NAME OF THE COURSE: ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN AND GREEN ARCHITECTURE

INSTRUCTER: AR. SHILPA JENA COURSE CREDIT: 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To acquaint the students with fundamental knowledge of energy efficient design and green architecture.
LECTURE NO.- 04
SUMMARY: SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
LECTURE OUTLINE: Intro to green rating systems, IGBC, GRIHA, LEED

GREEN RATING SYSTEM

A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental
performance of a building through its life cycle.
 It usually comprises of a set of criteria covering various parameters related to design,
construction and operation of a green building.
 Each criterion has pre-assigned points and sets performance benchmarks and goals that
are largely quantifiable. A project is awarded points once it fulfils the rating criteria. The
points are added up and the final rating of a project is decided.
Globally, green building rating systems are largely voluntary in nature and have been
instrumental in raising awareness and popularizing green building designs.

SOME OF THE SUCCESSFUL RATING PROGRAMMES FOLLOWED WORLDWIDE :

1. BREEAM - Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method was
developed in the United Kingdom in 1990
2. CASBEE -Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency
(CASBEE) was developed in Japan, in 2001.
 3. GBTool - GBTool was developed by the International Framework Committee for the
Green Building Challenge, an international project that has involved more than 25
countries since 1998
4. USGBC
5. LEED - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
6. HK–BEAM - Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method
7. IGBC - Indian Green Building Council was developed in India in 2001
8. LEED INDIA
9. GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment was developed in India in
2007.

LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) was developed and piloted in the US
in 1998 as a consensus-based building rating system based on the use of existing building
technology. The rating system addresses specific environmental building related impacts using
a whole building environmental performance approach. The Indian Green Building Council has
adapted LEED system and has launched LEED India version for rating of new construction. In
addition, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has launched several other products for rating
of different typologies of buildings including homes, factories, among others. The following
are key components of the LEED
system.
1. Sustainable sites (construction related pollution prevention, site development impacts,
transportation alternatives, storm water management, heat island effect, and light
pollution)
2. Water efficiency (landscaping water use reduction, indoor water use reduction, and
waste water management strategies)
3. Energy and atmosphere (commissioning, whole building energy performance
optimization, refrigerant management, renewable energy use, and measurement and
verification)
4. Materials and resources (recycling collection locations, building reuse, construction
waste management, and the purchase of regionally manufactured materials, materials
with recycled content, rapidly renewable materials, salvaged materials, and FSC
certified wood products)
5. Indoor environmental quality (environmental tobacco smoke control, outdoor air
delivery monitoring, increased ventilation, construction indoor air quality, use low
emitting materials, source control, and controllability of thermal and lighting systems)
6. Innovation and design process (LEED® accredited professional, and innovative strategies
for sustainable design)

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the design,
construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes, and
neighbourhoods.Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED helps building
owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently.LEED is a
measurement system designed for rating new and existing commercial, institutional and
residential buildings. It is based on accepted energy and environmental principles and strikes a
balance between known established practices and emerging concepts. It is a performance-
oriented system where credits are earned for satisfying criterion designed to address specific
environmental impacts inherent in the design and construction. Different levels of green
building certification are awarded based on the total credits earned. The system is designed to
be comprehensive in scope, yet simple in operation.The green design field is growing and
changing daily. New technologies and products are coming into the marketplace and
innovative designs are proving their effectiveness. Therefore, the Rating System and the
Reference Guide will evolve as well. Teams wishing to certify with LEED should note that they
will need to comply with the version of the rating system that is current at the time of their
registration
LEED India Green building Rating System
Rating Points

LEED certified 26-32

LEED certified Silver level 33-38

LEED certified Gold level 39-51

LEED certified Platinum 52-69

level

GRIHA

GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESSMENT – National Rating System or NRS of
India – An evaluation tool to help design, build, operate, and maintain a resource-efficient
built environment .
Keeping in view agro-climatic conditions in India and, in particular, the preponderance of non-
air-conditioned buildings, the National Rating System – GRIHA – has been developed as a
suitable system for all kinds of buildings in different climatic zones of the country. The system,
was
1. Developed by TERI ( The Energy Resource Institute } as TERI-GRIHA, has been modified
to GRIHA as the country’s National Rating NRS endorsed under the MNRE (Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy), Government of India, as on 1 November 2007.
2. The rating system was developed at Centre for Research on Sustainable Building Science
(CRSBS), TERI . CRSBS team comprising architects, planners, engineers, and
 environmental specialists and thorough study of the current internationally accepted
green building rating systems and the prevailing building practices in India they came up
with the GRIHA framework in 2005.
3. The primary objective of the rating system is to help design green buildings and, in turn,
help evaluate the environmental performance of a building holistically over its entire
life cycle, thereby providing a definitive standard for what constitutes a ‘green building’.
4. It is presently a voluntary scheme.
5. It has derived useful inputs from the building codes/guidelines being developed by :
 The National Building Code 2005,
 The Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 announced by BEE (Bureau of
Energy Efficiency),
 MoEF (Ministry of Environment and Forests), and
 The BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards).
 Other best practices and rating standards at both national and international levels
6. The rating system aims to achieve efficient resource utilization , minimize waste
generation and overall environmental and ecological impact of building as per certain
acceptable benchmarks.

GRIHA COUNCIL
1. It is a non-profit making independent society registered under The Society Act and it is
the body responsible for administrating and giving Griha rating to projects that register
under the system.
2. Initially it was called the ADaRSH ( Association for Development and Research of
Sustainable Habitats )

EVALUATION SYSTEM OF GRIHA

1. GRIHA is a 34 criteria system (recently 32) with a 5-star rating.
2. It has a 100-point system consisting of some mandatory and non-mandatory or optional
points, which can be earned by complying with the commitment of the criterion for
which the point is allocated.
3. Different levels of certification (one star to five stars) are awarded based on percentage
of points earned. Buildings scoring 50–60 percentage points, 61–70 percentage points,
71–80 percentage points, and 81–90 percentage points will get one star, two stars,
three stars, and four stars, respectively. A building scoring 91–100 percentage points
will receive the maximum rating, which is five stars.
4. The minimum percentage required for certification is 50.
 GRIHA VARIANTS

GRIHA CRITERIAS
I. SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING
1. CONSERVATION AND EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES Criteria 1 to 7
2. HEALTH AND WELL BEING Criteria 8,9
II. BUILDING PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION
1. CONSERVATION AND EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES
a) Water ….. Criteria 10 , 11 , 12
b) Energy .. End use ….. Criteria 13 , 14
c) Energy.. Embodied and conservation … Criteria 15 , 16 , 17
d) Energy renewable …. Criteria 18 , 19
e) Reduce , reuse & recycle of water … Criteria 20 , 21
f) Waste management ….. Criteria 22 to 25
2. HEALTH AND WELL BEING Criteria 26 to 31
3. BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTAINANCE Criteria 32 , 33 , 34
 SUSTAINABLE CONSULTING
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental
impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and
development space. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and
ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.
The idea of sustainability, or ecological design, is to ensure that our actions and decisions
today do not inhibit the opportunities of future generations.
Whether through the media, product advertising, increased corporate citizenship or other
avenues, people are becoming increasingly aware of sustainable design, or the need to
consider how design will impact future generations.
Because of this heightened awareness, Architects are now giving serious thought to what
sustainable design means to the industry and to their own facilities.
A sustainable building consultant may be engaged early in the design process, to forecast the
sustainability implications of building materials, orientation, glazing and other physical factors,
so as to identify a sustainable approach that meets the specific requirements of a project.
Norms and standards have been formalized by performance-based rating systems e.g. LEED
and Energy Star for homes. They define benchmarks to be met and provide metrics and
testing to meet those benchmarks. It is up to the parties involved in the project to determine
the best approach to meet those standards.
Because there is no “one-size-fits-all” approach to sustainable design, clients struggle to
determine what they can do with their facilities to start on the road to sustainability. What is
right for one may not be right for another.
Sustainability consulting service is provided by an integrated team of architects, engineers,
interior designers and cost estimators who have attained Green Building Council’s Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification - to assist clients in determining
sustainable facility/systems goals that are appropriate and in offering sustainable options that
meet these goals during the design process.

Sustainability consulting offerings include:

 Sustainable design
 Sustainability audits of existing facilities
 Documentation for government financial incentives and/or LEED certification efforts
 Receiving practical, innovative design options that conserve both energy and resources
with Return on Investments (ROIs)
 Identifying the sustainability initiatives that align with corporate goals, finding the
balance between what works for today and what is good for tomorrow.
 Balancing and aligning new facility projects with existing sustainability programs.