Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
PRETEST
1. This is a type of hypothesis that is the default position and tells that there is
no significant relationship or difference between the two measured variables.
A. Nell hypothesis
B. Null hypothesis
C. Alternative hypothesis
D. Alternating hypothesis
RECAP
DIRECTIONS: Before proceeding with the lesson proper, differentiate conceptual and
operational definition. Write your answers in your notebook.
HYPOTHESIS
Prieto, et.al., (2019) stated that the hypothesis is written in declarative format
stating expected relationships between the phenomena to which our concepts refer.
Also, a hypothesis is a tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts and can
be tested by further investigation.
✓ Replacing the battery yearly can make my car to run more miles.
✓ The more vegetables I eat, the healthier I become.
✓ Watering the plants everyday makes them grow faster and greener.
✓ Playing mobile legends has negative effects on my sleeping pattern.
✓ Smartphone helps people communicate better than the traditional
letters.
However, not all studies or research papers need a hypothesis. Most of the
qualitative type of research does not need hypothesis as they are exploratory.
Exploratory research, if you can recall, explore areas thoroughly to develop some
hypotheses that can be used or tested in future researches. Most of the quantitative
researches, on the other hand, has a hypothesis. The best example is the
experimental type of research where the researcher needs to test if one variable is
affecting the other or if they have a significant relationship, etc.
If the study you are planning to do does not require a hypothesis, it should
not stop you from learning the basics of hypothesis like knowing when to include it
and how to compose it.
TYPES OF HYPOTHESES
Null Hypothesis (H0) – represents a theory that has been put forward, either because
it is believed to be true or because it is to be used as a basis for argument but has
not been proven.
Example:
However, you can also create a hypothesis directly from the research problem.
Let us have some examples.
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Fill out the boxes below by defining/describing null and alternative
hypothesis. Write your answers in your notebook.
Example Example
ACTIVITY 2
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 3
OPTION 1: If your research paper needs/requires hypothesis, create the null and
the alternative hypothesis relevant to your chosen topic/title. Write your
answer/work in your notebook.
Research Question: Does the use of social media have an effect on senior high
school students’ attention span in class?
Null Hypothesis:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
WRAP – UP
VALUING
DIRECTIONS: Read this quotation and explain what it means based on the
discussion above. Write your answer in your notebook.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
POSTTEST
DIRECTIONS: Write the null and alternative hypothesis for each research question.
Write your answers in your notebook.
Null Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Does food color have an effect on the amount of food fish eat?
Null Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the effect of regular watering on Vietnam rose on its growth height?
Null Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Null Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Does the presence of salt on cakes affect the sweetness of its taste?
Null Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
KEY TO CORRECTION
class
Ha – Social media usage has a significant effect on SHS students’ attention span in
class
3. Ho – Social media usage has no significant effect on SHS students’ attention span in
liquid
Ha – The new packaging improved the selling power of unbranded dishwashing
dishwashing liquid
2. Ho – The new packaging did not improve the selling power of unbranded
stress tolerance
Ha – There is a significant relationship between students’ academic performance and
ACTIVITY 2
5. C 4. D 3. C 2. C 1. B
PRETEST
REFERENCES
Ballera, Charlene B., Jonalyn D. Gungon, Mary Jane A. Dalisay and Renee Rose C.
Reyes Practical research 2: learning module for senior high school.
Unpublished, 2019.
Faltado III, Ruben E., Medardo B. Bombita, Helen B. Boholano and Angeline Pogoy.
Practical research 2: Quantitative research for senior high school. Cubao,
Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing Inc., 2017
Prasad, S., Rao, A., and E. Rehani. 500 Research Methods. Retrieved from:
https://www.public.asu.edu/~kroel/www500/hypothesis.pdf. 2001,