ASSIGNMENT NO:2

WATER ACCORD 1991

NAME: MUHAMMAD HAMAD

REG NO:FA19-CVE-043
 ASSIGNMENT NO:2

Table of Contents
ACCORD: ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
water accord 1991 ministry of water resources :................................................................................... 2
Indus River : .............................................................................................................................................. 2
background : ................................................................................................................................................. 2
TABLE: ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Features of 1991 water accord: .............................................................................................................. 3
Discussion: ................................................................................................................................................... 4
REFRENCES:................................................................................................................................................... 4

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ACCORD:
Accord is meant as the official agreement of any power on status or recognition.

water accord :

• what a record is defined as the agreement between two places or two people on all the rights of
water is called as water accord
• D provide peace between two countries.
• they provide the justice depends upon the right and essential of the two countries.

water accord 1991 ministry of water resources :

D Pakistan water appointment accord of 1991 is the appointment of water of the Indus River system
which is between the provinces of Pakistan is widely held at a historic agreement.

Indus River :
the Indus is the one of the few rivers in the world to exhibit a tribal bite the River system is largely fed by
these snow and glaciers of the Himalayas curriculum and different valleys.

The agreement was signed into effect in 1991 just over 25 years ago the accord lacks a clearly stated
objective and hence it is difficult to revise the accord against its objective this paper presents a detail
thematic review of the accord and interprets the literature and data set hence ; the data said that have
become available over the last 25 years although the accord leaves room of interpretation which is often
raised to a particular perspective in obvious stating point at that has been highlighted is the literature is
to improve water accounting of the Indus basin

background :
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a federal parliamentary Republic in South Asia and home to the 6th
largest population in the world they used an allocation of water within the Indus basin is heavily
affected by the institution and politics and the critics that prevail at international level.

a commune issued by the ministry of Islamic Republic of Pakistan after the accord was ratified provided
some insight into the challenge that the accord was as the follows.

• lack of development of water resources

• sub optimal use of additional water made available after construction of the tarbela reservoirs.
• Unrealized economic opportunities unrealized employment opportunities

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TABLE:
Kharif Rabi Total
Province (MAF) (MAF) (MAF)

Punjab 37.07 18.87 55.94

Sindh * 33.94 14.82 48.76

NWFP (a) 3.48 2.3 5.78

(b) Civil Canals ** 1.80 1.2 3.00

Balochistan 2.85 1.02 3.87

Total 77.34 37.01 114.35

** 1.8 1.2 3

* Including already sanctioned Urban and Industrial uses for

Metropolitan Karachi. ** Ungauged Civil Canals above the rim
stations

Features of 1991 water accord:

• they are admitted by need for storage wherever feasible.
• Recognized the need for below environment flow and provincially
allowed IOM AF ;until the optimum volume is determined
recognized the establishment of IR&for implementing the accord.
The accord tolerates the appointed volume ;reproduced in SI unit the
total allocable water is 144.79GM^3/year. the accord is the largest
international water allocation plan by volume ;I head of the Krishna
river's basin (58.34 gm^2/year) , and the yellow River basin 58
gm^3/year .by comparison the Colorado compact operator tunes 18.502
gm^3/year and the Murrey. The accord itself does not provide any right
into the reliability of the basin line volume the accord does not limit
provinces from developing water resources nor does it limit the purpose
to which water is put within their respective allocation .the accord does;

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however, requires that any existing resources within the Indus basin is
operated to prioritize education.

Discussion:
The Water assignation Accord allotted twelve MAF of extra water to the
four provinces for priority irrigation development. Additionally, nominal
sharing percentages for the provinces out of balance watercourse
provides for more development. Hence, the Water assignation Accord
envisaged a long surface water program in West Pakistan, that ought to
result in final canal head diversions of regarding 131 MAF.
Surplus watercourse water is on the market solely between 70-100 days
throughout the flood season (June September). Water assignation
Accord has additionally nominal ten daily allocations of varied
provincial come throughout the year, which consider the extra
allocations. to produce these extra allocations during the non-flood
amount of the year, it is necessary to store the excess water.
In the absence of the latest storage facilities, the provinces are forced to
share the shortages and during this situation, the most important
suffering is transferred on to the new irrigation comes. thus, it is within
the interest of all provinces to encourage the event of water resources
comes to extend national storage capability.
Pakistan has been facing drought conditions for the past three years.
Moreover, seasonal and hydrologic variations escape to the ocean and
canal water diversions create a large imbalance in water handiness.

REFRENCES:
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0000831

http://pakirsa.gov.pk/WAA.aspx

https://www.dawn.com/news/1273760

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http://www.lead.org.pk/talks/talk29.htm#:~:text=A%20number%20of%20commissions%20and,8%25%2
0and%20Baluchistan%203%25.
i

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