STUDY ON GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS

A Report

Submitted for

Partial fulfilment of the requirements

For the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

Civil Engineering

By

Kush gondaliya

ID No: 19CL014

CL374 (Architectural Design of Facilities)

August 2021
MANUBHAI SHIVABHAI PATEL DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

CHANGA – 388421, GUJARAT, INDIA

 INDEX

Sr no Topic Pg NO
CHAPTER 1 introduction to gbrs 1
1. LEED 4
2. TERI 5
3. GRIHA 8
4. GREEN STAR 10
CHAPTER 2 references 14

CHAPTER-1

Introduction to GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS

Green Building
 A ‘green’ building is a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or
eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural
environment. Green buildings preserve precious natural resources and improve our
quality of life.

There are a number of features which can make a building ‘green’. These include: 

 Efficient use of energy, water and other resources

 Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
 Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and
recycling
 Good indoor environmental air quality
 Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
 Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
 Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and
operation
 A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment

Any building can be a green building, whether it’s a home, an office, a school, a
hospital, a community centre, or any other type of structure, provided it includes
features listed above.

Green Building Rating Systems

Green building rating tools – also known as certification – are used to assess and
recognise buildings which meet certain green requirements or standards. Rating tools,
often voluntary, recognise and reward companies and organisations who build and
operate greener buildings, thereby encouraging and incentivising them to push the
boundaries on sustainability. They kick-start the market by setting standards that then in
turn elevate the ambition of government building codes and regulation, workforce
training, and corporate strategies.

Rating tools vary in their approach and can be applied to the planning and design,
construction, operation and maintenance, renovation, and eventual demolition phases
of a green building. Rating tools can also differ in the type of buildings they are applied
to, with specific tools or subsets of tools used for different building types such as
homes, commercial buildings or even whole neighbourhoods.
1. LEED
1.1- Introduction to LEED

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is the most widely

used green building rating system in the world. Available for virtually all
building types, LEED provides a framework for healthy, highly efficient, and
cost-saving green buildings. Founder of LEED is Robert K. Watson. LEED
means Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Development of
LEED began in 1993, spearheaded by Natural Resources Defense Council
(NRDC) senior scientist Robert K. Watson.

1.2- Certification level

The LEED rating system has seven areas of concentration; Sustainable Sites,
Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor
Environmental Quality, Innovation in Design Process and Regional Priority.

SCORE LEVEL
40 – 49 Silver Level
50 – 59 Gold Level
60 – 79 Platinum Level

1.3- Benefits

In the logistics real estate industry, a lot of weight is placed on LEED

certification. But many property owners aren’t familiar with the exact definition
of “LEED certified.” This guide covers LEED certification and its many
benefits. LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) is an
internationally recognized green building certification system sponsored by the
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).

LEED is a third-party designation that verifies a building or community was

designed and built using strategies and materials to maximize sustainability.
LEED-certified buildings are designed and constructed with a focus on energy
savings, water efficiency, reduced carbon emissions and improved indoor air
quality. Further, the design’s overall stewardship of resources and sensitivity to
their impact on the environment are taken into consideration

2.Teri

2.1- Introduction to teri

The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) is a research institute in New Delhi
that specializes in the fields of energy, environment and sustainable
development. Established in 1974, it was formerly known as the Tata Energy
Research Institute. As the scope of its activities widened, it was renamed The
Energy and Resources Institute in 2003. Teri is founded by darbari S seth.

2.2- Activities

 The scope of the organisation's activities includes climate change, energy

efficiency, renewable energy, biotechnology, and social transformation.
  World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS) - An annual summit
which facilitates the exchange of knowledge on diverse aspects of global
sustainable development.
 LABL (Lighting a Billion Lives) - An initiative to provide clean lighting
access to bottom of the pyramid communities.
 Green Olympiad - Conducted in association with MoEF, it is an
international environment examination that is annually organized for
middle and high-school students.

2.3- Benefits

Fostering rural development: taking energy access to next level

(1) Enhance individual mini-grid capacities: Solar-powered mini-grids of high

installed power capacity can remain economically viable and cost-competitive
with the centralised grid in rural areas of India. Solar mini-grid systems greater
than 100 kW with interest rates as low as 8 % and a 15 % return on equity can
achieve grid parity and a low cost of electricity supply to the rural consumer.

(2) Mechanism for co-existence of mini-grid with central-grid: To drive the

growth of higher power capacity mini-grids that are essential for reliable 24/7
rural electrification, mechanisms are needed to be developed (in collaboration
with the private sector) to make it suitable for the mini-grid developer to
transfer the system's assets to the state-owned utility when the central grid
arrives at the area served by the mini-grid.
(3) Merit-based incentive scheme for mini-grids between 100 kW and 700 kW:
A special capital subsidy incentive scheme can be developed for the viable
mini-grid systems between 100 kW and 700 kW built in specific rural
developmental zones defined by MNRE. The government would be advised to
collaborate with the rural developmental bank and national/international
funding agencies in order to smoothen and achieve the overall process.

3.GRIHA

3.1- Introduction of griha

GRIHA is an acronym for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment.

GRIHA is a Sanskrit word meaning – ‘Abode’. Human Habitats (buildings)
interact with the environment in various ways. Throughout their life cycles,
from construction to operation and then demolition, they consume resources in
the form of energy, water, materials, etc. and emit wastes either directly in the
form of municipal wastes or indirectly as emissions from electricity generation.
GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste
generation, and overall ecological impact to within certain nationally acceptable
limits / benchmarks. Griha launched in 2007 in india. GRIHA was adopted as
the National Rating System for Green Buildings in India by MNRE in 2007

3.2- The benefits

 Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels

 Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and
reduced soil loss from erosion etc.
 Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits)
 Reduced water consumption
 Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse
 Reduced pollution loads
 Increased user productivity
 Enhanced image and marketability

3.3- Certificate level

SCORE RATING
25-40 One Star
41-55 Two Star
56-70 Three Star
71-85 Four Star
86 and above Five Star

3.4-Evolution of GRIHA
 The rapid increase in Indian population and growth of Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) has given rise to an enormous demand for buildings with a subsequent
pressure on availability of resources. Another key challenge for the built-
environment of Indian cities is the diminishing availability of water for urban
areas.

3.5-The basic features of GRIHA

The system has been developed to help 'design and evaluate' new buildings
(buildings that are still at the inception stages). A building is assessed based on
its predicted performance over its entire life cycle – inception through
operation.

4.GREEN STAR

4.1 Introduction of Green star

Green Star is a voluntary sustainability rating system for buildings
in Australia. It was launched in 2003 by the Green Building Council of
Australia (GBCA).
The Green Star rating system assesses the sustainability of projects at all
stages of the built environment life cycle. Ratings can be achieved at the
planning phase for communities, during the design, construction or fit
out phase of buildings, or during the ongoing operational phase.
The system considers assesses and rates buildings, fitouts and
communities against a range of environmental impact categories, and
aims to encourage leadership in environmentally sustainable design and
construction, showcase innovation in sustainable building practices, and
consider occupant health, productivity and operational cost savings.
In 2013, the GBCA released The Value of Green Star, a report that
analysed data from 428 Green Star-certified projects occupying
5,746,000 million square metres across Australia and compared it to the
‘average’ Australian building and minimum practice benchmarks. The
research found that, on average, Green Star-certified buildings produce
62% fewer greenhouse gas emissions and use 66% less electricity than
average Australian buildings. Green Star buildings use 51% less potable
water than average buildings. Green Star-certified buildings also have
been found to recycle 96 per cent of their construction and demolition
waste, compared to the average 58% for new construction projects.
Green star (logo)

4.2 Rating system

Green Star benchmarks projects against the nine Green Star categories
of: Management; Indoor Environment Quality; Energy; Transport;
Water; Materials; Land Use & Ecology; Emissions and Innovation.
Within each category are credits which address specific aspects of
sustainable building design, construction or performance. Ratings for
buildings are available at the design stage ('Design' ratings), at the post-
construction phase (known as 'As Built' ratings) or for interior fitouts
(‘Interiors’ ratings). Green Star - Communities rates projects at the
community or precinct scale against the categories of: Liveability;
Economic Prosperity; Environment; Design; Governance and
Innovation. Green Star certification is a formal process in which an
independent assessment panel reviews documentary evidence that a
project meets Green Star benchmarks within each credit. The assessment
panel awards points, with a Green Star rating determined by comparing
the overall score with the rating scale:

Score R

10-19 One Star

20-29 Two Star

30-44 Three Star

45-59 Four Star

 60-74 Five Star

75+ Six Star

Rating scale

Green Star rating tools for building, fitout and community design and
construction reward projects that achieve best practice or above, which
means ratings of 1, 2 or 3 are not awarded. Ongoing performance of a
building can be rated at any of the 6 STAR ratings. Buildings assessed
using the Green Star – Performance rating tool will be able to achieve a
Green Star rating from 1 – 6 Star Green Star.

4.3 Project
More than 1900 projects around Australia have achieved Green Star
ratings. The first building to achieve a Green Star rating was 8
Brindabella Circuit at Canberra Airport, which achieved a 5 Star Green
Star – Office Design v1 rating in 2004. In 2005, Council House 2 in
Melbourne became the first building to achieve a 6 Star Green Star –
Office Design v1 rating. Flinders Medical Centre – New South Wing
was the first healthcare facility in Australia to achieve a Green Star
rating. Scarborough Beach Pool was the first aquatic facility to achieve a
6 star green rating.[5] Bond University Mirvac School for Sustainability
achieved the first Green Star rating for an educational facility. Other
well-known Green Star projects include 1 Bligh Street in Sydney and
the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre.

2.References - http://www.gbca.org.au/resources/gbca-publications/the-value-of-green-
star/34754.html

- http://www.gbca.org.au/green-star/green-star-overview/
- https://www.gbca.org.au/green-star/green-star-overview/the-green-star-rating-scale/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Star_(Australia)
- https://new.gbca.org.au/rate/green-star/