Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy logic is introduced by L. A. Zadeh in 1965.

Definition: Let X be a set. A fuzzy set (or a fuzzy subset) A of X is
a mapping from X into the unit closed interval [0, 1].
i.e. A: X→[0, 1] is a mapping.
Definition: The support of fuzzy set A is the ordinary subset of X
Supp(A) = {x ∈ X : A(x) >0}

Example (1.1): Let X ={ x1, x2, x3, x4} and A be a fuzzy subset of X
defined by

X xl x2 x3 x4
A(x) 1 0 0.5 0.6

Supp(A)= {x1, x3, x4} is a subset of X.

Example(1.2): Let A be a fuzzy subset of set integers Z defined by

0 x ∈ Ze
A(x )=¿ 1 x ∈ Zo Then the Supp(A) is Zo .

Definition: An element x ∈ X is called crossover point of A if and

only if
A(x) = 0.5.
The crossover point of A in Example(1.1) is x3 and there is no
crossover point in example (1.2)

Definition: The height of A is hgt(A)= supx∈XA(x). Where sup is the

least upper bound of A(x).
The hgt(A) in examples (1.1) and (1.2) is 1.
Definition: a fuzzy set of a set A is called normalizer if ∃x ∈X such
that A(x)=l.
The fuzzy sets in examples (1.1) and (1.2) are normalizer.
Definition: The fuzzy empty set Φ of X is defined Φ(x) = 0 for all x ∈ X.
The fuzzy empty set of the natural number N is Φ(x)= 0 for all x
∈ N.
Definition: The fuzzy universal set U of X is defined U(x) = 1 for
all x∈X.
The fuzzy universal set of the natural number N is U(x) = 1 for all x
∈ N.

Definition: Two fuzzy subsets A and B of a set X are said to be

equal if and only if A(x)= B(x) for all x ∈ X.

Definition: Let A and B to be fuzzy subsets of a set X. Then A is

called a fuzzy subset of B (A⊆ B) if and only if A(x) ≤ B(x) for all x
∈ X and it is called a proper subset of B (strict subset A ⊂ B) if and
only if A(x) < B(x) for all x ∈ X.

Example (1.3): Let A and B be two fuzzy subsets of Z such that

Since A(x) = B(x) for all x ∈ X then A=B.

Example (1.4): Let A and B be two fuzzy subsets of N such that

Since B(x) ≤ A(x) then B⊆ A

Definition: Let A and B be to fuzzy subsets of a set X. Then
(A ∪B)(x) = max{ A(x), B(x) }
(A ∩ B)(x) = min{ A(x), B(x)} , for all x ∈X.

Exampled (1.5): Let A and B be two fuzzy subsets of Z such that