasibility studies can be used to evaluate
individual cases of technical financial
problems i.e., a new technology; or to
compare different alternatives to select
the most “feasible” one to the objectives
of the company. Now, feasibility studies
are usually referred to profit related goals
though that is not their only purpose, they
are also useful to evaluate cases that incurs
in no profit.
First, it is necessary to determine if the
study is required. For that, the proposal
to solve the problem should be already
part of the strategic plan of the company.
There should be a clear purpose to define
the objective or project. The flow down
objective enforces the proposal to become
a project but it requires to determine how
priority the project is.
There are score board, financial even
mathematical methods to prioritize a
project out of the scope of this article but
there is one quick exercise to evaluate the
proposal quickly to at least put it in the list
for further evaluation:
- 
Regulation compliance or life threat.
They represent the highest risks due
to financial losses and liabilities that
are triggered if the risk event occurs.
The company may disappear. It means
that kind of projects are first priority.
- 
Process safety and injury threat, their
risks is mitigated by implementing
good asset management and integrity
assessment plans that allow the delay
of the project.
6 | December 2019
- 
If the threat is imminent, or the life
of the asset is long due or there are
flags for problems, it is a priority one
otherwise it falls to the second level.
- 
Process debottlenecking,
improvements or “good-to-have” may
fall in a third priority if resources are
available. Regulation compliance,
process safety and threat objectives
should be solved first.
Once the project has been prioritized,
a feasibility study may be implemented
to find the lowest cost possible to find a
solution to a regulatory problem or to
evaluate the financial cost of the new
technology or to improve capacity or to
just compare alternative systems i.e. a
large storage tank with heavier metal to
be supported by earth foundation or less
metal anchoring the tank to concrete ring
where wind and quakes are a problem.
This article provides an example of
comparison between two alternatives.
The example is a Stripper Unit. The
process technicalities and systems were
simplified to the minimum to facilitate
the explanation of the case. The Unit
show fictional costs not associated with
firm prices but has an order of magnitude
associated with similar cases.
The same methodology has been used
to compare options in different projects.
Process equipment type selection,
technology evaluations, projects to mitigate
production or regulation problems, storage
systems, asset life cycles and substitutions,
etc. The feasibility study can be as complex
as required depending on the impact it
may have, it could be a project as well.
BACKGROUND
Sour service has been a concern for long
time in the production of gas and oil.
Due to specification requirements in the
processing of the bitumen a new Stripper
Unit is considered to be installed in the
producing facility.
The Stripping Tower capacity is already
defined with a capacity to produce with
80 to 100 % turndown. The questions arise
on the decision about what to use: VFD
motors vs FCV control valve, amount
of HX per train and 50% vs 33% pump
redundancy.
The additional cost per barrel due to the
investment is limited to a variation of
+0.01 $ and -0.01$ from that cost increase.
The amortization shall be done in 20 years
and four (4) alternatives are analyzed for
that purpose. Capital and operational costs
are considered. The decision is made under
risk based on redundancy factors and
probability theory.
It is important to notice that the decision
making processes are commonly under one
of three categories: decision making under
certainty, decision making under risk
and decision making under uncertainty.
They are performed in a combination of
mathematical approach and score board.
Depending on the level of risks, how
comfortable the evaluator feels with those
risks, the process could choose any of the
three categories.
FEASIBILITY STUDY EXAMPLE
Disclosure
The name of the company is fictional as
well as the location of the Unit, somewhere
in the West Hemisphere, and the oil price
variance (X ± 0.01 $). The real production
capacities are neither disclosed. Prices
depends on the market the Unit will be
installed and time frame of the project.
Some prices are not up-to-date either.
This example has been set up for the quick
understanding using the methodology of
“Decision Making under Risk” applied to
real cases.
Introduction
SintOil is planning to invest on a Stripping
Unit. The cost increase variation per barrel
due to the investment shall be kept in the
range between +0.01 $ and -0.01 $ or
Variation of ± 0.01 $. The amortization
shall be done in 20 year. Four (4)
alternatives are analyzed for that purpose.
Terminology
- 
Stripping Tower: The core process
equipment for the HC rinse.
- 
Heating train: Set of shell&tube heat
exchangers (HX)
- 
VFD: variable frequency driver to
modulate speed in electrical motors
- 
FCV: flow control valve to control the
flow of water and HC streams
- 
Redundancy: equipment backup
capacity for continuous operation
- 
Reliability: how trustful a system is
without failures in operation
Process Diagrams
VFD Alternatives
The FT at the discharge of the Stripping
Tower collects information about the flow
turndown of the tower. That information is
sent to VFD motors that varies to control the
flow of water and oil through the HX train.
Alternative A1 proposes 1 x 6 HX larger heat
exchangers + 2 x 50% pumps whereas A2
proposes 2 x 6 smaller heat exchangers + 3
x 50% pumps.
Figure 1 – VFD Alternatives Table 2 – INCREASE BARREL COST DUE TO THE
INVESTMENT ($/year)
A1 (no-1, VFD) A2 (yes-2, VFD) B1 (no-1, FCV) B2 (yes-2, FCV)
Costs Unit ($/year):
Operations: 300,000.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 300,000.00
Energy (0.05 $/KWH): 67,216.06 67,216.06 75,579.08 75,579.08
Payments (5% interest): 663,750.00 689,100.00 662,750.00 688,050.00
TOTAL Cost (Capex/Opex) - Year: 1,030,966.06 1,056,316.06 1,038,329.08 1,063,629.08
Sales Unit -100% Load (Brls/year):
Full Load (BPD) - 80% time: 52,586 52,586 52,586 52,586
Partial Load (BPD) - 20% time: 42,069 42,069 42,069 42,069
Total Produced - Year: 18,426,149 18,426,149 18,426,149 18,426,149
Min. barrel increase - Total Cost/Total Produced ($/Barrel): 0.0560 0.0573 0.0564 0.0577

Reliability of Redundancy for Preliminary Risk Evaluation

For the financial evaluation to decide what alternative to choose

FCV Alternatives
The FT at the discharge of the Stripping Tower collects information
about the flow turndown of the tower. That information is sent to
FCV valves that varies the flow of water and oil through the HX
train. Alternative B1 proposes 1 x 6 HX larger heat exchangers
whereas B2 proposes 2 x 6 smaller heat exchangers. Motors of the
pumps are fixed speed.
Figure 2 – FCV Alternatives
the risk of the system needs to be determined first. Complex
methodologies can be used to determine financial risks (EMV,
FMEA, etc). The Stripping Unit technology though has been proved
safe. The risk here was evaluated on the probability of failure of the
system operability.
It is based on redundancy of the equipment, heat exchangers and
pumps. The system is assumed 100% reliable on its structural integrity.
Good practice on asset reliability assessment, life cycle management
and maintenance is implemented. Figure 3 shows the redundancy of
the systems. The one more reliable is the redundant with a probability
of failure of 0.99925 vs 0.97256 of the non-redundant.

Figure 3 - REDUNDANCY STUDY OF THE ALTERNATIVES

Economics

Capital Investment.

Table 1 shows the capital investment on the assets necessary to

run the Unit with the alternatives shown in Figures 1 and 2. The
payments per year of the capital cost includes 5% interest rate a year.

Table 1 – Capital Investment ($) Decision Making Process

Probability of Barrel Increase.

SintOil requires the variation on the oil price cost to remain between
0.05 and 0.07 $. Using Monte Carlo calculation, the variation of
the barrel considered normally distributed, there is a chance of 60%
the variation would be 0.07 $, 30% 0.05 and just 10% for 0.06 $
barrel cost increase. The chart below shows the results using Decision
Making under Risk methodology to make a decision.

Figure 4 - DECISION MAKING UNDER RISK ($/year)

Operational Costs and the Cost Increase of the Barrel

Table 2 includes the approximate Opex cost to operate the Unit. The
variation of the cost per barrel is around 0.06 $ for all the cases. The
cost of the barrel is unknown though the interest is instead in the
variation on the barrel price due to the investment on the new Unit.

December 2019 | 7
Conclusion
- 
The design basis for the Stripping
Unit shall be Alternative B2
(FCV). It is, among the most
reliable alternatives (0.999/1.000),
the one that has the highest return
on capital investment (7.729 % )
and highest gains in 20 years.
- 
U nder uncertainty conditions,
there are 60% of chances the price
increase per barrel should be 0.07 $
-  e use of VFDs have important
Th
savings in operational costs due to
reduced energy consumption in
service however, their effect on the
whole investment is irrelevant
- 
Under the circumstances shown “Cameron Hydraulic Data” Ingersoll-
for this case, the impact due to Rand
the capital investment is low, any
“ Introduction to Heat Transfer” by F. P.
alternative can be used. What
Incropera
defined the decision was the
reliability of the system. ASME Sect VIII Div 1
- 
This case shows a methodology to Pentair Pumps
solve real case feasibility studies Schneider Electric VFDs
based on analytical models.
Complex systems that have many Flomatic Control Valves
variables to consider can be
Independent Power Producers Society
addressed using similar methods.
References
“Managing of Engineering and
Technology” by L.C. Morse and D. L.
Babcock

Connect your laptop computer to the

Internet if your Laptop has no built-in
Ethernet Port.

A
s you will have noted,
as Laptop Computers
trend towards thinner and
lighter models previous expected
connectivity technology such as
ports and CD drives are no longer
included however all is not lost!
Specific reference is made towards
Internet connectivity. Whereas Wi-
Fi may be available this results in
a vastly reduced speed and limited
flexibility depending on the nearest
Wireless Access Point and possible
imposed security restrictions.
In situations like these, if there is a
wired Ethernet network available
you can connect to it using a USB
3.0, 3.1 or USB-C to Gigabit
Ethernet Adapter. Simply plug the
adapter into your laptop’s USB port
and use a Cat5e/6 cable to connect
the RJ45 end to the network. This
will then provide instant access to
Gigabit speeds without an internal
Ethernet card being required with
no compromise in signal quality
and being ‘Plug-and-Play’ allows
you to set it up and begin using
it immediately. These adapters
are small enough to carry in your
computer case however as more data
is now saved in the ‘cloud’ this is
surely an essential extra to consider
to facilitate fast file transfers and
downloads. There are many models
on the market and some even
include additional connectivity and
they are not expensive. Check out
on Amazon !

8 | December 2019
Upstream vs. Downstream Oil & Gas
Operations: What’s the Difference?
T
he terms upstream and
downstream oil and gas
production refer to an Oil
or Gas Company’s location in the
supply chain. Oil and gas companies
are usually divided into one of three
groups, upstream, downstream, and
midstream. Some companies are
considered to be “integrated” because
they combine the functions of two or
three of the groups.
Upstream oil and gas production is
conducted by companies who identify,
extract, or produce raw materials.
Downstream oil and gas production
companies are closer to the end user
or consumer.
Upstream Oil and Gas Production
Upstream oil and gas production and
operations identify deposits, drill
wells, and recover raw materials from
underground. They are also often
called exploration and production
companies. This sector also includes
related services such as rig operations,
feasibility studies, machinery rental,
and extraction of chemical supply.
Many of those employed in this part
of the industry include geologists,
geophysicists, service rig operators,
engineering firms, scientists, and
seismic and drilling contractors. These
people are able to locate and estimate
reserves before any of the actual
drilling activity starts.
Downstream Oil and Gas Production
The closer an oil and gas company
is to supplying consumers with
petroleum products, the further
downstream it is said to be in the
industry. Downstream operations are
oil and gas processes that occur after
the production phase to the point of
sale. 
This sector of the oil and gas
industry—the final step in the
production process—is represented
by refiners of petroleum crude oil
and natural gas processors, who bring
usable products to end users and
consumers. They also engage in the
marketing and distribution of crude
oil and natural gas products. Simply
put, the downstream oil and gas
market is anything that has to do with
the post-production of crude oil and
natural gas activities.
Many of the products that consumers
use every day come directly from
downstream production, including
diesel, natural gas, gasoline,
heating oil, lubricants, pesticides,
pharmaceuticals, and propane.
Midstream operations link the
upstream and downstream entities,
and mostly include resource
transportation and storage services
for resources, such as pipelines and
gathering systems.
KEY TAKE AWAYS
❖ U
 pstream and downstream oil
and gas production refer to an oil
or gas company’s location in the
supply chain.
❖ U
 pstream oil and gas production
is conducted by companies who
identify, extract, or produce raw
materials.
❖ D
 ownstream oil and gas
production engages in anything
related to the post-production
of crude oil and natural gas
activities.
December 2019 | 9
 Employee Profile

Mr Toor is a Senior Process very well versed with engineering

Engineer with 22-years experience, Codes & Standards.
having contributed significantly to
the Oil & Gas Sector to develop “My experience with Amazon oil
and synthesize surface production services is amazing. Amazon Oil
and refining facilities to explore Services is a professional body in
potential project, based on an Libya for the provision of highly
emerging Technologies from its skilled work force for Libyan oil &
feasibility to implementation stages gas industry. Amazon Oil Services
with high degree of precision. is committed to offering the best
service for their staff at optimum
He has worked in various countries level in visa processing/ travelling
(Pakistan & MENA) since 1997 and managing the hotel bookings.”
and has played vital roles including
process & operation engineering Presently, he is working with Sirte
disciplines, Pre-commissioning & Oil Company in Libya in the
startup of plants, Process trouble Technical Department as Senior
Mr. Safdar R Toor shooting and operation optimization Process Engineer.
Senior Process Engineer. by using HYSYS simulator. He is also

5th Floor, IT Plaza, Ohio Street / Garden Av. | P.O. Box 6684 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | H/line: +255 22 211 4065 | F: +255 22 211 3972 | E: info@emsliestravel.com

www.emsliestravel.com

We go the Extra Mile for you!

5th Floor, IT Plaza, Ohio Street / Garden Av. | P.O. Box 6684 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | H/line: +255 22 211 4065 | F: +255 22 211 3972 | E: info@emsliestravel.com

Whether for business or leisure,

5th Floor, IT Plaza, Ohio Street / Garden Av.

P.O. Box 6684 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
H/line: +255 22 211 4065
F: +255 22 211 3972
E: info@emsliestravel.com
www.emsliestravel.com

MARCH

2019
Whether for business or leisure,

Whether for business or leisure,

We go the extra mile for you!

5th Floor, IT Plaza, Ohio Street / Garden Av. | P.O. Box 6684 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | H/line: +255 22 211 4065 | F: +255 22 211 3972 | E: info@emsliestravel.com

5th Floor, IT Plaza, Ohio Street / Garden Av.

Sun Mon Tue P.O. Box 6684 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
H/line: +255 22 211 4065 | F: +255 22 211 3972 www.emsliestravel.com
Sat E: info@emsliestravel.com www.emsliestravel.com

66
2

12
12 13
13
9
3 4 5
19
19
15 20
20
16
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10 11 12 26
26
22 27
27
23

a | H/line: +255 22 211 4065 | F: +255 22 211 3972 | E: info@emsliestravel.com

44889

Whether for business or leisure,

5th Floor, IT Plaza, Ohio Street / Garden Av.

P.O. Box 6684 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
H/line: +255 22 211 4065
F: +255 22 211 3972
E: info@emsliestravel.com

Whether for business or leisure,

We go the extra mile for you!

National Council for Financial Inclusion
November, 2017

2014 Tanzania
Self-Evaluation Report of the
2016
National Financial Inclusion
Framework
5th Floor, IT Plaza, Ohio Street / Garden Av.
P.O. Box 6684 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
H/line: +255 22 211 4065 | F: +255 22 211 3972
E: info@emsliestravel.com www.emsliestravel.com

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE

DRUG CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY A National Legal Aid

(VOTE 091)
Baseline Assessment
Report
Tanzania - 2017

This assessment has been supported through UNDP’s

“Strengthening Access to Justice and Human Rights
Protection in Tanzania Project”

AUDITED
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30th JUNE 2017

70%
1 AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30th JUNE 2017

DESIGN // PRINT // PHOTOGRAPHY // PHOTOBOOK

Books | Newsletters | Tickets | Business Cards | Calendars | Notebooks | Photo Frames | Promotional items Diaries

Head Office: 12C Industrial Plots, Julius K. Nyerere Road, Opposite Quality Centre,
P.O. Box 20936, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Branch: Mayfair Plaza, Mwai Kibaki Road, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +255 22 277 2802/3/4 | email: dtp@dtptz.com | www.dtptz.com
10 | December 2019
Amazon Oil Services is authorised to provide Services and Technical Support to Oil and
Gas companies in Libya.

AOS is constantly looking for Professional Experts to meet

our client’s demands in various Oil and Gas Desciplines.
• Senior Mechanical Engineers
• Senior Electrical Engineers
• Senior Petroleum Engineers
• Senior Reservoir Engineers
• Senior Process Engineers
• Senior Geologists
• Senior Instrumentation & Control Engineers
• Senior EOR Engineers
• SAP Consultants
• Senior Civil Engineers
• Senior Corrosion Engineers

If you would like to be part of the Amazon Family, then please send your CV TO:
recruitment@ao-s.com
amazonoilservices@ao-s.com

Taqsin Ben Zeglam / Nofleen, Tripoli, Libya

Mob: +218 92 804 9559 | Tel./ Fax: +218 21 340 9185
E: amazonoilservices@ao-s.com | www.ao-s.com

December 2019 | 11
 PHOTO
GALLERY

Safdar Toor Nelson Bermejo

Senior Process Senior Petroleum
Engineer Engineer

Khaled Chaabane Aissa Boughaba

Document Controller Chief RIG Electrical

Joshua Ellis
Senior Mechanical
Engineer

Rajeesh Malayil Lokman Ali

Abdelmalek Azzaz IT Consultant Senior Mechanical Abdoun Douadi
Senior Automation Engineer Chief RIG Mechanic
Engineer

Family

Aleksandar Trickovski Stanley Wtorek Mohamed Benghadab

Akbar Htay Senior Architect
Senior Petroleum Senior Petroleum Chief RIG Mechanic
Engineer Engineer
Engineer

Romel Cabrisoso
Civil Engineer

Mohammed Yakoub Younes Mahmoud

Senior Instrumentation Senior Process
Technician Engneer

Swapnil Sakharkar Gurpreet Singh Arora

Instrument Draftsman Senior Electrical Engineer
Designer

12 | December 2019