INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043

CIVIL ENGINEERING

TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK

Course Title FLUID MECHANICS

Course Code ACEB06

Programme B. Tech

Semester FOUR

Course Type Core

Regulation IARE - R18

Theory Practical

Course Structure Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits

3 1 4 - -

Chief Coordinator Mr. Ch. V. S. S. Sudheer, Assistant Professor

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
I The fundamental knowledge of fluid properties at rest, in transit for various conditions in
both closed and open channel flows.
II The concept of buoyancy, stability of floating bodies and the forces acting on immersed
bodies by employing the concept of pressure.
III The basic laws of energy, mass and their governing equations for various fluid flow systems
IV The use of dimensionless analysis in determining the appropriate units for an unknown
quantity in an equation necessary to develop the relation between model and prototype.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course students are able to:

Knowledge Level
Course Outcomes (Bloom’s
Taxonomy)
CO 1 Recall basic principles and concepts of Fluid Mechanics for ascertaining Remember
differences between solids and fluids.
CO 2 Classify the fluids based on Newton’s law of viscosity for quantification of shear Understand
and viscosity of an incompressible fluids.
CO 3 Interpret the principles of manometry and pressure for computation of gauge and Understand
differential pressures in fluids.
CO 4 Make use of hydrostatic forces and Archimedes theory for investigating the point Apply
of application of force on various geometrical cross sections of floating and
immersed bodies.
CO 5 Apply the conservation laws in differential forms for calculating velocities, Apply
pressures and acceleration in a moving liquid.
CO 6 Explain velocity potential, stream function for defining the possibility of the flow. Understand
CO 7 Analyze fluid flow with the mass and energy equations for investigating analytical Analyze
solutions of fluid flow problems.
CO 8 Interpret the law of energy and Bernoulli’s theorem for quantifying total energy Understand
of various geometrical cross sections and discharge through it.
CO 9 Apply the principles of dimensional analysis for predicting the relation between Apply
model and prototypes.
CO 10 Apply the similitude concept for testing of engineering models. Apply
 TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK
Bloom’s How does this Course
S. No. Questions
Taxonomy level Subsume the level Outcomes
MODULE - I

BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Define density, weight density. Remember --- CO 1

2 Write the relation between density Remember --- CO 1
and specific volume
3 What is Newton’s law of viscosity? Remember --- CO 1

4 Define surface tension, Cohesion. Remember --- CO 1

5 Define compressibility and Remember --- CO 1
incompressibility of fluids.
6 Write the units of viscosity and Remember --- CO 1,
kinematic viscosity. CO 2
7 Define vapour pressure. Remember --- CO 1
8 Differentiate atmospheric gauge and Remember --- CO 1
vacuum pressure.
9 Define Bulk modulus. Remember --- CO 1
10 List the values of specific gravity of Remember --- CO 1
water, mercury, and ccl4.
11 What is boiling point of water? Remember --- CO 1
12 How are Fluids Classified based on Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
Newton laws of Viscosity? Newton Law of CO 2
Viscosity and
Understand the
types of fluids based
on it.
13 Differentiate adhesion and cohesion Remember --- CO 1
14 what kind of property are Specific Remember --- CO 1,
gravity, mass density and weight CO 2
density?
15 Give the relation for pressure inside Understand Learner to recall the CO 1
a water droplet concept of surface
tension and
Understand the
variation of pressure
inside a water
droplet.
16 How does the vapour pressure vary Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
with the temperature? concept of pressure CO 2
and Understand the
variation of pressure
with temperature.
17 List out Newtonian and Non- Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
Newtonian Fluids? Newton Law of CO 2
Viscosity and
Understand the
types of fluids based
on it.
18 Define ideal fluid Remember --- CO 1

19 List out Intrinsic properties of fluids Remember --- CO 1

20 List out Extrinsic properties of Remember --- CO 1
fluids.
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 State Newton’s law of viscosity Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
a n d explain how viscosity varies Newton Law of CO2
with temperature for liquids and Viscosity and
gases. Understand the
variation of
temperature with
liquids and gas.
2 Derive an expression for surface Remember --- CO 1
tension on a liquid jet.
3 Derive an expression for surface Remember --- CO 1
tension on a liquid droplet.
4 If 200m3 of fluid has a weight of Remember --- CO 1
1060 N measured on the planet
having acceleration due to gravity
6.625m/s2, what will be it’s specific
volume?
5 Classify different types of Remember --- CO 1
properties of fluids along with
examples?
6 Why does the viscosity of a gas Remember --- CO 1
increases with the increases in
temperature? While that of a liquid
decrease with increase in
temperature?
7 Calculate density, specific weight Understand Learner to recall the CO 1
and weight of 1 litre of petrol of basic definitions and
specific gravity 0.7 Understand the use
of appropriate
formula to be used.
8 Derive the relation between shear Remember --- CO 1
stress and viscosity.
9 Explain the phenomenon of Remember --- CO 1,
capillarity. Obtain an expression for CO 12
capillarity rise of a fluid.
10 Develop an expression for the Remember --- CO 1,
relation between gauge pressure P CO 4
inside a droplet of liquid and the
surface tension.
11 If the dynamic viscosity of a fluid is Understand Learner to recall the CO 1
0.5 poise and specific gravity is 0.5, basic definitions and
then determine the kinematic Understand the use
viscosity of that fluid in stokes? of appropriate
formula to be used.
12 Determine the intensity of pressure Understand Learner to recall the CO 1
developed by surface tension of basic definitions and
0.075 N/m, in a droplet of water of Understand the use
0.075 mm diameter? of appropriate
formula to be used.
13 Derive the expression for the rise of Remember --- CO 1
liquid of specific weight in a
capillary tube of radius r?
14 Obtain the relation with parameter Remember --- CO 1
like volumetric strain of cylindrical
rod, its strain and diameter strain in
case of a cylindrical rod subjected
to axial tensile load.
15 Explain the phenomenon of Remember --- CO 1
temperature changes in viscosities of
a liquid and gas
16 If the dynamic viscosity of a fluid is Understand Learner to recall the CO 1
0.5 poise and specific gravity is 0.5, relation between
the determine the kinematic specific gravity,
viscosity of that fluid in stokes? kinematic viscosity
and Understand the
use of appropriate
formula to be used.
17 Derive the expression for capillary Remember --- CO 1
rise of a fluid.
18 Define surface tension. Prove that Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
relationship between surface tension definition of surface CO 12
and pressure inside a droplet tension and
pressure is given by p=(4σ/r) Understand the use
variation of pressure
inside a droplet.
19 Calculate the capillary rise in a glass Remember --- CO 1,
of 3.0 mm diameter when immersed CO 12
vertically in (a) water, and (b)
mercury. Take surface tensions for
mercury and water as 0.0725 N/m
and 0.52 Mm respectively in contact
with air. Specific gravity for
mercury is given as 13.6.
20 The bulk modulus of elasticity of Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
water is 2.07 x 106 kN/m2 at definition of surface CO 12
standard atmospheric conditions, tension and
determine the increase of pressure Understand the use
necessary to produce 1% reduction variation of pressure
in volume at the same temperature. inside a droplet.
 Part - C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Questions)
1 A plate of certain oil weighs 40 Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
KN. Calculate the specific weight, basic definitions and CO 12
mass density and specific gravity of Understand the use
this oil. of appropriate
formula to be used.
2 A plate 0.0254 mm distant from a Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
fixed plate, moves at 61 cm/sec and relation between CO 12
2
requires a force of 0.2 kgf/m t o types of viscosities
maintain this speed. Determine the and Understand the
dynamic viscosity of the fluid use of appropriate
between the plates. formula to be used.
3 A rectangular plate of size 25 cm by Apply Learner to recall the CO 1,
50 cm and weighing 25 kgf slides basics and relations CO 12
down a 300 inclined surface at a between various types
uniform velocity of 2 m/sec. If the of viscosities,
uniform 2 mm gap between the understand the
plate and the inclined surface is appropriate formula
filled with oil determine the (Newton’s law of
viscosity of the oil. viscosity) and solve
the kinematic
viscosity.
4 Calculate the capillary effect in Apply Learner to recall the CO 1,
mm in a glass tube 3 mm in basics of capillarity, CO 12
diameter when immersed in understand related
(a) water (b) mercury. formula and solve to
Both the liquids are at 20 0 C and the the rise or fall of
values of the surface tensions for given types of liquid.
water and mercury at 20 0C in
contact with air are respectively
0.0736 N/m and 0.51 N/m. Contact
angle for water is 00 and for
mercury = 1300.
5 What is the pressure within a Apply Learner to recall the CO 1,
droplet of water 0.05 mm in various conditions of CO 12
diameter at 20 0C, if the pressure pressure drop for
outside the droplet is standard various conditions,
atmospheric pressure of 1.03 kg(f) understand related
/cm2. Given = 0.0075 kg(f)/m for formula and solve the
water at 20 0 C. pressure drop in
droplet.
6 If the equation of a velocity profile Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
over a plate is V = 2y2/3 in which V formula for CO 12
is the velocity in m/sec at a distance determining the shear
of y meters above the plate. stress and
Determine the shear stress at y=0 Understand the use
and y=0.075 m given H = 0.835 N. of appropriate
S/m2. formula to be used.
7 Convert a pressure head of 100 m of Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
water to basic definitions and CO 12
 Kerosene of specific gravity 0.81 Understand the use
 Carbon tetra chloride of specific of appropriate
gravity 1.6 formula to be used.
8 A flat plate weighing 0.45 KN has a Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
surface area of 0.1 m2. It slides down Newton’s Law of CO 12
0
an inclined plane at 30 to the viscosity and
horizontal at a constant speed of Understand the use
3m/s. if the inclined plane is of appropriate
lubricated with an oil of viscosity formula to be used.
0.1Ns/m2. Find the thickness of the
oil film.
9 Determine the minimum size of Understand Learner to recall the CO 1,
glass tubing that can be used to concept of capillarity CO 12
measure water level, if the capillary and Understand the
rise in the tube is not to exceed 0.25 use of appropriate
cm. Take surface tension of water in formula to be used.
contact with air is 0.075 kg / m.
10 A vertical gap 2.2 cm wide of Apply Learner to recall the CO 1,
infinite extent contains a fluid of basics and relations CO 12
viscosity 2.0 N s/m2 and specific between various types
gravity 0.9. A metallic plate 1.2 m x of viscosities,
1.2 m x 0.2 cm is to be lifted up with understand the
a constant velocity of 0.15 m/sec, problem statement
through the gap. If the plate is in the and solve to
middle of the gap, find the force determine the
required. The weight of the plate is kinematic viscosity.
40 N.
MODULE – II

FLUID STATICS

Part – A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Define pressure? Remember --- CO 2

2 Express pressure in terms of various Remember --- CO 2
units
3 Define absolute pressure and gage Remember --- CO 2
pressure
4 Express the relation between Remember --- CO 2
absolute pressure and gage pressure?
5 State hydro static law. Remember --- CO 2

6 State Archimedes principle Remember --- CO 2

7 How the pressure at a point can be Remember --- CO 2
measured using various mechanical
devices?
8 Enumerate different types of Remember --- CO 2
pressure measuring devices?
9 Define Buoyancy? Remember --- CO 2
10 What are the conditions for a Understand Learner to recall the CO 2,
floating body to be stable? fundamentals of meta CO 3
center, buoyancy
concepts and
Understand the use
of appropriate
 condition for stability
of floating bodies.
CO 2,
11 Define Meta centric height? Remember ---
CO 3
CO 2,
12 Define meta centre? Remember ---
CO 3
CO 2,
13 Define centre of pressure? Remember ---
CO 3
CO 2,
14 Define total pressure? Remember ---
CO 3
15 Differentiate between centre of Remember --- CO 2,
pressure and total pressure? CO 3
16 Write the formulas for centre of Understand Learner to recall the CO 2,
pressure, total pressure on horizontal concept of total CO 3
surface immersed in a liquid? pressure, center of
pressure and
Understand the
appropriate formula
to be used for the
horizontal surface
immersed in a liquid.
17 Write the formulas for centre of Understand Learner to recall the CO 2,
pressure, total pressure on vertical concept of total CO 3
surface immersed in a liquid? pressure, center of
pressure and
Understand the
appropriate formula
to be used for the
vertical surface
immersed in a liquid.
18 Write the formulas for centre of Understand Learner to recall the CO 2,
pressure, total pressure on inclined concept of total CO 3
surface immersed in a liquid? pressure, center of
pressure and
Understand the
appropriate formula
to be used for the
inclined surface
immersed in a liquid.
19 What are the various types of Remember --- CO 2,
pressure gages used for measuring CO 3
the pressure at a point?
20 List various types of pressure Remember --- CO 2,
measuring devices CO 3
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Explain the concept of pressure and Understand Learner to recall the CO 2
discuss in detail how does the concept of pressure
pressure varies along the depth of and Understand the
water? variation of pressure
with respect to depth
of water.
2 Derive the expression for hydro Remember --- CO 2
static law of pressure.
3 Prove that the pressure remains Remember --- CO 2
equal in all the directions when the
liquid is at rest.
4 Explain the importance of Remember --- CO 2
manometer with the neat sketch and
discuss in detail the principle of
working the manometers.
5 Enumerate different types of Remember --- CO 2
manometers with the help of neat
sketch.
6 Derive the equation for estimating Remember --- CO 2
the pressure at a single point
7 Explain the importance of single Remember --- CO 2
column manometer.
8 Explain the working of U – tube Understand Learner to recall the CO 3
manometer and derive the various types of
expression for finding the pressure pressure measuring
at a point using U – tube devices and
manometer. Understand the
working principle of
U – tube manometer.
9 Explain the working procedure of Understand Learner to recall the CO 3
Bordan pressure gauge with the help various types of
of neat sketch. pressure measuring
devices and
Understand the
principle of Bordan
pressure gauge.
10 Differentiate total pressure and Remember --- CO 3
centre of pressure with the help of
neat sketch for a horizontal surface
immersed in a liquid.
11 Draw the typical pressure Remember --- CO 3
distribution diagram for a liquid and
estimate the centre of pressure.
12 Derive the equation for measuring Understand Learner to recall the CO 3
the total pressure and centre of basics of pressure
pressure on the horizontal plane and Understand the
surface of a body. principles of pressure
to on floating bodies.
13 Derive the equation for measuring Understand Learner to recall the CO 3
the total pressure and centre of basics of pressure
pressure on the vertical face plane and Understand the
surface of a body. principles of pressure
to on floating bodies
or immersed bodies
on vertical plane
surface.
14 Derive the equation for measuring Understand Learner to recall the CO 3
the total pressure and centre of basics of pressure
pressure on the inclined plane and Understand the
surface of a body when immersed in principles of pressure
a liquid. to on floating bodies
or immersed bodies.
15 Derive the equation for meta centre Understand Learner to CO 3,
of a body. remember the CO 12
definition of meta
center and
Understand the
concept to derive the
meta centric height.
16 With a neat sketch, explain the Understand Learner to remember CO 3,
different equilibrium conditions of a the definition of meta CO 12
floating body. center and
Understand the
different equilibrium
equations for the
floating body.
17 Obtain an expression for the Understand Learner to CO 3,
hydrostatic force on a submerged remember the CO 12
curved surface. definition of meta
center and
Understand the
different equilibrium
equations for the
floating body.
18 Explain the concept of buoyancy Understand Learner to CO 3,
and stability of a floating body. remember the CO 12
definition of meta
center and
Understand the
different equilibrium
equations for the
floating body.
19 Briefly explain how the pressure Understand Learner to CO 3,
varies with temperature? remember the CO 12
definition of meta
center and
Understand the
different equilibrium
equations for the
floating body.
20 Explain the importance of Understand Learner to CO 3,
micromanometers in measuring the remember the CO 12
pressure of a liquid? definition of meta
center and
Understand the
different equilibrium
equations for the
floating body.
Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
1 Express pressure intensity of 75 kg / Understand Learner to CO 2,
cm2 in all pressure units. Take the remember the CO 3,
barometer reading as 76 cm of definition of pressure CO 12
mercury. and Understand the
appropriate formula
to obtain pressure
intensity.
2 A pipe contains carbon tetra chloride Understand Learner to CO 2,
of specific gravity 1.6 under a remember the CO 3,
pressure of 1.5 kg / cm2, and another definition of pressure CO 12
pipe contains oil of specific gravity and Understand the
0.6, and the pressure in the same appropriate formula
pipe is 2 kg/cm2, then find the to obtain pressure
difference between the levels of difference between
mercury. Assume the manometric two limbs.
liquid in U – tube manometer is
mercury.
3 If point A is 0.45 m below the Remember --- CO 2,
surface of the liquid of specific CO 3,
gravity 1, in the vessel. What is the CO 12
pressure at A, if a liquid of specific
gravity 1.5 raises 3.5 m in the tube?
4 An open tank contains 1 m deep Remember --- CO 2,
water with 50 cm depth of oil of CO 3,
specific gravity 0.8 above it. CO 12
Estimate the intensity of pressure at
the bottom of the tank?
5 A vertical rectangular plane surface Apply Learner to recall the CO 2,
is submerged in water such that its terms of total and CO 3,
top and bottom surfaces are 1.5 m center of pressure, CO 12
and 6.0 m respectively below the understand the
free surface. What will be the given problem
distance for the position of centre of statement and solve
pressure below the free surface? to determine the
point of application
of pressure.
6 A rectangular block 2 m long, 1 m Apply Learner to recall the CO 2,
wide and 1 m deep floats in water, concept of CO 3,
the depth of immersion being 0.5 m. Archimedes CO 12
If the water weighs 10 KN/m3, the principle,
determine the weight of wooden understand the
block? given problem
statement and solve
to determine the
weight of the
immersed object.
7 A single column manometer is Apply Learner to recall the CO 2,
connected to a pipe containing a concept of pressure, CO 3,
liquid specific gravity 0.9. Find the understand the CO 12
pressure in the pipe if the area of the given problem
reservoir is 100 times the area of the statement to solve the
tube for the manometer reading. appropriate formula
Assume the specific gravity is 13.6. to determine the
magnitude of
pressure.
8 A differential manometer is Apply Learner to recall the CO 2,
connected at two points for two concept of pressure, CO 3,
pipes A and B. The pipe A contains understand the CO 12
a liquid of specific gravity 1.5 while given problem
in pipe B the specific gravity of statement to solve the
liquid is 0.9. If the pressures in pipe magnitude of
 A and B are 1 kg / cm2 and 1.8 pressure using
kg/cm2 respectively. Find the differential
difference in mercury level of manometer.
differential manometer.
9 A tank contains water up to a height Apply Learner to recall the CO 2,
of 0.5 m above the base. An differences between CO 3,
immiscible liquid of specific gravity center of pressure, CO 12
0.8 is filled on the top of water up to total pressure,
1 m height. Calculate total pressure understand the
on one side of the tank and the given problem
position of centre of gravity for one statement to solve the
side of the tank, if the tank is 2 m magnitude.
wide.
10 A body of size 2.5 m long X 3 m Apply Learner to recall the CO 2,
wide X 1.2 m deep floats in water. concept of pressure, CO 3,
What is weight of the body if the understand the CO 12
depth of immersion is 0.5 m? Also given problem
determine, meta centric height for statement to solve the
the body. magnitude of
pressure using
differential
manometer.
MODULE – III

FLUID KINEMATICS

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Define rotational and irrotational Remember --- CO 4
flows.
2 State steady and unsteady flows. Remember --- CO 4
3 List out three – dimensional flows Remember --- CO 4
with example?
4 Define uniform and non-uniform Remember --- CO 4
flows.
5 Give the equation of motion for free Remember --- CO 4
vortex flow and force vortex flow?
6 Define laminar and turbulent flows. Remember --- CO 4
7 What is one dimensional flow with Remember --- CO 4
example?
8 Define the equation of continuity. Remember --- CO 4

9 What is vorticity? Remember --- CO 4

10 Define the terms vortex, free Remember --- CO 4
vortex flows and forced vortex
flows.

11 Define path line, stream line, stream Remember --- CO 5

tube and streak line.
12 What are streak lines? Remember --- CO 5
13 Define compressible and Remember --- CO 5
incompressible flows.
14 List out two – dimensional flows Remember --- CO 5
with example?
15 Mention one difference between Remember --- CO 5
streamline and path line.
16 Define the terms velocity potential Remember --- CO 5
and stream functions.
17 Give the relation between stream Remember --- CO 5
function and velocity potential
function?
CO 4,
18 What is flow net? Remember ---
CO 5
19 What is Euler’s equation of motion? Remember --- CO 4,
CO 5,
CO 12
20 Define laminar, turbulent and Remember --- CO 4,
transitional flows in a pipe. CO 5,
CO 12
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Derive the condition for irrotational Understand Learner to recall CO 4,
flow. Prove that for potential flow, definitions of CO 5
both the stream function and rotational flow and
velocity potential function must understand the
satisfy Laplace equation. relation between
velocity potential and
stream function.
2 Obtain an expression for continuity Remember --- CO 4,
equation for a three - dimensional CO 5
flow.
3 Show that in case of forced vortex Understand Learner to CO 4,
flow, the rise of liquid level at the remember the CO 5
ends is equal to the fall of liquid definition and types
level at the axis of rotation. of vortex flows,
Understand the
relation between rise
and fall of liquid.
4 What are the characteristics of Remember --- CO 4,
rotational and irrotational Flows? CO 5
Also distinguish with mathematical
expressions.
5 Bring out the mathematical and Remember --- CO 4,
physical distinction between CO 5
rotational and irrotational flows.
6 Describe the use and limitations of Remember --- CO 4,
flow nets. CO 5
7 Obtain an expression for continuity Remember --- CO 4,
equation for a 1-D Flow CO 5
8 Explain the following terms in brief: Remember --- CO 4,
a) Stream function CO 5
b) Velocity potential function
c) Circulation
d) Flow net
9 State the properties of stream Remember --- CO 4,
function and prove each one of CO 5
them.
10 Define Uniform and non- uniform, Remember --- CO 4,
Compressible and non- CO 5
compressible, ideal and non-ideal
fluids.

11 Draw the flow pattern of a non- ideal Understand Learner to CO 4,

fluid past a cylinder with rotation. remember the CO 5,
various types of flow CO 12
patterns and
Understand
behaviour of the fluid
for various types of
bodies.
12 What is irrotational Flow? Show that Understand Learner to CO 4,
in a Laplace equation is satisfied in remember the CO 5,
potential flows-stream function and concept of rotational CO 12
velocity potential function. flows and
Understand relation
between stream
function and velocity
potential.
13 Distinguish between following: Remember --- CO 4,
1. Rotational flow and irrotational CO 5,
flow CO 12
2. Streamlines and streak lines
3. Circulation and vorticity
14 What is continuity equation? Obtain Remember --- CO 4,
the continuity equations for multi/ CO 5
three dimensional flows.
15 What is a stream tube and explain Remember --- CO 4,
are its characteristics? CO 5
16 Define stream function and velocity Remember --- CO 4,
potential function. Show that the CO 5,
lines of constant stream function CO 12
and velocity potential function must
intersect orthogonally.
17 Explain continuity equation and Remember --- CO 4,
derive the continuity equation for CO 5,
one dimensional flow. CO 12
18 Explain the procedure for Remember --- CO 4,
determining the streak lines in a CO 5,
fluid flow and explain the CO 12
importance in determining the streak
lines.
19 What is a streamline and a streak Remember --- CO 4,
line? By justifying any one of the CO 5,
stream functions state its properties. CO 12
20. What is flow net? What are Remember --- CO 4,
advantages and limitations of flow CO 5,
net analysis? CO 12
 Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
1 Water flows through a pipe AB Apply Learner to recall the CO 4,
whose diameter is 2.5 m flows at a direction of flow and CO 12
velocity of 3.5 m/s and then pass discharge equation
through a pipe BC whose diameter for the given type of
is 3.2 m. At point C, pipe divides system, understand
into two branches CD and CE. If the the given problem
diameter of CD is 0.8 m and carries statement to solve
one third of the flow in AB and the hydraulic parameters
velocity in pipe CE is 2.5 m/s, of the flow like
determine the volume flow rate in velocity, acceleration
pipe AB, velocity in BC and the and pressure.
dimeter of CE.
2 A jet of water from a 35 mm Apply Learner to recall the CO 4,
diameter nozzle is directed vertically direction of flow and CO 12
upwards. Assuming that the jet discharge equation
remains circular and neglecting any for the given type of
loss of energy, that will be the system, understand
dimeter at a point of 4.5 m above the the given problem
nozzle, if the velocity with the jet statement to solve
leaves the nozzle is 12 m/s. hydraulic parameters
of the flow like
velocity, acceleration
and pressure.
3 In a free cylindrical vortex flows, at Apply Learner to recall the CO 4,
a point in the fluid at a radius of direction of flow and CO 12
200 mm and a height of 100 discharge equation
mm. The velocity and pressures for the given type of
are 10 m/s and 117.72 system, understand
KN/m2.find the pressure at a radius the given problem
of 400 mm and at a height of 200 statement to solve
mm. the fluid is air having density hydraulic parameters
equal to 1.24 kg/m3. of the flow like
velocity, acceleration
and pressure.
4 The velocity vector in a fluid flow is Apply Learner to recall the CO 5,
given as direction of flow and CO 12
V = 4x3i – 10x2yj + 2tk discharge equation
Find the velocity and acceleration of for the given type of
a fluid particle at (2,1,3) and time system, understand
t = 1. the given problem
statement to solve
hydraulic parameters
of the flow like
velocity, acceleration
and pressure.
5 A fluid flow is given by the Apply Learner to recall the CO 5,
following equation: direction of flow and CO 12
V = x2yi + y2zj – (2xyz + yz2) k discharge equation
Prove that it is a case of possible for the given type of
steady incompressible fluid flow. system, understand
Calculate the velocity and the given problem
acceleration at the point (2, 1, 3) statement to solve
hydraulic parameters
 of the flow like
velocity, acceleration
and pressure.

6 The velocity potential function is Remember --- CO 4,

given by φ = 5 (x2 – y2) CO 12
Calculate the velocity components at
the point (4, 5).
7 In a free cylindrical vortex flow of Remember --- CO 4,
water at a point at a radius of CO 12
150mm the velocity and pressure are
5 m/s and 14.715 N/cm2. Find the
pressure at a radius of 300 mm.
8 In a two-dimensional incompressible Remember --- CO 5,
flow, the fluid velocity components CO 12
are given by
U = x – 4y, and V = - y – 4x.
Show that velocity potential exists
and determine its form. Find also the
stream function.
9 The stream line function for a two - Remember --- CO 5,
dimensional flow is given by 2xy, CO 12
the velocity at a point (2.0,2.0) is?
The velocity of a fluid particle is
given as (in meters) V= 4x2ti-
5y2j+6ztk (where I,j and k are unit
vectors in x,y and z directions).
Determine, the resultant local
acceleration at the point (2,3,2)
10 A cylindrical vessel 12 cm in Remember --- CO 5,
diameter and 30 cm deep is filled CO 12
with water upto the top. The vessel
is open at the top. Find the quantity
of liquid left in the vessel, when it is
rotated about its vertical axis with a
speed of(a) 3000 r.p.m., and (b) 600
r.p.m.
MODULE – IV

FLUID DYNAMICS

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Name the different forces present in Remember --- CO 6
a fluid flow.
2 What is Euler’s equation of motion? Remember --- CO 6
3 Explain different types of pitot Remember --- CO 6
tubes.
4 Define an orifice meter. Remember --- CO 6

5 What is a pitot tube? Remember --- CO 6

6 Define moment of momentum Remember --- CO 6
 equation.

7 What are the different forms of Remember --- CO 6

energy in a flowing fluid?
8 What is a free jet of a liquid? Remember --- CO 6
9 Define continuity and Bernoulli’s Remember --- CO 6
equation.
10 What is Venturimeter. Remember --- CO 6
11 Define Total Energy line and Remember --- CO 6
Hydraulic Gradient line?
12 Define coefficient of discharge and Remember --- CO 6,
mention the limits of it for CO 7
Venturimeter and orificemeter.
CO 6,
13 Define coefficient of velocity Remember ---
CO 7
14 Give the Bernoulli’s equation in Remember --- CO 6,
Irrotational flow CO 7
15 Classify the notches based on Remember --- CO 6,
shape? CO 7
16 Define potential head, velocity Remember --- CO 6,
head, and datum head. CO 7
CO 6,
17 Define coefficient of contraction. Remember ---
CO 7
CO 6,
18 Define notches. Remember ---
CO 7
19 Give the Bernoulli’s equation with Remember --- CO 6,
head loss CO 7
20 What is a weir and what are its Remember --- CO 6,
types? CO 7
Part – B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Define the momentum of Understand Learner to CO 6,
momentum equation. What is the remember the CO 7
difference between momentum concept of
equation and impulse momentum momentum and
equation Understand
importance of
impulse momentum
equation.
2 How do you distinguish sharp Remember --- CO 6,
crested weir from a broad crested CO 7
weir? Derive the expression for
discharge over a sharp crested
rectangular weir?
3 Name the different forces present in Remember --- CO 6,
a fluid flow. For the Euler’s CO 7
equation of motion which forces are
taken into consideration?
4 What is Euler’s equation? How will Remember --- CO 6,
you obtain Bernoulli’s equation from CO 7
it.
5 Discuss the relative merits and Remember --- CO 6,
demerits of venturimeter with CO 7
respect to orifice meter.
6 What is the difference between the Understand Learner to CO 6,
pitot tube and pitot static tube? remember the CO 7
Derive an expression for velocity of applications of
a fluid flowing through pitot-tube? Bernoulli’s equation
and Understand the
working principle of
Pitot tube.
7 Differentiate between ideal and real Understand Learner to CO 6,
fluids. Derive Bernoulli’s equation remember the CO 7
for real fluids. concept of
momentum and
Understand the
differences between
momentum and
impulse momentum
equations.
8 Derive Euler’s equation of motion Understand Learner to CO 6,
along a stream line for an ideal fluid remember the CO 7
and clearly the assumptions. concept of law of
conservation of
energy and
Understand the
mechanism of stream
line.
9 Derive an expression for the Remember --- CO 6,
discharge over a rectangular notch. CO 7
10 Explain the principle of Understand Learner to CO 6,
Venturimeter with a neat sketch. remember the CO 7
Derive the expression rate of flow of applications of
fluid through it. Bernoulli’s equation
and Understand the
mechanism of
venturimeter.
11 State Bernoulli’s theorem. Mention Remember --- CO 6,
the assumptions made. How it is CO 7
classified while applying in
practice. List out engineering
applications
12 Derive the expression for discharge Remember --- CO 6,
over a trapezoidal notch. CO 7
13 Explain the Euler’s equation of Remember --- CO 6,
motion considering the forces. CO 7
14 Find an expression for discharge Remember --- CO 6,
over a triangular notch in terms of CO 7
head of liquid over crest of the notch
and the included angle.
15 State the advantages and Remember --- CO 6,
disadvantages between Venturimeter CO 7,
and orifice meter. CO 12
16 Show that the error in discharge due Remember --- CO 6,
to error in the instrument of head CO 7,
 over a rectangular notch or weir is CO 12
given by (dQ/Q)=1.5(dH/H)
17 Describe with the help of sketch the Remember --- CO 6,
construction, operation, and use of CO 7,
pitot- static tube. CO 12
18 Derive the expression for the Remember --- CO 6,
rectangular notch and mention its CO 7,
advantages and disadvantages CO 12
19 Derive the expression for discharge Remember --- CO 6,
through a Cipolletti weir. CO 7,
CO 12
20 Derive an expression for the Remember --- CO 6,
maximum discharge over a broad- CO 7,
crested weir? CO 12
Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
1 An oil of specific gravity 0.85 is Remember --- CO 6,
flowing steadily in a 25 cm CO 12
diameter pipe at a velocity of 5 m/s.
At points X and Y measurements of
pressure and elevation are 250
kN/m2 and 200 kN/m2 and 15 m and
20 m respectively. Find the loss
between two points.
2 A pipe of diameter 400 mm carries Understand Learner to CO 6,
water at a velocity of 25 m/s. The remember the CO 12
pressures at a point are given as applications of
29.43 N/cm2 and 22.563 N/cm2 Bernoulli’s equation
.while the datum head at A and B and Understand the
are 28 m and 30 m. Find the loss of mechanism of
head between A and B. venturimeter.
A horizontal Venturimeter with Understand Learner to CO 6,
3 inlet and throat and diameters 30 remember the CO 12
cm and 15 cm is used to measure applications of
the flow of water. The reading of Bernoulli’s equation
differential manometer connected to and Understand the
the inlet and the throat is 20 cm of mechanism of
mercury. Determine the rate of flow. venturimeter.
Take C d = 0.98.
4 At a certain location X of a pipe Understand Learner to CO 6,
line carrying water, the diameter is remember the CO 12
70 cm, the pressure is 200 kN/m2 applications of
and the average velocity is 6 m/s. Bernoulli’s equation
At another section Y which is 3 m and Understand the
higher than X, the diameter is 40 mechanism of
cm and the pressure is 120 kN/m2. venturimeter.
What is the direction of flow?
5 An oil of specific gravity 0.85 is Understand Learner to CO 6,
flowing steadily in a 25 cm remember the CO 12
diameter pipe at a velocity of 5 m/s. applications of
At points X and Y measurements of Bernoulli’s equation
pressure and elevation are 250 and Understand the
kN/m2 and 200 kN/m2 and 15 m and mechanism of
venturimeter.
 20 m respectively. Find the loss
between two points.
6 Water is flowing through a pipe Understand Learner to CO 7,
having diameter 300 mm and 200 remember the CO 12
mm at the bottom and upper end applications of
respectively. The intensity of Bernoulli’s equation
pressure at the bottom end is 24.525 and Understand the
N/cm2 mechanism of
and the pressure at the upper end is venturimeter.
9.81 N/cm2. Determine the
difference in datum head if the rate
of flow through pipe is 40 lit / s.
7 A 600 triangular notch with a Understand Learner to CO 7,
coefficient of discharge of 0.59 is remember the CO 12
placed at the downstream end of a applications of
channel carrying 0.02m3/s of water. Bernoulli’s equation
What will be the height above the and Understand the
base of notch? mechanism of
venturimeter.
8 A rectangular notch of width 0.5 m Understand Learner to CO 7,
and coefficient of discharge 0.62 is remember the CO 12
placed at the downstream end of a applications of
channel carrying 0.04 m3/s of water. Bernoulli’s equation
An error of 2.5 mm was made in and Understand the
measuring the head over the notch. mechanism of
Find the percentage error in the venturimeter.
discharge.
9 In a 100mm diameter horizontal Understand Learner to CO 7,
pipe a Venturimeter of 0.5 remember the CO 12
contraction ratio has been fixed the applications of
head of water on the meter when Bernoulli’s equation
there is no flow is 3m. Find the rate and Understand the
of flow for which the throat mechanism of
pressure will be 2m of water venturimeter.
absolute. Take atmospheric pressure
head= 10.3m of water. The
coefficient of meter is 0.97.
10 A rectangular notch of width 1.4 m Understand Learner to CO 7,
is fitted in the side of a tank of area remember the CO 12
8 m2. Find the time required to applications of
lower the water level from 8 m to 3 Bernoulli’s equation
m. The coefficient of discharge is and Understand the
0.2 mechanism of
venturimeter.
MODULE – V

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Define the term dimensional analysis Remember --- CO 8
and model analysis.
Discuss the difference between Remember --- CO 8
2 model and prototype with
examples of each.
3 Discuss fundamental and derived Remember --- CO 8
units. Give examples.
4 Explain the term “dimensionally Remember --- CO 8
homogeneous equation”.
5 Enumerate the method of analysis Remember --- CO 8
for dimensional quantities.
6 Define repeating variables with Remember --- CO 8
examples.
7 Express shear stress, poise and Remember --- CO 8
stokes in terms of basic fundamental
quantities.
8 Explain the term of Geometric Remember --- CO 8
similarity with formula.
9 Explain the term of Kinematic Remember --- CO 8
similarity with formula.
10 Explain the term of Dynamic Remember --- CO 9
similarity with formula.
11 Explain the term Distorted and Remember --- CO 9
Undistorted model.
12 State Buckingham’s π –theorem. Remember --- CO 9
13 Write the dimensional forms of Remember --- CO 9
velocity, acceleration, mass and
pressure.
14 Write the dimensional forms of Remember --- CO 10
kinematic viscosity and dynamic
viscosity.
15 Define Reynolds’s number, Weber Remember --- CO 10
number and Mach number in view
of dimensional numbers.
16 Define Froud’s number and Mach Remember --- CO 10
numbers in view of dimensional
numbers.
17 Explain the steps for writing the Remember --- CO 10
dimensional number.
18 Mention the advantages and Remember --- CO 10
disadvantages of dimensional
numbers.
19 What is length ratio, scale ratio and Remember --- CO 10
area ratio for dimensional
quantities?
20 Mention the assumptions made in Remember --- CO 10
Buckingham’s π –theorem.
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 What are the basic types of Remember --- CO 8,
fundamental quantities CO 9
2 Explain the different types of Remember --- CO 8,
hydraulic similarities that must exist CO 9
between a proto type and it’s model?
3 Explain the different laws on which Remember --- CO 8,
models are designed for dynamic CO 9
similarity?
4 Prove that ratio of inertia force to Remember --- CO 8,
viscous force gives the Reynold’s CO 9
number?
5 Enumerate significance of the non- Understand Learner to CO 8,
dimensional numbers: Reynold’s remember the CO 9
number, Froude number and mach various types of
number in the theory of dimensional numbers
similarity? and understand the
What is dimensional analysis? How relation between
is this analysis related to the theory model and prototype.
of similarity?
6. Explain the process of model testing Understand Learner to CO 8,
of partially sub–merged bodies? remember the CO 9
various types of
dimensional numbers
and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
7. Explain about the scale ratios for Understand Learner to CO 8,
distorted models. remember the CO 9
various types of
dimensional numbers
and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
8 Determine the dimensions of the Remember --- CO 8,
quantities given below : CO 9,
i. angular velocity CO 10
ii. angular acceleration
iii. discharge
iv. kinematic viscosity
v. force
vi. Specific weight.
9. Discuss the method of selecting Remember --- CO 8,
repeating variables. CO 9,
CO 10
10 Explain the procedure for solving Understand Learner to CO 8,
problems by Buckingham’s π remember the CO 9,
theorem. various methods of CO 10
dimensional analysis
and understand the
procedure for
Buckingham’s – Pi
theorem.
11 Determine the dimensions of the Understand Learner to CO 8,
given quantities; Discharge, Force, remember the CO 9,
Specific Weight, angular various types of CO 10
acceleration, dynamic viscosity, dimensional numbers
kinematic viscosity. and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
12 The time period of a pendulum Understand Learner to CO 8,
depends upon the length of the remember the CO 9,
pendulum, Acceleration due to various methods of CO 10
 gravity. Determine expression for dimensional analysis
time period using Buckingham’s π and understand the
theorem. procedure for
Buckingham’s – Pi
theorem.
13 Find an expression for the drag Understand Learner to CO 8,
force on smooth sphere of diameter remember the CO 9,
“D” with Uniform velocity “V” in a various types of CO 10
fluid of density and dynamic dimensional numbers
viscosity. and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
14 Efficiency of a fan depends upon Understand Learner to CO 8,
density, dynamic viscosity; angular remember the CO 9,
velocity; Diameter; discharge. various types of CO 10
Express efficiency in dimension less dimensional numbers
parameters. using Buckingham ’s π and understand the
theorem method. relation between
model and prototype.
15 Efficiency depends upon density, Understand Learner to CO 8,
dynamic viscosity; angular velocity; remember the CO 9,
Diameter discharge. Express in various types of CO 10
terms of dimensionless parameters dimensional numbers
using Buckingham’s π Theorem. and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
16 The pressure difference in a pipe Understand Learner to CO 8,
of diameter „D‟ and length „L‟ due remember the CO 9,
to turbulent Flow depends upon various methods of CO 10
velocity ;viscosity ;density; dimensional analysis
roughness using Buckhingam’s π and understand the
Theorem obtain expression for procedure for
pressure difference. Buckingham’s – Pi
theorem.
17 A pipe of diameter 1.5mts is Understand Learner to CO 8,
required to transport an oil of remember the CO 9,
specific gravity 0.90 and viscosity various types of CO 10
3X10-2 poise at a rate of 3000 dimensional numbers
litres/sec. Tests were conducted and understand the
on15cm diameter pipe using water relation between
at 200C.Find the velocity and rate of model and prototype.
flow in the Model. Viscosity of
water at 200 C is 0.01 poise.
18 Water is flowing through a pipe of Understand Learner to CO 8,
diameter 30cm pipe at velocity of remember the CO 9,
4m/sec. Find the velocity of oil various types of CO 10
flowing in another pipe of diameter dimensional numbers
10cm.If the condition of dynamic and understand the
similarity is satisfied between the relation between
two pipes. The viscosity of water model and prototype.
and oil is given as 0.01poise and
0.025 poise. Specific gravity of oil is
0.8.
19 The ratio of lengths of a Understand Learner to CO 8,
submarine and its model is 30:1. remember the CO 9,
The speed of Submarine is 10m/sec. various types of CO 10
The model is to be tested in a wind dimensional numbers
tunnel. Find the speed of air in and understand the
wind tunnel. Also determine the relation between
ratio of drag(resistance) model and prototype.
between the Model and its
prototype. Take the value of
kinematic viscosities for sea water
and air is given as 1030 kg/m3 and
1.24kg/m3 respectively.
20 A ship 300 m long moves in a sea Understand Learner to CO 8,
water whose density is 1030kg/ m. remember the CO 9,
1:100 Ratio of model is to be tested various types of CO 11
in a wind tunnel. The velocity of dimensional numbers
air in the wind Tunnel around the and understand the
model is 30m/sec and resistance of relation between
the model is 60N. Determine the model and prototype.
velocity of ship in sea water and
also the resistance of ship in sea
Water. The density of air is
1.24kg/m3 . Kinematic viscosity of
sea water and air Are 0.012 stokes
and 0.018 stokes respectively.

Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)

1 A pipe of diameter 1.8mts is Understand Learner to CO 8,
required to transport an oil of remember the CO 9,
specific gravity 0.92 and viscosity various types of CO 12
3.1X10-2 poise at a rate of 3050 dimensional numbers
litres / sec. Tests were conducted and understand the
on14cm diameter pipe using water at relation between
200C.Find the velocity and rate of model and prototype.
flow in the Model. Viscosity of
water at 200C is 0.01 poise.
2 The ratio of lengths of a submarine Understand Learner to CO 8,
and its model is 25:1. The speed of remember the CO 9,
Submarine is 18m/sec. The model is various types of CO 12
to be tested in a wind tunnel. Find dimensional numbers
the speed Of air in wind tunnel. Also and understand the
determine the ratio of rag(resistance) relation between
between the Model and its model and prototype.
prototype. Take the value of
kinematic viscosities for sea water
and air is given as 1030 kg/m3 and
1.24kg/m3 respectively.
3 Explain in detail about derivation of Understand Learner to CO 8,
Buckingham pi theorem. remember the CO 9,
various types of CO 12
dimensional numbers
and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
4 Determine the dimensions of the Understand Learner to CO 8,
quantities given below: remember the CO 9,
i) angular velocity various types of CO 12
ii) angular momentum dimensional numbers
iii) discharge and understand the
iv) kinematic viscosity relation between
v) force model and prototype.
vi) specific weight
vii) dynamic similarities formula
viii) geometric similarities
formula.
5 A ship 500 m long moves in a sea Understand Learner to CO 8,
water whose density is remember the CO 9,
1030kg/m3.1:100. Ratio of model is various types of CO 12
to be tested in a wind tunnel. The dimensional numbers
velocity of air in the wind Tunnel and understand the
around the model is 25m/sec and relation between
resistance of the model is 80N. model and prototype.
Determine the velocity of ship in sea
water and also the resistance of ship
in sea Water . The density of air is
1.24 kg/m3.Kinematic viscosity of
seawater and air Are 0.010 stokes
and 0.015 stokes respectively.
6 Explain the process of model testing Understand Learner to CO 10
of partially merged & sub–merged remember the CO 11
bodies? various types of CO 12
dimensional numbers
and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
7 Derive an expression for the drag Understand Learner to CO 10
force on smooth sphere of diameter remember the CO 11
“D” with Uniform velocity “V” in a various types of CO 12
fluid of density and dynamic dimensional numbers
viscosity. and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.
8 Water is flowing through a pipe of Understand Learner to CO 10
diameter 50cm pipe at velocity of remember the CO 11
5m/sec. Find the velocity of oil various types of CO 12
flowing in another pipe of diameter dimensional numbers
13cm. If the condition of dynamic and understand the
similarity is satisfied between the relation between
two pipes. The viscosity of water model and prototype.
and oil is given as 0.01poise and
0.025 poise. Specific gravity of oil is
0.81.
 9 Describe the Buckingham Pi Understand Learner to CO 10
theorem method for dimensional remember the CO 11
analysis& with example. various types of CO 12
dimensional numbers
and understand the
relation between
model and prototype.

Prepared by
Mr. Ch. V. S. S. Sudheer, Assistant Professor HOD, CE