Poetry

Poetry
 POETRY
• conveys a thought, describes
a scene or tells a story in a
concentrated, lyrical
arrangement of words
• structured with rhyming lines
and meter
• can also be freeform
PP
OO
EE
TT RHYMED POETRY
RR ●
contains rhyming vowel sounds at
particular moments
YY
PP
OO
EE RHYME SCHEME
●
building block of a poem
TT ●
grouping of lines related to the
same thought or topic
RR ●
similar to paragraph of prose
YY ●
arranged according to rhyming
patterns and meters
 To the Philippines EE
Rizal wrote the original sonnet in Spanish
Aglowing and fair like a houri on high, A
Full of grace and pure like the Morn that peeps B
xx
When in the sky the clouds are tinted blue, C
Of th' Indian land, a goddess sleeps. B
aa
The light foam of the son'rous sea  A
Doth kiss her feet with loving desire; B
mm
The cultured West adores her smile C
And the frosty Pole her flow'red attire. B pp
With tenderness, stammering, my Muse A
To her 'midst undines and naiads does sing; B ll
I offer her my fortune and bliss: C
Oh, artists! her brow chaste ring B
With myrtle green and roses red D
ee
And lilies, and extol the Philippines! C
::
EE
xx
aa
mm
pp
ll
ee
::
EE
xx
aa
mm
pp
ll
ee
::
EE
xx
aa
mm
pp
ll
ee
::
EE
xx
aa
mm
pp
ll
ee
::
PP
OO
EE FREE VERSE
TT ●
lacks a consistent rhyme scheme
metrical pattern, or musical form
RR
YY
*Video
After the Sea-Ship by Walt Whitman
EE
"AFTER the Sea-Ship--after the whistling
winds; xx
After the white-gray sails, taut to their
spars and ropes,
Below, a myriad, myriad waves, hastening,
aa
lifting up their necks,
Tending in ceaseless flow toward the track mm
of the ship:
Waves of the ocean, bubbling and gurgling,
blithely prying,
pp
Waves, undulating waves--liquid, uneven,
emulous waves,
ll
Toward that whirling current, laughing and
buoyant, with curves, ee
Where the great Vessel, sailing and tacking,
displaced the surface;" ::
TT
YY
PP
EE NARRATIVE POETR
tells a story
SS
●
NN
AA
R
R
R
R
EPIC
●
a lengthy, narrative work of poet
AA ●
Adventures of character from a
TT distant past
II *Video
VV
EE
 from Paradiso: Canto 33
(lines 46-48, 52-66)
EE
BY DANTE ALIGHIERI
xx
As I drew nearer to the end of all desire,
I brought my longing's ardor to a final height, aa
Just as I ought. My vision, becoming pure,
mm
Entered more and more the beam of that high light
That shines on its own truth. From then, my
seeing
pp
Became too large for speech, which fails at a sight ll
Beyond all boundaries, at memory's undoing—
As when the dreamer sees and after the dream
ee
The passion endures, imprinted on his being
::
NN
AA
RR BALLAD
RR ●
narrative verse that could be either
poetic or musical
AA ●
shortest and simplest
TT ●
Love, war, sea, humorous, moral, etc
II *Video
VV
EE
NN
AA
RR METRICAL TALE
●
Written in verse and can be classified
RR either as a ballad or a metrical
AA romance
●
Can either be as short as short tale
TT or as long as a novel
II
*Video
VV
EE
TT
YY
PP DRAMATIC POETRY
EE ●
Emotional piece of literature which i
recited or sung
SS
D
D
RR
AA COMEDY
●
light and written with the
M
M purpose of amusing, and
AA usually has a happy ending.
TT
II *Video
CC
D
D
RR
AA SOLILOQUY
●
a monologue in which a character
M
M speaks to him or herself
AA ●
expressing inner thoughts
●
famous in the plays of William
TT Shakespeare
II *Othello/Hamlet Video
CC
D
D
RR
AA MELODRAMA
M
M ●
Used in musical plays with the opera
●
uses exaggerated events and
AA characters.
TT
*Video
II
CC
D
D
RR
AA TRAGEDY
●
Struggling mightily against dynamic
M
M forces
AA ●
Meets death or ruin without success
and satisfaction
TT
II *Videos
CC
D
D
RR
AA
M
M FARCE
AA ●
Exaggerated comedy
TT
II
CC
TT
YY
PP LYRICAL POETRY
Meant to be sung to the
EE
●

accompaniment of a lyre
●
Expresses emotions and feelings
SS of the poet
L
Y
Y
RR PSALMS
II ●
a song praising God or the Virgin M
and containing a philosophy of life.
CC
AA
LL
L
Y
Y
RR ODE
II ●
a poem of a noble feeling, expressed
with dignity, with no definite numbe
CC of syllables or definite number of
lines in a stanza.
AA
LL
L
Y
Y
R
SONNET
R ●
a 14-line poem, typically concerning
II ●
about love
contains internal rhymes within thei
CC 14 lines

AA *Video

LL
L
Y
Y
RR CORRIDOS
measures of eight syllables
II
●

(octosyllabic) and recited to

CC a martial beat.
●
Example: IBONG ADARNA
AA
LL
L
Y
Y
RR ELEGIES
●
poem that reflects upon death or loss
II ●
contains themes of mourning, loss,
and reflection
CC
*Video
AA
LL
L
Y
Y
AWIT/ SONG
RR ●
These have measures of twelve
syllables (dodecasyllabic) and slowly
II sung to the accompaniment of a
CC guitar or banduria.
Example: FLORANTE AT LAURA b
AA Franciso Balagtas

LL
FIGURES OF SPEECH

IN
POETRY
ALLITERATION
• Repetition of initial
sounds on the same line
or stanza
• Ex. Big bad Bob
bounced bravely.
ASSONANCE
• Repetition of vowel
sounds (middle or end
of the line)
• Ex. Tilting at windmills
CONSONANCE
• Repetition of consonant
sound
• Ex. And all the air a
solemn stillness holds.
ONOMATOPOEIA
• Words that sound like
that which they
describe
• Ex. Boom! Crash! Pow!
Quack! Moo! Caress...
ANAPHORA
• A word or phrases repeated
within a line or stanza
• Emphasizes a development or
change by means of the
contrast in the words
following the identical phrases
●
Ashes To Ashes, dust to dust
Ashes To Ashes, dust to dust
●
(English Book of Common Prayer)
(English Book of Common Prayer)
●
The
●
sad truth is that the truth is sad.
The sad truth is that the truth is sad.
(Lemony Snicket)
(Lemony Snicket)
●
The horror! The horror!
●
The horror! The horror!
(Heart of Darkness)
(Heart of Darkness)
●
OOCaptain!
●
my Captain!
Captain! my Captain!
(O Captain! My Captain!)
(O Captain! My Captain!)
SIMILE
• compares one thing to
another by using the
words like or as.
 Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare 1598
EE
My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red, than her lips red: xx
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. aa
I have seen roses damask’d, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks; mm
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
pp
That music hath a far more pleasing sound:
I grant I never saw a goddess go,—
ll
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:
ee
And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare,
as any she belied with false compare. ::
METAPHOR
• compares one to
another by saying one
thing is another.
Hope Is the Thing with Feathers by Emily Dickinson
EE
bird
“Hope” is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul xx
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at all aa
And sweetest in the Gale is heard
And sore must be the storm —
mm
That could abash the little Bird
That kept so many warm —
pp
I’ve heard it in the chillest land —
ll
And on the strangest Sea —
Yet, never, in Extremity, ee
It asked a crumb — of Me.
::
PERSONIFICATIO
N
• involves giving a non-
human, inanimate
object the qualities of a
person.
 Storm Fear by Robert Frost 1913
EE
When the wind works against us in the dark,
And pelts with snow xx
The lower chamber window on the east,
And whispers with a sort of stifled bark, aa
The beast,
‘Come out! Come out!— mm
It costs no inward struggle not to go,
Ah, no! pp
I count our strength,
Two and a child, ll
Those of us not asleep subdued to mark
How the cold creeps as the fire dies at length,—
How drifts are piled,
ee
Dooryard and road ungraded, ::
HYPERBOLE
• exaggeration of the
truth in order to create
an effect.
 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy
Evening
EE
By Robert Frost 1923 xx
...He gives his harness bells a shake aa
To ask if there is some mistake. m
The only other sound’s the sweep
m
Of easy wind and downy flake. pp
The woods are lovely, dark and deep, ll
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep, ee
And miles to go before I sleep. ::
ANTITHESIS
• The juxtaposition of
contrasting ideas in
balanced phrases.
 EE
John Milton’s ‘Paradise
Lost, xx
aa
Here we may reign secure,
and in my choice mm
To reign is worth ambition pp
though in Hell: ll
Better to reign in Hell, then
serve in Heav’n ee
::
APOSTROPHE
• Directly addressing a
nonexistent person or
an inanimate object as
though it were a living
being.
●
Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star / EE
How I wonder what you are
●
O Christmas Tree, O xx
Christmas Tree / How lovely aa
are thy branches
●
Hey, hey, set me free / Stupid mm
Cupid stop picking on me pp
●
It’s up to you / New York,
New York ll
●
Little Red Corvette / You need ee
a love that’s gonna last ::
CHIASMUS
• A verbal pattern in
which the second half of
an expression is
balanced against the
first but with the parts
reversed.
●
Biblical scripture: EE
Matthew 19:30
“But many that are first /
xx
Shall be last, / And many aa
that are last / Shall be first” mm
●
John Keats pp
“Ode on a Grecian Urn” ll
(“Beauty is truth, truth ee
beauty”).
::
EUPHEMISM
• The substitution of an
inoffensive term for one
considered offensively
explicit.
●
Kicked the bucket or passed EE
away rather than died
●
Correctional facility rather xx
than jail aa
●
Big-boned rather than
overweight mm
●
Put to sleep rather than pp
euthanized
●
Ethnic cleansing rather than
ll
genocide ee
●
Birds and bees rather than sex ::
IRONY
• The use of words to convey
the opposite of their literal
meaning. Also, a statement
or situation where the
meaning is contradicted by
the appearance or
presentation of the idea.
William Shakespeare‘s sonnet EE
xx
My mistress’ eyes are nothing aa
like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her mm
lips’ red; pp
If snow be white, why then her ll
breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires ee
grow on her head. ::
LITOTES
• A figure of speech
consisting of an
understatement in
which an affirmative is
expressed by negating
its opposite.
 The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
by T.S. Eliot
EE
xx
Though I have seen my head (grown
slightly bald) brought in upon a platter, aa
I am no prophet — and here’s no
great matter;
mm
I have seen the moment of my greatness pp
flicker,
And I have seen the eternal Footman ll
hold my coat, and snicker,
And in short, I was afraid. ee
::
OXYMORON
• A figure of speech in
which incongruous or
contradictory terms
appear side by side.
Popular Examples of EE
Oxymorons
●
Alone together xx
●
Growing smaller aa
●
Sweet sorrow m
●
Awfully good
m
●
Jumbo shrimp pp
●
Original copies ll
●
Only choice
●
Foolish wisdom ee
●
Open secret ::
 Romeo and Juliet EE
xx
Yet tell me not, for I have
heard it all. aa
Here’s much to do with mm
hate, but more with love. pp
Why then, O brawling ll
love, O loving hate… ee
::
QUIZ
• Intro to Literature
• Prose
• Poetry

**Posted on Saturday
SPOKEN POETRY
• Prepare a poem for
spoken poetry
• Presentation: Oct 29
Assignment:
• Introduce yourself in a
narrative poem.
• 3 or more stanza