Data Communication

Network: Network Criteria

Irwan
Networks
A network is a set of devices(often referred to as nodes) connected by
communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other
device on the network.
• Distributed Processing
Most networks use distributed processing, in which a task is divided
among multiple computers. Instead of one single large machine being
responsible for all aspects of a process, separate computers(usually
personal computer or workstation) handle a subset.
Network Criteria
A network must be able to meet a certain number of criteria. The most
important of these are.
• Performance
• Reliability
• Security
• Performance
Performance can be measured in many ways. Including transit time and
response time. The performance of a network depends on a number of
factors, Including the number of users, the type of transmission medium, the
capabilities of the connected hardware, and the efficiency of the software.
• Transit Time
Transit time is the amount of time required for a message to travel from one
device to another.
• Response time
Response time is the elapsed time between an inquiry and a response.
• Reliability
In addition to accuracy of delivery, network reliability is measured by
the frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a
failure, and the network’s robustness in a catastrophe.
• Security
Network security issues include protecting data from unauthorized
access, protecting data from damage and development, and
implementing policies and procedures for recovery from branches and
data losses.
Communications Tasks
Transmission System Utilization
• Refers to the need to make efficient use of transmission facilities that
are typically shared among a number of communicating devices.
Various techniques (referred to as multiplexing) are used to allocate
the total capacity of a transmission medium among a number of
users.
Interface
• An interface is a shared boundary or connection between two
dissimilar objects, devices or systems through which information is
passed.
• The connection can be either physical or logical.
• They use of electromagnetic signals propagated over a transmission
medium.
Signal Generation
• Signal Generation is required for communication.
• The properties of the signal, such as form and intensity, must be such
that they are
• Capable of being propagated through the transmission system.
• Interpretable as data at the receiver.
Synchronization
• Synchronization between transmitter and receiver.
The receiver must be able to determine when a signal
begins to arrive and when it ends. It must also know
the duration of each signal element.
Exchange Management
• There are a variety of requirements for communication between two
parties that might be collected under the term exchange
management.
• If data are to be exchanged in both directions over a period of time,
the two parties must cooperate.
Error Detection and Correction
• In all communications systems, there is a potential for error;
transmitted signals are distorted to some extent before reaching their
destination.
• Error detection and correction are required in circumstances where
errors cannot be tolerated; this is usually the case with data
processing system.