SKAB 3022 INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT I

SEMESTER II SESSION 2020/2021

LECTURER:

IR AZHAR BIN AHMAD

DR WAN NUR FIRDAUS

DR KHAIRULZAN BIN YAHYA

EN KAMARUL AZLAN BIN MOHD NASIR

DR MOHD RIDZA BIN MOHD HANIFFAH

PREPARED BY: GROUP 1

NO GROUP MEMBERS MATRIC NUMBER
1 MOHAMAD AFIQ BIN ZAHID A18KA0061
2 NOR AQILAH BINTI NOR AZMAN A18KA0106
3 NASARUDIN BIN NOR ISKANDAR A18KA0101
4 WAN NUR ATIQAH BINTI ZULKIFLI A18KA0168
5 MUHAMAD AIZAT BIN BASIR A18KA0069
6 NUR AINAA AISYAH BINTI AZIZAN A18KA0114
7 MUHAMMAD HAKIM BIN ABDUL RAZAK A18KA0085
8 NURAFINA FARISA BINTI MOHD JANI A18KA0127
9 LIM WEI XIAN A18KA0056
10 YAP CHIAU MIN A18KA0169
TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Chapter 1: Company Profile…………………………………………………… 1

1.1 Company Background……………………………………………………. 2
1.2 Organization Chart………………………………………………….……. 3
1.3 Scope of Work……………………………………………………….…… 4
1.4 Grantt Chart ……………………………………………………….……… 5

2.0 Chapter 2: Project Profile……………………………………………………… 6

2.1 Project Description………………………………………………………. 7
2.2 Layout Plan….…………………………………………………………… 7

3.0 Chapter 3: Earthwork …………………………………………………………. 8

3.1 Earthwork……………………………………………………………….. 9
3.2 Proposed Level………………………………………………………….. 10
3.3 Cut and Fill………………………………………………………............. 12
3.3.1 Calculation………………………………………………………. 12
3.3.2 Procedure of Calculation Volume Cut and Fill…………………. 14
3.3.3 Cross Section……………………………………………………. 15
3.3.4 Cut and Fill Plan………………………………………………… 17
3.4 Slope Stability…………………………………………………………… 82
3.4.1 Bishop Simplified Method…………………………………….... 82
3.4.2 Bishop Method………………………………………………….. 83
3.4.3 Procedure Checking Slope Stability Using Bishop Simplified
Method…………………………………………………………... 85

4.0 Chapter 4: Cost Estimation…………………………………………………… 91

4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………… 92
4.1.1 Scope…………………………………………………………….. 93
4.1.2 Objective…………………………………………………………. 93
4.1.3 Earthwork Specification…………………………………………. 93
4.2 Grant chart……………………………………………………………….. 95
4.3 Cost of Earthwork Equipment and Operating…………………………… 96
4.4 Production Rate of Machineries………………………………………….. 100
4.5 Earthwork………………………………………………………………… 106
4.6 Initial Cost Estimation…………………………………………………… 108
4.6.1 Total Cost of Initial Cost Estimation……………………………. 152
4.6.2 Total Days of Initial Cost Estimation …………………………… 153
4.6.3 Grantt Chart Initial Cost Estimation…………………………….. 155
4.7 Value Engineering……………………………………………………….. 156
4.8 Final Cost Estimation …………………………………………………… 157
4.8.1 Total Cost of Final Cost Estimation.……………………………. 187
 4.8.2 Total Days of Final Cost Estimation.…………………………. 188
4.8.3 Grantt Chart Final Cost Estimation…………………………… 189
4.9 Bill of Quantity……………………………………………………….. 190
4.9.1 Bill of Quantity (Before) ……………………………………… 190
4.9.2 Bill of Quantity (After) ……………………………. …………. 193
4.10 Result After Reduction of 20% of Cost by the New Proposed Level …. 195
4.11 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….. 196
4.12 References…………………………………………………………….. 197

5.0 Chapter 5: Erosion & Sediment Control Planning…………………………. 198

5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………...... 199
5.2 Temporary Earth Drain………………………………………………… 200
5.2.1 Design Criteria…………………………………………………. 200
5.2.2 Results………………………………………………………….. 208
5.3 Erosion and Sediment Control…………………………………………. 210
5.3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………. 210
5.3.2 Soil Loss Estimation…………………………………………… 210
5.3.3 Sediment Yield Estimation…………………………………….. 217
5.4 Sediment Basin………………………………………………………… 221
5.4.1 Maintenance……………………………………………………… 222
5.5 Others…………………………………………………………………… 233
5.6 Appendix……………………………………………………………….. 234

6.0 Chapter 6: Water Reticulation……………………………………………… 235

6.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 236
6.2 Objectives……………………………………………………………… 237
6.3 Project Description……………………………………………………. 237
6.3.1 Project Background…………………………………………… 237
6.3.2 Site Condition………………………………………………… 237
6.4 Design Criteria Proposal……………………………………………… 240
6.4.1 Design Manuals and References……………………………… 240
6.4.2 Pipe Network System………………………………………… 240
6.4.3 Estimation of Water Demand………………………………… 242
6.4.4 Peak Flow Rates……………………………………………… 247
6.4.5 Fire Flow Rates…………………………………………….…. 249
6.4.6 Head Losses…………………………………………………… 252
6.4.7 Maximum Allowable Velocity………………………………… 252
6.4.8 Minimum Residual Pressure Head…………………………… 252
6.4.9 Design of Elevated Water Tank/ Storage Provision…………… 253
6.5 Analysis of Water Reticulation Network……………………………… 256
6.5.1 Software for the analysis of Water Reticulation Network: EPANET
program………………………………………………………….. 256
 6.5.2 Result of Computation Using EPANET Software……………… 257
6.5.3 Hardy Cross Method - MATLAB/OCTAVE Program………… 264
6.5.4 Hardy Cross Method - Microsoft Excel………………………… 266
6.6 Water Tank Design……………………………………………………… 273
6.7 Conclusion………………………………………………………………. 276

7.0 Chapter 7: Appendix…………………………………………………………… 277

 CHAPTER 1
COMPANY PROFILE

1
1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND

LWX Consultant Sdn. Bhd. was founded in 2008, specialized in many wide fields of civil
engineering. Our company was listed as a top leading engineering, construction and
infrastructure company in Malaysia. LWX Consultant Sdn. Bhd. has rapidly grown over the
years to become a market leader in the property development in Malaysia. We provide the
absolute finest engineering services such as earthwork, erosion and sediment control, water
reticulation and cost estimation. Our team aims to deliver user friendly development and
prioritize safety and sustainable construction.

Vision
“Be the world top trending company to provide the best services and safety in construction
that consumers are looking for.”

Mission
✓ Prioritize the best construction features in term of management, sustainability, identity
and quality development that fosters a competitive economy.
✓ Develop and maximize world-class construction technology.

Motto
“Visionary Development Leader”

2
1.2 ORGANIZATION CHART

3
1.3 SCOPE OF WORK

Position Scope of work

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Project Manager
Department of Earthwork
Department of Cost Estimation
Department of Water Reticulation
Department of Erosion & Sediment Control
Plan
• Making major decisions and manage
the overall operations.
• Ensure the project is completed on
time, on budget, and within scope.
• To investigate proposed area
• To identify ideal proposed level
• To determine the volume of cut and
fill
• Check slope stability
• Calculate total overall cost of project
• Choose suitable machinery
• Determine value of engineering
strategy
• Identify the capacity of storage water
tanks and flow rates in pipelines
• Determine pipe size for suitable
capacity
• To control runoff and sediment on site
• Design temporary drainage
• Design sediment basin

4
1.4 GANTT CHART

Work Schedule

NO Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Project Briefing
2 Poster Submition
3 Earthwork
- Site inventory and Proposed
level Planning
- Calculation cut and fill
- Slope Stability Analysis
4 Cost & Estimation
- Analysis of earthwork processes
- Operation planning
- List of machineries
- Calculation of operation
5 Water Reticulation
- Calculation of Water Demand
- Pipe Layout drawing
- Water Reticulation Design
- Water Tank Design
6 Erosion & Sedimentation
- Layout plan observation
- Proposed Catchment Area
- Catchment Layout Drawing
- Calculation of Drainage System
7 Report

IN PROGRESS
COMPLETED

5
 CHAPTER 2
PROJECT PROFILE

6
 2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This project needs us to develop a residential area at Mukim Pulai, Johor Darul
Ta’zim. The proposed development plant consists of housing area, kindergarten,
primary school, mosques and other types of structures including water tank and
reservoir. Soon, when the project done it will be equipped with a variety types of
infrastructure and facilities for be used by the residents. The main purpose for this
overall project development is to provide a residential area for the employees and
public nearby. The role of Mukim Pulai as Johor State New Administrative Centre
leads to this development project which can provide convenience to local people or
government servants. Apart from that, the project is also capable to produce a high-
quality neighborhood from the residential area. The project is estimated to complete
within a period of 4 years. All of the infrastructure that will be build are 202 acres of
area required.

2.2 LAYOUT PLAN

7
CHAPTER 3
EARTHWORK

8
3.1 INTRODUCTION OF EARTHWORK

Earthwork is the modifying of earth in order to make it suitable for construction.

Earthwork is generally done at the beginning of the construction process. Earthwork can be
used to reshape or heighten a site. The proposed level that has been determined at this stage
will have an impact on the determination of road level, sewerage gradient, and other
factors. The proposed levels of a construction site are decided by criteria such as the
reduced level of rivers and facilities, the economy, topography, and the client's
expectations. The volume difference between cut and fill should be minimal since disposal
or transportation of soil from one location to another will take a massive amount of time
and money. Earthwork is used to produce the best possible design that would offer the
most sustainable and cost-effective building. Earthwork is the most important activity in
construction because any other construction phase can begin only after the site preparation
is completed. The earthworks procedure involves excavating the existing land to a suitable
level so that development can proceed. The following is the earthwork process for this
project:

⚫ Excavation

⚫ Grading

⚫ Temporary shoring

⚫ Cut and fill

⚫ Compaction

⚫ Disposal

The following are the earthwork scopes of work:

⚫ Determination of proposed level

⚫ Cut and fill process by using grid method within the site boundary

⚫ Cross sections of the site plan after cut and fill works

⚫ Slope stability analysis by using bishop’s simplified method of slices

9
3.2 PROPOSED LEVEL

The proposed level was determined using the site's existing topography. The proposed
level for each zone was determined by the highest and lowest point of the zone, and the
formation level is generally the average reduced level of these particular points in order to
balance the cut and fill, which can reduce the overall cost of construction by reducing the
import of soil material.

First proposed level:

10
Second proposed level:

We had been requested by our client to lower the cost of project for about 15% to 20%.
Value engineering was used in the earthwork to reduce the project's cost. We try to keep
the difference between the original ground level and the suggested level as small as
possible. As a result, compared to the first trial of planned level, there will be less cut and
fill volume and less earthwork on the site, because the cost of excavation and shipping
soil is based on the volume of soil, m 3.

11
3.3 CUT AND FILL

The fundamental component of the earthwork construction is cut and fill, which involves
cutting the top soil and ground level that is higher than the desired ground level. At the
same time, the filling process raises ground levels that are lower than the desired level. The
suggested level was determined using the site's existing topography. The proposed level
for each zone was determined by the higher and lower points of the zone, and the
formation level is generally the average reduced level of these particular points in order to
balance the cut and fill, which can reduce the overall cost of construction by minimizing
the import of soil material.

3.3.1 Calculation

Because of its applicability and ease in computation, the grid method was used to
calculate the volume of cut and fill in our project. This method calculated cut and fill
volume based on the proposed level using the existing contour level. To avoid the
excessive cost of importing extra dirt from another location, keep the difference
between the volume of cut and fill within the range of 15%. The precision of the
contour and the size of the grids have the greatest impact on the Grid Method's
accuracy. With smaller grids, a more exact answer can be produced, but the calculation
time will undoubtedly increase. A grid of 30m x 30m is employed for our project.

Sample of Calculation for Area B-C/14-15

HB15 = 30.139 m HC15 = 28.000 m

15

30 m
PL = 27.000 m

30 m

14
HB14 = 30.374 m HC14 = 28.630 m

12

B C
 Area = 30 m × 30 m
= 900 m2

Proposed level = 27.000 m

Average height = HB14 + HC14 + HB15 + HC15

4
= 30.374 + 28.630 + 30.139 + 28.000
4
= 29.286 m

Difference height = Proposed level －Average height

= 27.000 －29.286
= - 2.286 m (cut)

Grid area factor = 0.6 (assumed)

Volume cut = Difference height × Area × Grid area factor

= - 2.286 m × 900 m2 × 0.6
= - 1234.305 m3

Trial First proposed level Second proposed level

Volume
Total cut volume 299583 224010
Total fill volume 185756 206302
Difference 113827.83 17708
Percentage (%) 38% 7.91%

13
3.3.2 Procedure of Calculation Volume Cut and Fill

Determine the grid size (30m x 30m)

Determine spot height of each corners of the grid and calculate

the average level for each grid.

Determine the formation level of each platform. Calculate the

cubic meters of cut or fill required in each grid cell

Add the individual Grid cell quantities together to arrive at

the total cut and total fill volume.

Draw cross section for soil profile

14
3.3.3 Cross Section

X X

15
Horizontal Cross Section ( Y-axis) : B-C/20-21 to Q-R/20-21

Vertical Cross Section ( X-axis) : F-G/2-3 to F-G/18-19

16
3.3.4 Cut and Fill Plan

Figure 2.3.4.a) : Cut and Fill

Plan

17
Figure 2.3.4.b): Cut and Fill
Plan with Proposed Level

18
 EXCEL SPREADSHEET

Grid Area Average Proposed Level Difference, Grid Area Volume, m3

Grid Points OGL Volume
m2 OGL Level ∆ Factor Cut Fill

K6 26.3
L6 25.6
K-L/6-7 900.000 25.9 26.2 0.3 1 290.03 290.03
K7 25.9
L7 25.8
K7 25.9
L7 25.8
K-L/7-8 900.000 26.3 26.2 -0.1 1 -77.85 77.85
K8 26.6
L8 26.9
K8 26.6
L8 26.9
K-L/8-9 900.000 26.2 26.2 0.0 1 5.40 5.40
K9 25.6
L9 25.7
K9 25.6
L9 25.7
K-L/9-10 900.000 25.8 26.2 0.4 1 395.10 395.10
K10 26.1
L10 25.7
K10 26.1

K-L/10- L10 25.7

900.000 25.8 26.2 0.4 1 345.15 345.15
11 K11 26.0
L11 25.5
K11 26.0

K-L/11- L11 25.5

900.000 25.4 26.2 0.8 1 742.50 742.50
12 K12 25.6
L12 24.4
K12 25.6

K-L/12- L12 24.4

900.000 25.3 26.2 0.9 1 836.33 836.33
13 K13 25.7
L13 25.4
K13 25.7

K-L/13- L13 25.4

900.000 25.7 26.2 0.5 1 437.85 437.85
14 K14 26.3
L14 25.5
L6 25.6
M6 25.2
L-M/6-7 900.000 25.0 26 1.0 1 939.15 939.15
L7 25.8
M7 23.3
L7 25.8
M7 23.3
L-M/7-8 900.000 25.4 26 0.6 1 496.80 496.80
L8 26.9
M8 25.8
L8 26.9
M8 25.8
L-M/8-9 900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 84.15 84.15
L9 25.7
M9 25.3

19
 L9 25.7
M9 25.3
L-M/9-10 900.000 25.3 26 0.7 1 589.72 589.72
L10 25.7
M10 24.8
L10 25.7

L-M/10- M10 24.8

900.000 25.1 26 0.9 1 824.18 824.18
11 L11 25.5
M11 24.4
L11 25.5

L-M/11- M11 24.4

900.000 24.9 26 1.1 1 974.70 974.70
12 L12 24.4
M12 25.3
L12 24.4

L-M/12- M12 25.3

900.000 25.1 26 0.9 1 792.90 792.90
13 L13 25.4
M13 25.3
L13 25.4

L-M/13- M13 25.3

900.000 25.5 26 0.5 1 457.65 457.65
14 L14 25.5
M14 25.8
M6 25.2
N6 25.4
M-N/6-7 900.000 24.8 26 1.2 1 1117.80 1117.80
M7 23.3
N7 25.1
M7 23.3
N7 25.1
M-N/7-8 900.000 24.9 26 1.1 1 1020.83 1020.83
M8 25.8
N8 25.2
M8 25.8
N8 25.2
M-N/8-9 900.000 25.4 26 0.6 1 550.35 550.35
M9 25.3
N9 25.3
M9 25.3
N9 25.3
M-N/9-10 900.000 25.1 26 0.9 1 775.35 775.35
M10 24.8
N10 25.2
M10 24.8

M-N/10- N10 25.2

900.000 25.0 26 1.0 1 940.73 940.73
11 M11 24.4
N11 25.5
M11 24.4

M-N/11- N11 25.5

900.000 25.3 26 0.7 1 630.23 630.23
12 M12 25.3
N12 26.0
M12 25.3

M-N/12- N12 26.0

900.000 25.5 26 0.5 1 409.28 409.28
13 M13 25.3
N13 25.5
M-N/13- 900.000 M13 25.3 25.4 26 0.6 1 504.45 504.45

20
 14 N13 25.5
M14 25.8
N14 25.2
N6 25.4
O6 25.4
N-O/6-7 900.000 25.2 26 0.8 1 713.03 713.03
N7 25.1
O7 24.9
N7 25.1
O7 24.9
N-O/7-8 900.000 25.3 26 0.7 1 656.55 656.55
N8 25.2
O8 25.9
N8 25.2
O8 25.9
N-O/8-9 900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 389.48 389.48
N9 25.3
O9 25.9
N9 25.3
O9 25.9
N-O/9-10 900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 350.77 350.77
N10 25.2
O10 26.0
N10 25.2

N-O/10- O10 26.0

900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 350.77 350.77
11 N11 25.5
O11 25.7
N11 25.5

N-0/11- O11 25.7

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 207.00 207.00
12 N12 26.0
O12 25.9
N12 26.0

N-0/12- O12 25.9

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 254.02 254.02
13 N13 25.5
O13 25.4
N13 25.5

N-O/13- O13 25.4

900.000 25.5 26 0.5 1 470.47 470.47
14 N14 25.2
O14 25.7
O6 25.4
P6 25.3
O-P/6-7 900.000 25.3 26 0.7 1 650.25 650.25
O7 24.9
P7 25.5
O7 24.9
P7 25.5
O-P/7-8 900.000 25.5 26 0.5 1 447.98 447.98
O8 25.9
P8 25.8
O8 25.9
P8 25.8
O-P/8-9 900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 132.30 132.30
O9 25.9
P9 25.9
O9 25.9
O-P/9-10 900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 45.00 45.00
P9 25.9

21
 O10 26.0
P10 26.0
O10 26.0

O-P/10- P10 26.0

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 235.12 235.12
11 O11 25.7
P11 25.2
O11 25.7

O-P/11- P11 25.2

900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 337.95 337.95
12 O12 25.9
P12 25.7
O12 25.9

O-P/12- P12 25.7

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 247.50 247.50
13 O13 25.4
P13 25.9
O13 25.4

O-P/13- P13 25.9

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 216.23 216.23
14 O14 25.7
P14 25.9
P6 25.3
Q6 23.8
P-Q/6-7 900.000 25.0 26 1.0 1 857.48 857.48
P7 25.5
Q7 25.6
P7 25.5
Q7 25.6
P-Q/7-8 900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 303.75 303.75
P8 25.8
Q8 25.8
P8 25.8
Q8 25.8
P-Q/8-9 900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 81.67 81.67
P9 25.9
Q9 26.1
P9 25.9
Q9 26.1
P-Q/9-10 900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 101.03 101.03
P10 26.0
Q10 25.5
P10 26.0

P-Q/10- Q10 25.5

900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 319.05 319.05
11 P11 25.2
Q11 25.9
P11 25.2

P-Q/11- Q11 25.9

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 267.98 267.98
12 P12 25.7
Q12 26.0
P12 25.7

P-Q/12- Q12 26.0

900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 66.82 66.82
13 P13 25.9
Q13 26.1
P13 25.9
P-Q/13- Q13 26.1
900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 74.70 74.70
14
P14 25.9

22
 Q14 25.7
Q6 23.8
R6 24.6
Q-R/6-7 900.000 24.8 26 1.2 1 1069.43 1069.43
Q7 25.6
R7 25.3
Q7 25.6
R7 25.3
Q-R/7-8 900.000 Q8 25.8 25.6 26 0.4 1 338.62 338.62
R8 25.9
Q8 25.8
R8 25.9
Q-R/8-9 900.000 Q9 26.1 25.9 26 0.1 1 73.80 73.80
R9 25.8
Q9 26.1
R9 25.8
Q-R/9-10 900.000 Q10 25.5 25.8 26 0.2 1 189.22 189.22

R10 25.7
Q10 25.5

Q-R/10- R10 25.7

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 231.08 231.08
11 Q11 25.9
R11 25.9
Q11 25.9

Q-R/11- R11 25.9

900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 40.72 40.72
12 Q12 26.0
R12 26.0
Q12 26.0

Q-R/12- R12 26.0

900.000 26.1 26 -0.1 1 -51.30 51.30
13 Q13 26.1
R13 26.1
Q13 26.1

Q-R/13- R13 26.1

900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 32.18 32.18
14 Q14 25.7
R14 25.9
R6 24.6
S6 25.3
R-S/6-7 900.000 25.0 26 1.0 1 893.02 893.02
R7 25.3
S7 24.9
R7 25.3
S7 24.9
R-S/7-8 900.000 25.4 26 0.6 1 555.75 555.75
R8 25.9
S8 25.5
R8 25.9
S8 25.5
R-S/8-9 900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 202.95 202.95
R9 25.8
S9 25.9
R9 25.8
S9 25.9
R-S/9-10 900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 193.72 193.72
R10 25.7
S10 25.7

23
 R10 25.7

R-S/10- S10 25.7

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 158.18 158.18
11 R11 25.9
S11 26.0
R11 25.9

R-S/11- S11 26.0

900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 33.53 33.53
12 R12 26.0
S12 26.0
R12 26.0

R-S/12- S12 26.0

900.000 26.1 26 -0.1 1 -117.90 117.90
13 R13 26.1
S13 26.4
R13 26.1

R-S/13- S13 26.4

900.000 26.1 26 -0.1 1 -97.42 97.42
14 R14 25.9
S14 25.9
S6 25.3
T6 25.6
S-T/6-7 900.000 25.2 26 0.8 1 680.40 680.40
S7 24.9
T7 25.2
S7 24.9
T7 25.2
S-T/7-8 900.000 25.2 26 0.8 1 750.38 750.38
S8 25.5
T8 25.0
S8 25.5
T8 25.0
S-T/8-9 900.000 25.4 26 0.6 1 502.43 502.43
S9 25.9
T9 25.3
S9 25.9
T9 25.3
S-T/9-10 900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 261.45 261.45
S10 25.7
T10 25.9
S10 25.7

S-T/10- T10 25.9

900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 126.45 126.45
11 S11 26.0
T11 25.9
S11 26.0

S-T/11- T11 25.9

900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 8.33 8.33
12 S12 26.0
T12 26.2
S12 26.0

S-T/12- T12 26.2

900.000 26.2 26 -0.2 1 -195.07 195.07
13 S13 26.4
T13 26.3
S13 26.4
S-T/13- T13 26.3
900.000 26.2 26 -0.2 1 -191.25 191.25
14 S14 25.9
T14 26.2
T-U/6-7 900.000 T6 25.6 25.5 26 0.5 1 471.83 471.83

24
 U6 25.4
T7 25.2
U7 25.7
T7 25.2
U7 25.7
T-U/7-8 900.000 25.5 26 0.5 1 471.38 471.38
T8 25.0
U8 26.0
T8 25.0
U8 26.0
T-U/8-9 900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 363.15 363.15
T9 25.3
U9 26.0
T9 25.3
U9 26.0
T-U/9-10 900.000 25.0 26 1.0 1 894.38 894.38
T10 25.9
U10 22.8
T10 25.9

T-U/10- U10 22.8

900.000 25.3 26 0.7 1 643.27 643.27
11 T11 25.9
U11 26.6
T11 25.9

T-U/11- U11 26.6

900.000 26.3 26 -0.3 0.8 -211.32 211.32
12 T12 26.2
U12 26.5
T12 26.2

T-U/12- U12 26.5

900.000 26.4 26 -0.4 0.3 -108.47 108.47
13 T13 26.3
U13 26.6
T13 26.3

T-U/13- U13 26.6

900.000 26.4 26 -0.4 0.1 -36.74 36.74
14 T14 26.2
U14 26.6
U6 25.4
V6 25.6
U-V/6-7 900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 254.25 254.25
U7 25.7
V7 26.1
U7 25.7
V7 26.1
U-V/7-8 900.000 26.0 26 0.0 0.8 30.96 30.96
U8 26.0
V8 26.1
U8 26.0
V8 26.1
U-V/8-9 900.000 26.1 26 -0.1 0.4 -49.23 49.23
U9 26.0
V9 26.5
V6 25.6
W6 25.7
V-W/6-7 900.000 25.9 26 0.1 0.1 12.42 12.42
V7 26.1
W7 26.0

L-M/14- L14 25.5

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 267.98 267.98
15
M14 25.8

25
 L15 25.8
M15 25.8
L15 25.8

L-M/15- M15 25.8

900.000 25.0 26 1.0 1 909.22 909.22
16 L16 25.5
M16 22.9
L16 25.5

L-M/16- M16 22.9

900.000 24.2 27 2.8 1 2492.55 2492.55
17 L17 25.2
M17 23.3
L17 25.2

L-M/17- M17 23.3

900.000 24.9 27 2.1 1 1910.48 1910.48
18 L18 25.5
M18 25.5
L18 25.5

L-M/18- M18 25.5

900.000 25.0 27 2.0 1 1809.23 1809.23
19 L19 25.9
M19 23.1
L19 25.9

L-M/19- M19 23.1

900.000 24.8 27 2.2 1 1990.13 1990.13
20 L20 26.3
M20 23.8
L20 26.3

L-M/20- M20 23.8

900.000 25.5 27 1.5 1 1311.30 1311.30
21 L21 28.0
M21 24.0
L21 28.0

L-M/21- M21 24.0

900.000 26.8 27 0.2 1 210.38 210.38
22 L22 27.3
M22 27.8
L22 27.3

L-M/22- M22 27.8

900.000 27.2 27 -0.2 1 -164.47 164.47
23 L23 26.6
M23 27.1
M14 25.8

M-N/14- N14 25.2

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 296.32 296.32
15 M15 25.8
N15 26.0
M15 25.8

M-N/15- N15 26.0

900.000 25.1 26 0.9 1 837.00 837.00
16 M16 22.9
N16 25.6
M16 22.9

M-N/16- N16 25.6

900.000 24.3 26 1.7 1 1485.90 1485.90
17 M17 23.3
N17 25.6
M17 23.3
M-N/17- N17 25.6
900.000 25.0 26.2 1.2 1 1121.40 1121.40
18
M18 25.5

26
 N18 25.5
M18 25.5
N18 25.5
M-N/18-
900.000 M19 23.1 24.9 26.2 1.3 1 1163.70 1163.70
19
N19 25.6
M19 23.1
N19 25.6
M-N/19-
900.000 M20 23.8 24.7 27 2.3 1 2071.13 2071.13
20
N20 26.3
M20 23.8

M-N/20- N20 26.3

900.000 24.6 27 2.4 1 2168.78 2168.78
21 M21 24.0
N21 24.2
M21 24.0

M-N/21- N21 24.2

900.000 25.5 27 1.5 1 1390.73 1390.73
22 M22 27.8
N22 25.8
M22 27.8

M-N/22- N22 25.8

900.000 27.2 27 -0.2 1 -173.70 173.70
23 M23 27.1
N23 28.1
N14 25.2
O14 25.7
N-O/14-
900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 301.28 301.28
15 N15 26.0
O15 25.7
N15 26.0

N-O/15- O15 25.7

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 193.05 193.05
16 N16 25.6
O16 25.8
N16 25.6
O16 25.8
N-O/16-
900.000 N17 25.6 25.7 26 0.3 1 284.63 284.63
17
O17 25.8
N17 25.6

N-O/17- O17 25.8

900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 342.67 342.67
18 N18 25.5
O18 25.7
N18 25.5

N-O/18- O18 25.7

900.000 25.7 26.2 0.5 1 463.27 463.27
19 N19 25.6
O19 26.0
N19 25.6
O19 26.0
N-O/19-
900.000 N20 26.3 25.6 26.2 0.6 1 505.80 505.80
20
O20 24.7
N20 26.3

N-O/20- O20 24.7

900.000 25.3 27 1.7 1 1492.65 1492.65
21 N21 24.2
O21 26.2

27
 N21 24.2

N-O/21- O21 26.2

900.000 25.7 27 1.3 1 1129.05 1129.05
22 N22 25.8
O22 26.8
N22 25.8

N-O/22- O22 26.8

900.000 26.9 27 0.1 1 101.93 -101.93
23 N23 28.1
O23 26.9
O14 25.7

O-P/14- P14 25.9

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 177.98 177.98
15 O15 25.7
P15 25.8
O15 25.7

O-P/15- P15 25.8

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 201.83 201.83
16 O16 25.8
P16 25.8
O16 25.8

O-P/16- P16 25.8

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 221.85 221.85
17 O17 25.8
P17 25.7
O17 25.8

O-P/17- P17 25.7

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 234.90 234.90
18 O18 25.7
P18 25.8
O18 25.7

O-P/18- P18 25.8

900.000 25.9 26 0.1 1 118.35 118.35
19 O19 26.0
P19 25.9
O19 26.0

O-P/19- P19 25.9

900.000 25.2 25.5 0.3 1 291.82 -291.82
20 O20 24.7
P20 24.1
O20 24.7

O-P/20- P20 24.1

900.000 25.3 26.2 0.9 1 841.50 841.50
21 O21 26.2
P21 26.1
O21 26.2

O-P/21- P21 26.1

900.000 26.5 26.2 -0.3 1 -241.65 241.65
22 O22 26.8
P22 26.8
O22 26.8

O-P/22- P22 26.8

900.000 26.8 27 0.2 1 135.67 -135.67
23 O23 26.9
P23 27.0
P14 25.9

P-Q/14- Q14 25.7

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 216.45 216.45
15 P15 25.8
Q15 25.6
P-Q/15- 900.000 P15 25.8 25.7 26 0.3 1 253.35 253.35

28
 16 Q15 25.6
P16 25.8
Q16 25.7
P16 25.8

P-Q/16- Q16 25.7

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 274.95 274.95
17 P17 25.7
Q17 25.6
P17 25.7

P-Q/17- Q17 25.6

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 300.15 300.15
18 P18 25.8
Q18 25.6
P18 25.8

P-Q/18- Q18 25.6

900.000 25.8 25.5 -0.3 1 -251.10 251.10
19 P19 25.9
Q19 25.8
P19 25.9

P-Q/19- Q19 25.8

900.000 25.5 25.5 0.0 1 -16.87 16.87
20 P20 24.1
Q20 26.3
P20 24.1

P-Q/20- Q20 26.3

900.000 25.8 25.5 -0.3 1 -283.72 283.72
21 P21 26.1
Q21 26.8
P21 26.1

P-Q/21- Q21 26.8

900.000 25.9 25.5 -0.4 1 -363.60 363.60
22 P22 26.8
Q22 23.9
P22 26.8

P-Q/22- Q22 23.9

900.000 25.4 26.2 0.8 1 736.87 736.87
23 P23 27.0
Q23 23.8
Q14 25.7

Q-R/14- R14 25.9

900.000 25.8 26 0.2 1 211.27 211.27
15 Q15 25.6
R15 25.8
Q15 25.6

Q-R/15- R15 25.8

900.000 25.7 26 0.3 1 226.57 226.57
16 Q16 25.7
R16 25.9
Q16 25.7

Q-R/16- R16 25.9

900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 347.85 347.85
17 Q17 25.6
R17 25.3
Q17 25.6

Q-R/17- R17 25.3

900.000 25.6 26 0.4 1 401.18 401.18
18 Q18 25.6
R18 25.8
Q-R/18- Q18 25.6
900.000 25.8 25.5 -0.3 1 -228.82 228.82
19 R18 25.8

29
 Q19 25.8
R19 25.9
Q19 25.8

Q-R/19- R19 25.9

900.000 26.0 25.5 -0.5 1 -478.58 478.58
20 Q20 26.3
R20 26.2
Q20 26.3

Q-R/20- R20 26.2

900.000 26.5 25.5 -1.0 1 -878.18 878.18
21 Q21 26.8
R21 26.7
Q21 26.8

Q-R/21- R21 26.7

900.000 25.9 25.5 -0.4 1 -392.40 392.40
22 Q22 23.9
R22 26.4
Q22 23.9

Q-R/22- R22 26.4

900.000 25.1 25.5 0.4 1 317.25 -317.25
23 Q23 23.8
R23 26.5
R14 25.9

R-S/14- S14 25.9

900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 40.50 40.50
15 R15 25.8
S15 26.1
R15 25.8

R-S/15- S15 26.1

900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 -31.95 31.95
16 R16 25.9
S16 26.3
R16 25.9

R-S/16- S16 26.3

900.000 26.0 26 0.0 1 43.88 43.88
17 R17 25.3
S17 26.4
R17 25.3

R-S/17- S17 26.4

900.000 26.1 26 -0.1 1 -77.62 77.62
18 R18 25.8
S18 27.0
R18 25.8

R-S/18- S18 27.0

900.000 26.4 25.5 -0.9 1 -810.68 810.68
19 R19 25.9
S19 27.0
R19 25.9

R-S/19- S19 27.0

900.000 26.6 25.5 -1.1 1 -963.00 963.00
20 R20 26.2
S20 27.2
R20 26.2

R-S/20- S20 27.2

900.000 26.9 25.5 -1.4 0.8 -990.36 990.36
21 R21 26.7
S21 27.4
R21 26.7
R-S/21- S21 27.4
900.000 27.0 25.5 -1.5 0.7 -967.99 967.99
22
R22 26.4

30
 S22 27.7
R22 26.4

R-S/22- S22 27.7

900.000 27.1 25.5 -1.6 0.5 -700.87 700.87
23 R23 26.5
S23 27.7
S14 25.9

S-T/14- T14 26.2

900.000 26.2 26 -0.2 1 -142.20 142.20
15 S15 26.1
T15 26.4
S15 26.1

S-T/15- T15 26.4

900.000 26.5 26 -0.5 1 -455.40 455.40
16 S16 26.3
T16 27.2
S16 26.3

S-T/16- T16 27.2

900.000 26.6 26 -0.6 0.8 -430.38 430.38
17 S17 26.4
T17 26.5
S17 26.4

S-T/17- T17 26.5

900.000 26.6 26 -0.6 0.4 -219.69 219.69
18 S18 27.0
T18 26.6
TOTAL 9553.14 62418.78
:

Grid Volume, m3
Grid Area Average Proposed Level
Grid Points OGL Area Volume
m2 OGL Level Difference, ∆ Cut Fill
Factor
A14 29.835
B14 30.374
B15 30.139 0.0000
A-B/14-15 379.827 30.256 27.000 -3.256 0.00 0.000 0.000
A15 30.677
B14 30.374
C14 28.630 -
B-C/14-15 900.000 29.286 27.000 -2.286 0.60 1234.305
C15 28.000 1234.305

B15 30.139
C14 28.630
D14 28.426 -
C-D/14-15 900.000 28.367 27.000 -1.367 1.00 1229.850
D15 28.410 1229.850

C15 28.000
D14 28.426
E14 28.034 -
D-E/14-15 900.000 28.206 27.000 -1.206 1.00 1085.625
E15 27.955 1085.625

D15 28.410
E14 28.034
F14 28.073
E-F/14-15 900.000 27.753 27.000 -0.753 1.00 -677.700 677.700
F15 26.950
E15 27.955
F-G/14-15 900.000 F14 28.034 27.478 27.000 -0.478 1.00 -430.425 430.425

31
 G14 27.947
G15 26.982
F15 26.950
G14 27.947
H14 28.200
G-H/14-15 900.000 27.646 27.000 -0.646 1.00 -581.400 581.400
H15 27.455
G15 26.982
H14 28.200
I14 27.693
H-I/14-15 900.000 27.864 27.000 -0.864 1.00 -777.825 777.825
I15 28.109
H15 27.455
I14 27.693
J14 28.109
I-J/14-15 900.000 27.808 27.000 -0.808 1.00 -727.425 727.425
J15 27.322
I15 28.109
J14 28.109
K14 26.258
J-K/14-15 900.000 27.136 27.000 -0.136 1.00 -122.175 122.175
K15 26.854
J15 27.322
K14 26.258
L14 25.500
K-L/14-15 900.000 26.103 27.000 0.897 0.10 80.730 0.000 80.730
L15 25.800
K15 26.854
A15 30.677
B15 30.139
A-B/15-16 379.827 30.383 27.000 -3.383 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
B16 30.322
A16 30.393
B15 30.139
C15 28.000 -
B-C/15-16 900.000 29.403 27.000 -2.403 0.60 1297.755
C16 29.152 1297.755
B16 30.322
C15 28.000
D15 28.410 -
C-D/15-16 900.000 28.286 27.000 -1.286 1.00 1157.400
D16 27.582 1157.400
C16 29.152
D15 28.410
E15 27.955
D-E/15-16 900.000 27.930 27.000 -0.929 1.00 -836.550 836.550
E16 27.771
D16 27.582
E15 27.955
F15 26.950
E-F/15-16 900.000 27.375 27.000 -0.375 1.00 -337.050 337.050
F16 26.822
E16 27.771
F15 26.950
G15 26.982
F-G/15-16 900.000 26.886 27.000 0.115 1.00 103.050 0.000 103.050
G16 26.788
F16 26.822
G15 26.982
G-H/15-16 900.000 27.111 27.000 -0.111 1.00 -100.125 100.125
H15 27.455

32
 H16 27.220
G16 26.788
H15 27.455
I15 28.109
H-I/15-16 900.000 27.570 27.000 -0.570 1.00 -513.000 513.000
I16 27.496
H16 27.220
I15 28.109
J15 27.322
I-J/15-16 900.000 27.717 27.000 -0.717 1.00 -644.850 644.850
J16 27.939
I16 27.496
J15 27.322
K15 26.854
J-K/15-16 900.000 27.404 27.000 -0.404 1.00 -363.375 363.375
K16 27.500
J16 27.939
K15 26.854
L15 25.800
K-L/15-16 900.000 26.414 27.000 0.587 0.40 211.140 0.000 211.140
L16 25.500
K16 27.500
A16 30.393
B16 30.322
A-B/16-17 379.827 30.623 27.000 -3.623 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
B17 30.420
A17 31.357
B16 30.322
C16 29.152 -
B-C/16-17 900.000 29.871 27.000 -2.871 0.50 1291.725
C17 29.588 1291.725
B17 30.420
C16 29.152
D16 27.582 -
C-D/16-17 900.000 28.559 27.000 -1.559 1.00 1403.100
D17 27.914 1403.100
C17 29.588
D16 27.582
E16 27.771
D-E/16-17 900.000 27.701 27.000 -0.701 1.00 -630.900 630.900
E17 27.537
D17 27.914
E16 27.771
F16 26.822
E-F/16-17 900.000 27.457 27.000 -0.457 1.00 -411.075 411.075
F17 27.697
E17 27.537
F16 26.822
G16 26.788
F-G/16-17 900.000 27.068 27.000 -0.068 1.00 -60.975 60.975
G17 26.964
F17 27.697
G16 26.788
H16 27.220
G-H/16-17 900.000 27.021 27.000 -0.020 1.00 -18.450 18.450
H17 27.110
G17 26.964
H16 27.220
H-I/16-17 900.000 I16 27.496 27.350 27.000 -0.350 1.00 -315.225 315.225
I17 27.575

33
 H17 27.110
I16 27.496
J16 27.939
I-J/16-17 900.000 27.465 27.000 -0.465 1.00 -418.500 418.500
J17 26.850
I17 27.575
J16 27.939
K16 27.500
J-K/16-17 900.000 27.293 27.000 -0.293 1.00 -263.700 263.700
K17 26.883
J17 26.850
K16 27.500
L16 25.500
K-L/16-17 900.000 26.274 27.000 0.727 0.80 523.080 0.000 523.080
L17 25.211
K17 26.883
A17 31.357
B17 30.420
A-B/17-18 379.827 31.349 27.000 -4.349 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
B18 31.816
A18 31.801
B17 30.420
C17 29.588
- 1506.150
B-C/17-18 900.000 C18 29.564 30.347 27.000 -3.347 0.50
1506.150
B18 31.816
C17 29.588
D17 27.914
- 1535.625
C-D/17-18 900.000 D18 27.759 28.706 27.000 -1.706 1.00
1535.625
C18 29.564
D17 27.914
E17 27.537
D-E/17-18 900.000 27.604 27.000 -0.604 1.00 -543.825 543.825
E18 27.207
D18 27.759
E17 27.537
F17 27.697
E-F/17-18 900.000 27.490 27.000 -0.490 1.00 -440.775 440.775
F18 27.518
E18 27.207
F17 27.697
G17 26.964
F-G/17-18 900.000 27.328 27.000 -0.328 1.00 -295.200 295.200
G18 27.133
F18 27.518
G17 26.964
H17 27.110
G-H/17-18 900.000 27.052 27.000 -0.052 1.00 -47.025 47.025
H18 27.002
G18 27.133
H17 27.110
I17 27.575
H-I/17-18 900.000 27.201 27.000 -0.201 1.00 -180.900 180.900
I18 27.117
H18 27.002
I17 27.575
J17 26.850
I-J/17-18 900.000 27.003 27.000 -0.003 1.00 -2.250 2.250
J18 26.468
I18 27.117

34
 J17 26.850
K17 26.883
J-K/17-18 900.000 26.666 27.000 0.334 1.00 300.375 0.000 300.375
K18 26.464
J18 26.468
K17 26.883
L17 25.211
K-L/17-18 900.000 26.010 27.000 0.990 1.00 890.775 0.000 890.775
L18 25.483
K18 26.464
A18 31.801
B18 31.816
A-B/18-19 379.827 31.767 27.000 -4.767 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
B19 31.120
A19 32.332
B18 31.816
C18 29.564 -
B-C/18-19 900.000 30.358 27.000 -3.358 0.50 1510.988
C19 28.931 1510.988
B19 31.120
C18 29.564
D18 27.759 -
C-D/18-19 900.000 28.480 27.000 -1.480 1.00 1332.225
D19 27.667 1332.225
C19 28.931
D18 27.759
E18 27.207
D-E/18-19 900.000 27.524 27.000 -0.523 1.00 -471.150 471.150
E19 27.461
D19 27.667
E18 27.207
F18 27.518
E-F/18-19 900.000 27.375 27.000 -0.375 1.00 -337.500 337.500
F19 27.314
E19 27.461
F18 27.518
G18 27.133
F-G/18-19 900.000 27.320 27.000 -0.320 1.00 -287.775 287.775
G19 27.314
F19 27.314
G18 27.133
H18 27.002
G-H/18-19 900.000 27.146 27.000 -0.146 1.00 -131.400 131.400
H19 27.135
G19 27.314
H18 27.002
I18 27.117
H-I/18-19 900.000 26.959 27.000 0.041 1.00 37.125 0.000 37.125
I19 26.581
H19 27.135
I18 27.117
J18 26.468
I-J/18-19 900.000 26.563 27.000 0.437 1.00 393.525 0.000 393.525
J19 26.085
I19 26.581
J18 26.468
K18 26.464
J-K/18-19 900.000 26.388 27.000 0.612 1.00 550.800 0.000 550.800
K19 26.535
J19 26.085
K-L/18-19 900.000 K18 26.464 26.091 27.000 0.910 1.00 818.550 0.000 818.550

35
 L18 25.483
L19 25.880
K19 26.535
A19 32.332
B19 31.120
A-B/19-20 379.827 31.951 27.000 -4.951 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
B20 31.696
A20 32.655
B19 31.120
C19 28.931 -
B-C/19-20 900.000 30.024 27.000 -3.024 0.50 1360.800
C20 28.349 1360.800
B20 31.696
C19 28.931
D19 27.667 -
C-D/19-20 900.000 28.136 27.000 -1.136 1.00 1022.625
D20 27.598 1022.625
C20 28.349
D19 27.667
E19 27.461
D-E/19-20 900.000 27.569 27.000 -0.569 1.00 -512.100 512.100
E20 27.550
D20 27.598
E19 27.461
F19 27.314
E-F/19-20 900.000 27.446 27.000 -0.446 1.00 -401.175 401.175
F20 27.458
E20 27.550
F19 27.314
G19 27.314
F-G/19-20 900.000 27.337 27.000 -0.337 1.00 -303.075 303.075
G20 27.261
F20 27.458
G19 27.314
H19 27.135
G-H/19-20 900.000 27.203 27.000 -0.203 1.00 -182.700 182.700
H20 27.102
G20 27.261
H19 27.135
I19 26.581
H-I/19-20 900.000 26.855 27.000 0.145 1.00 130.725 0.000 130.725
I20 26.601
H20 27.102
I19 26.581
J19 26.085
I-J/19-20 900.000 26.416 27.000 0.584 1.00 525.600 0.000 525.600
J20 26.397
I20 26.601
J19 26.085
K19 26.535
J-K/19-20 900.000 26.368 27.000 0.633 1.00 569.250 0.000 569.250
K20 26.453
J20 26.397
K19 26.535
L19 25.880
K-L/19-20 900.000 26.302 27.000 0.698 1.00 627.975 0.000 627.975
L20 26.341
K20 26.453
A20 32.655
A-B/20-21 379.827 32.661 27.000 -5.661 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
B20 31.696

36
 B21 32.635
A21 33.659
B20 31.696
C20 28.349 -
B-C/20-21 900.000 30.215 27.000 -3.215 0.40 1157.220
C21 28.178 1157.220
B21 32.635
C20 28.349
D20 27.598
C-D/20-21 900.000 27.946 27.000 -0.946 1.00 -851.625 851.625
D21 27.660
C21 28.178
D20 27.598
E20 27.550
D-E/20-21 900.000 27.479 27.000 -0.479 1.00 -430.875 430.875
E21 27.107
D21 27.660
E20 27.550
F20 27.458
E-F/20-21 900.000 27.224 27.000 -0.223 1.00 -201.150 201.150
F21 26.779
E21 27.107
F20 27.458
G20 27.261
F-G/20-21 900.000 27.164 27.000 -0.164 1.00 -147.825 147.825
G21 27.159
F21 26.779
G20 27.261
H20 27.102
G-H/20-21 900.000 27.270 27.000 -0.270 1.00 -243.000 243.000
H21 27.558
G21 27.159
H20 27.102
I20 26.601
H-I/20-21 900.000 27.183 27.000 -0.183 1.00 -164.700 164.700
I21 27.471
H21 27.558
I20 26.601
J20 26.397
I-J/20-21 900.000 26.761 27.000 0.239 1.00 214.875 0.000 214.875
J21 26.576
I21 27.471
J20 26.397
K20 26.690
J-K/20-21 900.000 26.529 27.000 0.471 1.00 423.900 0.000 423.900
K21 26.453
J21 26.576
K20 26.690
L20 26.341
K-L/20-21 900.000 26.867 27.000 0.133 1.00 119.700 0.000 119.700
L21 27.984
K21 26.453
A21 33.659
B21 32.635
A-B/21-22 379.827 33.192 27.000 -6.192 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
B22 32.724
A22 33.749
B21 32.635
C21 28.178 - 1085.805
B-C/21-22 900.000 30.447 27.000 -3.447 0.35
1085.805
C22 28.251

37
 B22 32.724
C21 28.178
D21 27.660
C-D/21-22 900.000 27.974 27.000 -0.974 1.00 -876.375 876.375
D22 27.806
C22 28.251
D21 27.660
E21 27.107
D-E/21-22 900.000 27.538 27.000 -0.537 1.00 -483.750 483.750
E22 27.577
D22 27.806
E21 27.107
F21 26.779
E-F/21-22 900.000 27.253 27.000 -0.253 1.00 -227.700 227.700
F22 27.549
E22 27.577
F21 26.779
G21 27.159
F-G/21-22 900.000 27.182 27.000 -0.182 1.00 -163.575 163.575
G22 27.240
F22 27.549
G21 27.159
H21 27.558
G-H/21-22 900.000 27.440 27.000 -0.439 1.00 -395.550 395.550
H22 27.801
G22 27.240
H21 27.558
I21 27.471
H-I/21-22 900.000 27.651 27.000 -0.651 1.00 -585.675 585.675
I22 27.773
H22 27.801
I21 27.471
J21 26.576
I-J/21-22 900.000 27.182 27.000 -0.182 1.00 -163.575 163.575
J22 26.907
I22 27.773
J21 26.576
K21 26.453
J-K/21-22 900.000 26.660 27.000 0.341 1.00 306.450 0.000 306.450
K22 26.702
J22 26.907
K21 26.453
L21 27.984
K-L/21-22 900.000 27.110 27.000 -0.110 1.00 -99.000 99.000
L22 27.301
K22 26.702
B22 32.724
C22 28.251
B-C/22-23 900.000 30.539 27.000 -3.539 0.30 -955.530 955.530
C23 28.216
B23 32.965
C22 28.251
D22 27.806
C-D/22-23 900.000 27.995 27.000 -0.995 1.00 -895.500 895.500
D23 27.707
C23 28.216

38
 D22 27.806
E22 27.577
D-E/22-23 900.000 27.732 27.000 -0.732 1.00 -658.575 658.575
E23 27.837
D23 27.707
E22 27.577
F22 27.549
E-F/22-23 900.000 27.652 27.000 -0.652 1.00 -586.800 586.800
F23 27.645
E23 27.837
F22 27.549
G22 27.240
F-G/22-23 900.000 27.497 27.000 -0.497 1.00 -447.525 447.525
G23 27.555
F23 27.645
G22 27.240
H22 27.801
G-H/22-23 900.000 27.707 27.000 -0.707 1.00 -636.525 636.525
H23 28.233
G23 27.555
H22 27.801
I22 27.773
H-I/22-23 900.000 27.951 27.000 -0.951 1.00 -855.675 855.675
I23 27.996
H23 28.233
I22 27.773
J22 26.907
I-J/22-23 900.000 27.384 27.000 -0.383 1.00 -345.150 345.150
J23 26.858
I23 27.996
J22 26.907
K22 26.702
J-K/22-23 900.000 26.814 27.000 0.186 1.00 167.625 0.000 167.625
K23 26.788
J23 26.858
K22 26.702
L22 27.301
K-L/22-23 900.000 26.839 27.000 0.161 1.00 144.900 0.000 144.900
L23 26.565
K23 26.788
B23 32.965
C23 28.216
B-C/23-24 900.000 30.635 27.000 -3.635 0.25 -817.763 817.763
C24 28.102
B24 33.255
C23 28.216
D23 27.707
C-D/23-24 900.000 27.927 27.000 -0.927 1.00 -834.075 834.075
D24 27.682
C24 28.102
D23 27.707
E23 27.837
D-E/23-24 900.000 27.699 27.000 -0.699 1.00 -629.325 629.325
E24 27.571
D24 27.682

39
 E23 27.837
F23 27.645
E-F/23-24 900.000 27.628 27.000 -0.628 1.00 -564.975 564.975
F24 27.458
E24 27.571
F23 27.645
G23 27.555
F-G/23-24 900.000 27.324 27.000 -0.323 1.00 -291.150 291.150
G24 26.636
F24 27.458
G23 27.555
H23 28.233
G-H/23-24 900.000 27.651 27.000 -0.651 1.00 -586.125 586.125
H24 28.181
G24 26.636
H23 28.233
I23 27.996
H-I/23-24 900.000 28.011 27.000 -1.011 1.00 -910.125 910.125
I24 27.635
H24 28.181
I23 27.996
J23 26.858
I-J/23-24 900.000 27.417 27.000 -0.417 1.00 -375.525 375.525
J24 27.180
I24 27.635
J23 26.858
K23 26.788
J-K/23-24 900.000 27.001 27.000 -0.001 1.00 -0.900 0.900
K24 27.178
J24 27.180
K23 26.788
L23 26.565
K-L/23-24 900.000 26.758 27.000 0.242 1.00 218.025 0.000 218.025
L24 26.500
K24 27.178
L23 26.565
M23 27.084
L-M/23-24 900.000 26.772 27.000 0.229 1.00 205.650 0.000 205.650
M24 26.937
L24 26.500
M23 27.084
N23 28.102
M-N/23-24 900.000 27.292 27.000 -0.292 1.00 -262.575 262.575
N24 27.044
M24 26.937
N23 28.102
O23 26.866
N-O/23-24 900.000 27.116 27.000 -0.116 1.00 -104.400 104.400
O24 26.452
N24 27.044
B24 33.255
C24 28.102
B-C/24-25 900.000 30.701 27.000 -3.701 0.20 -666.135 666.135
C25 27.820
B25 33.626
C-D/24-25 900.000 C24 28.102 27.825 27.000 -0.825 1.00 -742.500 742.500

40
 D24 27.682
D25 27.696
C25 27.820
D24 27.682
E24 27.571
D-E/24-25 900.000 27.622 27.000 -0.622 1.00 -559.575 559.575
E25 27.538
D25 27.696
E24 27.571
F24 27.458
E-F/24-25 900.000 27.411 27.000 -0.411 1.00 -370.125 370.125
F25 27.078
E25 27.538
F24 27.458
G24 26.636
F-G/24-25 900.000 26.993 27.000 0.008 1.00 6.750 0.000 6.750
G25 26.798
F25 27.078
G24 26.636
H24 28.181
G-H/24-25 900.000 27.118 27.000 -0.118 1.00 -105.975 105.975
H25 26.856
G25 26.798
H24 28.181
I24 27.635
H-I/24-25 900.000 27.470 27.000 -0.470 1.00 -423.225 423.225
I25 27.209
H25 26.856
I24 27.635
J24 27.180
I-J/24-25 900.000 27.381 27.000 -0.381 1.00 -342.450 342.450
J25 27.498
I25 27.209
J24 27.180
K24 27.178
J-K/24-25 900.000 27.304 27.000 -0.304 1.00 -273.150 273.150
K25 27.358
J25 27.498
K24 27.178
L24 26.500
K-L/24-25 900.000 26.973 27.000 0.027 1.00 24.750 0.000 24.750
L25 26.854
K25 27.358
L24 26.500
M24 26.937
L-M/24-25 900.000 26.771 27.000 0.229 1.00 205.875 0.000 205.875
M25 26.794
L25 26.854
M24 26.937
N24 27.044
M-N/24-25 900.000 26.951 27.000 0.049 1.00 44.325 0.000 44.325
N25 27.028
M25 26.794
N24 27.044
O24 26.452
N-O/24-25 900.000 26.939 27.000 0.061 1.00 54.900 0.000 54.900
O25 27.232
N25 27.028

41
 B25 33.626
C25 27.820
B-C/25-26 900.000 30.807 27.000 -3.807 0.15 -513.945 513.945
C26 27.946
B26 33.836
C25 27.820
D25 27.696
C-D/25-26 900.000 27.774 27.000 -0.774 1.00 -696.150 696.150
D26 27.632
C26 27.946
D25 27.696
E25 27.538
D-E/25-26 900.000 27.604 27.000 -0.604 1.00 -543.600 543.600
E26 27.550
D26 27.632
E25 27.538
F25 27.078
E-F/25-26 900.000 27.371 27.000 -0.371 1.00 -333.900 333.900
F26 27.318
E26 27.550
F25 27.078
G25 26.798
F-G/25-26 900.000 27.058 27.000 -0.058 1.00 -52.200 52.200
G26 27.038
F26 27.318
G25 26.798
H25 26.856
G-H/25-26 900.000 26.970 27.000 0.031 1.00 27.450 0.000 27.450
H26 27.186
G26 27.038
H25 26.856
I25 27.209
H-I/25-26 900.000 27.067 27.000 -0.067 1.00 -60.525 60.525
I26 27.018
H26 27.186
I25 27.209
J25 27.498
I-J/25-26 900.000 27.281 27.000 -0.281 1.00 -253.125 253.125
J26 27.400
I26 27.018
J25 27.498
K25 27.358
J-K/25-26 900.000 27.443 27.000 -0.443 1.00 -398.475 398.475
K26 27.515
J26 27.400
K25 27.358
L25 26.854
K-L/25-26 900.000 27.072 27.000 -0.072 1.00 -64.575 64.575
L26 26.560
K26 27.515
L25 26.854
M25 26.794
L-M/25-26 900.000 26.811 27.000 0.189 1.00 170.100 0.000 170.100
M26 27.036
L26 26.560
M25 26.794
M-N/25-26 900.000 N25 27.028 27.035 27.000 -0.035 1.00 -31.275 31.275
N26 27.281

42
 M26 27.036
N25 27.028
O25 27.232
N-O/25-26 900.000 27.176 27.000 -0.176 1.00 -158.625 158.625
O26 27.164
N26 27.281
B26 33.836
C26 27.946
B-C/26-27 900.000 32.123 27.300 -4.823 0.10 -434.070 434.070
C27 31.953
B27 34.757
C26 27.946
D26 27.632 -
C-D/26-27 900.000 28.828 27.300 -1.528 1.00 1375.425
D27 27.782 1375.425

C27 31.953
D26 27.632
E26 27.550
D-E/26-27 900.000 27.603 27.300 -0.303 1.00 -272.475 272.475
E27 27.447
D27 27.782
E26 27.550
F26 27.318
E-F/26-27 900.000 27.381 27.300 -0.081 1.00 -72.675 72.675
F27 27.208
E27 27.447
F26 27.318
G26 27.038
F-G/26-27 900.000 27.265 27.300 0.035 1.00 31.500 0.000 31.500
G27 27.496
F27 27.208
G26 27.038
H26 27.186
G-H/26-27 900.000 27.266 27.300 0.034 1.00 30.600 0.000 30.600
H27 27.344
G27 27.496
H26 27.186
I26 27.018
H-I/26-27 900.000 27.176 27.300 0.125 1.00 112.050 0.000 112.050
I27 27.154
H27 27.344
I26 27.018
J26 27.400
I-J/26-27 900.000 27.378 27.300 -0.078 1.00 -70.200 70.200
J27 27.940
I27 27.154
J26 27.400
K26 27.515
J-K/26-27 900.000 27.462 27.300 -0.162 1.00 -145.800 145.800
K27 26.993
J27 27.940
K26 27.515
L26 26.560
K-L/26-27 900.000 27.017 27.300 0.284 1.00 255.150 0.000 255.150
L27 26.998
K27 26.993

43
 L26 26.560
M26 27.036
L-M/26-27 900.000 26.996 27.300 0.304 1.00 273.375 0.000 273.375
M27 27.391
L27 26.998
M26 27.036
N26 27.281
M-N/26-27 900.000 27.294 27.300 0.006 1.00 5.850 0.000 5.850
N27 27.466
M27 27.391
N26 27.281
O26 27.164
N-O/26-27 900.000 27.239 27.300 0.061 1.00 55.350 0.000 55.350
O27 27.043
N27 27.466
B27 34.757
C27 31.953
B-C/27-28 900.000 33.371 27.300 -6.071 0.05 -273.195 273.195
C28 31.881
B28 34.893
C27 31.953
D27 27.782 -
C-D/27-28 900.000 29.837 27.300 -2.537 1.00 2282.850
D28 27.730 2282.850

C28 31.881
D27 27.782
E27 27.447
D-E/27-28 900.000 27.556 27.300 -0.256 1.00 -230.625 230.625
E28 27.266
D28 27.730
E27 27.447
F27 27.208
E-F/27-28 900.000 27.267 27.300 0.034 1.00 30.150 0.000 30.150
F28 27.145
E28 27.266
F27 27.208
G27 27.496
F-G/27-28 900.000 27.223 27.300 0.077 1.00 69.075 0.000 69.075
G28 27.044
F28 27.145
G27 27.496
H27 27.344
G-H/27-28 900.000 27.131 27.300 0.169 1.00 152.100 0.000 152.100
H28 26.640
G28 27.044
H27 27.344
I27 27.154
H-I/27-28 900.000 27.056 27.300 0.244 1.00 220.050 0.000 220.050
I28 27.084
H28 26.640
I27 27.154
J27 27.940
I-J/27-28 900.000 27.422 27.300 -0.122 1.00 -110.025 110.025
J28 27.511
I28 27.084
J-K/27-28 900.000 J27 27.940 27.493 27.300 -0.193 1.00 -173.475 173.475

44
 K27 26.993
K28 27.527
J28 27.511
K27 26.993
L27 26.998
K-L/27-28 900.000 27.113 27.300 0.188 1.00 168.750 0.000 168.750
L28 26.932
K28 27.527
L27 26.998
M27 27.391
L-M/27-28 900.000 27.057 27.300 0.243 1.00 218.700 0.000 218.700
M28 26.907
L28 26.932
M27 27.391
N27 27.466
M-N/27-28 900.000 27.237 27.300 0.063 1.00 56.475 0.000 56.475
N28 27.185
M28 26.907
N27 27.466
O27 27.043
N-O/27-28 900.000 27.079 27.300 0.221 1.00 199.125 0.000 199.125
O28 26.621
N28 27.185
B28 34.893
C28 31.881
B-C/28-29 900.000 33.316 27.300 -6.016 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C29 31.882
B29 34.608
C28 31.881
D28 27.730 -
C-D/28-29 900.000 29.556 27.300 -2.256 1.00 2029.950
D29 26.729 2029.950

C29 31.882
D28 27.730
E28 27.266
D-E/28-29 900.000 27.158 27.300 0.143 1.00 128.250 0.000 128.250
E29 26.905
D29 26.729
E28 27.266
F28 27.145
E-F/28-29 900.000 27.107 27.300 0.194 1.00 174.150 0.000 174.150
F29 27.110
E29 26.905
F28 27.145
G28 27.044
F-G/28-29 900.000 27.046 27.300 0.254 1.00 228.825 0.000 228.825
G29 26.884
F29 27.110
G28 27.044
H28 26.640
G-H/28-29 900.000 26.830 27.300 0.471 1.00 423.450 0.000 423.450
H29 26.750
G29 26.884
H28 26.640
H-I/28-29 900.000 26.848 27.300 0.452 1.00 406.800 0.000 406.800
I28 27.084

45
 I29 26.918
H29 26.750
I28 27.084
J28 27.511
I-J/28-29 900.000 27.408 27.300 -0.108 1.00 -96.975 96.975
J29 28.118
I29 26.918
J28 27.511
K28 27.527
J-K/28-29 900.000 27.705 27.300 -0.405 1.00 -364.275 364.275
K29 27.663
J28 28.118
K28 27.527
L28 26.932
K-L/28-29 900.000 27.399 27.300 -0.099 1.00 -88.650 88.650
L29 27.472
K29 27.663
L28 26.932
M28 26.907
L-M/28-29 900.000 27.126 27.300 0.174 1.00 156.375 0.000 156.375
M29 27.194
L29 27.472
M28 26.907
N28 27.185
M-N/28-30 900.000 27.370 27.300 -0.070 1.00 -63.000 63.000
N29 28.194
M29 27.194
N28 27.185
O28 26.621
N-O/28-29 900.000 27.215 27.300 0.085 1.00 76.950 0.000 76.950
O29 26.858
N29 28.194
B29 34.608
C29 31.882
B-C/29-30 900.000 33.319 27.300 -6.019 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C30 32.305
B30 34.479
C29 31.882
D29 26.729 -
C-D/29-30 900.000 29.443 27.300 -2.143 1.00 1928.475
D30 26.855 1928.475

C30 32.305
D29 26.729
E29 26.905
D-E/29-30 900.000 26.761 27.300 0.539 1.00 484.875 0.000 484.875
E30 26.556
D30 26.855
E29 26.905
F29 27.110
E-F/29-30 900.000 26.780 27.300 0.520 1.00 467.775 0.000 467.775
F30 26.550
E30 26.556
F29 27.110
F-G/29-30 900.000 G29 26.884 26.678 27.300 0.622 1.00 560.025 0.000 560.025
G30 26.167

46
 F30 26.550
G29 26.884
H29 26.750
G-H/29-30 900.000 26.519 27.300 0.781 1.00 702.675 0.000 702.675
H30 26.276
G30 26.167
H29 26.750
I29 26.918
H-I/29-30 900.000 26.682 27.300 0.618 1.00 555.975 0.000 555.975
I30 26.785
H30 26.276
I29 26.918
J29 28.118
I-J/29-30 900.000 27.342 27.300 -0.042 1.00 -38.025 38.025
J30 27.548
I30 26.785
J29 28.118
K29 27.663
J-K/29-30 900.000 27.745 27.300 -0.445 1.00 -400.725 400.725
K30 27.652
J30 27.548
K29 27.663
L29 27.472
K-L/29-30 900.000 27.592 27.300 -0.292 1.00 -263.025 263.025
L30 27.582
K30 27.652
L29 27.472
M29 27.194
L-M/29-30 900.000 27.446 27.300 -0.146 1.00 -131.400 131.400
M30 27.536
L30 27.582
M29 27.194
N29 28.194
M-N/29-30 900.000 27.341 27.300 -0.041 1.00 -37.125 37.125
N30 26.441
M30 27.536
N29 28.194
O29 26.858
N-O/29-30 900.000 27.016 27.300 0.284 1.00 255.600 0.000 255.600
O30 26.571
N30 26.441
B30 34.479
C30 32.305
B-C/30-31 900.000 33.234 27.300 -5.934 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C31 32.000
B31 34.150
C30 32.305
D30 26.855 -
C-D/30-31 900.000 29.590 27.300 -2.290 0.98 2019.780
D31 27.200 2019.780

C31 32.000
D30 26.855
E30 26.556
D-E/30-31 900.000 26.769 27.300 0.531 1.00 477.900 0.000 477.900
E31 26.465
D31 27.200

47
 E30 26.556
F30 26.550
E-F/30-31 900.000 26.507 27.300 0.793 1.00 713.475 0.000 713.475
F31 26.458
E31 26.465
F30 26.550
G30 26.167
F-G/30-31 900.000 26.451 27.300 0.849 1.00 764.100 0.000 764.100
G31 26.629
F31 26.458
G30 26.167
H30 26.276
G-H/30-31 900.000 26.456 27.300 0.844 1.00 759.375 0.000 759.375
H31 26.753
G31 26.629
H30 26.276
I30 26.785
H-I/30-31 900.000 26.696 27.300 0.604 1.00 543.825 0.000 543.825
I31 26.969
H31 26.753
I30 26.785
J30 27.548
I-J/30-31 900.000 27.166 27.300 0.134 1.00 120.600 0.000 120.600
J31 27.362
I31 26.969
J30 27.548
K30 27.652
J-K/30-31 900.000 27.552 27.300 -0.252 1.00 -226.575 226.575
K31 27.645
J31 27.362
K30 27.652
L30 27.582
K-L/30-31 900.000 27.691 27.300 -0.391 1.00 -351.900 351.900
L31 27.885
K31 27.645
L30 27.582
M30 27.536
L-M/30-31 900.000 27.443 27.300 -0.143 1.00 -128.925 128.925
M31 26.770
L31 27.885
M30 27.536
N30 26.441
M-N/30-31 900.000 26.798 27.300 0.503 1.00 452.250 0.000 452.250
N31 26.443
M31 26.770
N30 26.441
O30 26.571
N-O/30-31 900.000 26.517 27.300 0.783 1.00 704.700 0.000 704.700
O31 26.613
N31 26.443
B31 34.150
C31 32.000
B-C/31-32 900.000 32.700 27.300 -5.400 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C32 31.100
B32 33.550
C-D/31-32 900.000 C31 32.000 29.875 27.300 -2.575 0.95 2201.625

48
 D31 27.200 -2201.625
D32 29.200
C32 31.100
D31 27.200
E31 26.465
D-E/31-32 900.000 27.729 27.300 -0.429 1.00 -385.875 385.875
E32 28.050
D32 29.200
E31 26.465
F31 26.458
E-F/31-32 900.000 26.983 27.300 0.317 1.00 285.300 0.000 285.300
F32 26.959
E32 28.050
F31 26.458
G31 26.629
F-G/31-32 900.000 26.688 27.300 0.612 1.00 551.025 0.000 551.025
G32 26.705
F32 26.959
G31 26.629
H31 26.753
G-H/31-32 900.000 26.720 27.300 0.580 1.00 521.775 0.000 521.775
H32 26.794
G32 26.705
H31 26.753
I31 26.969
H-I/31-32 900.000 26.849 27.300 0.451 1.00 406.125 0.000 406.125
I32 26.879
H32 26.794
I31 26.969
J31 27.362
I-J/31-32 900.000 27.179 27.300 0.121 1.00 109.125 0.000 109.125
J32 27.505
I32 26.879
J31 27.362
K31 27.645
J-K/31-32 900.000 27.476 27.300 -0.175 1.00 -157.950 157.950
K32 27.390
J32 27.505
K31 27.645
L31 27.885
K-L/31-32 900.000 27.648 27.300 -0.348 1.00 -313.200 313.200
L32 27.672
K32 27.390
L31 27.885
M31 26.770
L-M/31-32 900.000 27.270 27.300 0.031 1.00 27.450 0.000 27.450
M32 26.751
L32 27.672
M31 26.770
N31 26.443
M-N/31-32 900.000 26.675 27.300 0.625 1.00 562.725 0.000 562.725
N32 26.735
M32 26.751
N31 26.443
O31 26.613
N-O/31-32 900.000 26.643 27.300 0.657 1.00 591.525 0.000 591.525
O32 26.780
N32 26.735

49
 B32 33.550
C32 31.100
B-C/32-33 900.000 32.097 27.300 -4.797 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C33 30.000
B33 33.738
C32 31.100
D32 29.200 -
C-D/32-33 900.000 30.376 27.300 -3.076 0.90 2491.763
D33 31.205 2491.763

C33 30.000
D32 29.200
E32 28.050 -
D-E/32-33 900.000 29.721 27.300 -2.421 1.00 2179.125
E33 30.430 2179.125

D33 31.205
E32 28.050
F32 26.959 -
E-F/32-33 900.000 28.472 27.300 -1.172 1.00 1055.025
F33 28.450 1055.025

E33 30.430
F32 26.959
G32 26.705
F-G/32-33 900.000 27.286 27.300 0.014 1.00 12.375 0.000 12.375
G33 27.031
F33 28.450
G32 26.705
H32 26.794
G-H/32-33 900.000 26.820 27.300 0.480 1.00 431.775 0.000 431.775
H33 26.751
G33 27.031
H32 26.794
I32 26.879
H-I/32-33 900.000 26.803 27.300 0.497 1.00 447.300 0.000 447.300
I33 26.788
H33 26.751
I32 26.879
J32 27.505
I-J/32-33 900.000 27.167 27.300 0.133 1.00 119.925 0.000 119.925
J33 27.495
I33 26.788
J32 27.505
K32 27.390
J-K/32-33 900.000 27.488 27.300 -0.188 1.00 -169.200 169.200
K33 27.562
J33 27.495
K32 27.390
L32 27.672
K-L/32-33 900.000 27.440 27.300 -0.140 1.00 -126.000 126.000
L33 27.136
K33 27.562
L32 27.672
M32 26.751
L-M/32-33 900.000 27.131 27.300 0.169 1.00 152.325 0.000 152.325
M33 26.964
L33 27.136
M32 26.751
M-N/32-33 900.000 N32 26.735 26.925 27.300 0.375 1.00 337.500 0.000 337.500
N33 27.250

50
 M33 26.964
N32 26.735
O32 26.780
N-O/32-33 900.000 26.946 27.300 0.354 1.00 318.375 0.000 318.375
O33 27.020
N33 27.250
B33 33.738
C33 30.000
B-C/33-34 900.000 31.560 27.300 -4.260 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C34 30.500
B34 32.000
C33 30.000
D33 31.205 -
C-D/33-34 900.000 30.681 27.300 -3.381 0.80 2434.140
D34 31.018 2434.140

C34 30.500
D33 31.205
E33 30.430 -
D-E/33-34 900.000 30.756 27.300 -3.456 1.00 3109.950
E34 30.369 3109.950

D34 31.018
E33 30.430
F33 28.450 -
E-F/33-34 900.000 29.437 27.300 -2.137 1.00 1923.525
F34 28.500 1923.525

E34 30.369
F33 28.450
G33 27.031
F-G/33-34 900.000 27.870 27.300 -0.570 1.00 -512.775 512.775
G34 27.498
F34 28.500
G33 27.031
H33 26.751
G-H/33-34 900.000 27.308 27.300 -0.008 1.00 -6.750 6.750
H34 27.950
G34 27.498
H33 26.751
I33 26.788
H-I/33-34 900.000 27.410 27.300 -0.110 1.00 -98.775 98.775
I34 28.150
H34 27.950
I33 26.788
J33 27.495
I-J/33-34 900.000 27.696 27.300 -0.396 1.00 -356.175 356.175
J34 28.350
I34 28.150
J33 27.495
K33 27.562
J-K/33-34 900.000 27.798 27.300 -0.498 1.00 -447.975 447.975
K34 27.784
J34 28.350
K33 27.562
L33 27.136
K-L/33-34 900.000 27.456 27.300 -0.156 1.00 -140.625 140.625
L34 27.343
K34 27.784

51
 L33 27.136
M33 26.964
L-M/33-34 900.000 27.173 27.300 0.127 1.00 114.525 0.000 114.525
M34 27.248
L34 27.343
M33 26.964
N33 27.250
M-N/33-34 900.000 27.259 27.300 0.041 1.00 37.350 0.000 37.350
N34 27.572
M34 27.248
N33 27.250
O33 27.020
N-O/33-34 900.000 27.166 27.300 0.134 1.00 120.600 0.000 120.600
O34 26.822
N34 27.572
B34 32.000
C34 30.500
B-C/34-35 900.000 31.026 27.300 -3.726 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C35 30.655
B35 30.950
C34 30.500
D34 31.018 -
C-D/34-35 900.000 30.543 27.300 -3.243 0.70 2043.248
D35 30.000 2043.248

C35 30.655
D34 31.018
E34 30.369 -
D-E/34-35 900.000 30.281 27.300 -2.981 1.00 2682.450
E35 29.735 2682.450

D35 30.000
E34 30.369
F34 28.500 -
E-F/34-35 900.000 29.459 27.300 -2.159 1.00 1942.875
F35 29.231 1942.875

E35 29.735
F34 28.500
G34 27.498
F-G/34-35 900.000 28.390 27.300 -1.090 1.00 -980.775 980.775
G35 28.330
F35 29.231
G34 27.498
H34 27.950
G-H/34-35 900.000 28.002 27.300 -0.702 1.00 -631.800 631.800
H35 28.230
G35 28.330
H34 27.950
I34 28.150
H-I/34-35 900.000 28.143 27.300 -0.843 1.00 -758.475 758.475
I35 28.241
H35 28.230
I34 28.150
J34 28.350
I-J/34-35 900.000 28.048 27.300 -0.748 1.00 -672.975 672.975
J35 27.450
I35 28.241
J-K/34-35 900.000 J34 28.350 27.762 27.300 -0.462 1.00 -415.575 415.575

52
 K34 27.784
K35 27.463
J35 27.450
K34 27.784
L34 27.343
K-L/34-35 900.000 27.567 27.300 -0.267 1.00 -240.525 240.525
L35 27.679
K35 27.463
L34 27.343
M34 27.248
L-M/34-35 900.000 27.387 27.300 -0.087 1.00 -78.075 78.075
M35 27.277
L35 27.679
M34 27.248
N34 27.572
M-N/34-35 900.000 27.459 27.300 -0.159 1.00 -142.875 142.875
N35 27.738
M35 27.277
N34 27.572
O34 26.822
N-O/34-35 900.000 27.517 27.300 -0.217 0.98 -191.394 191.394
O35 27.936
N35 27.738
B35 30.950
C35 30.655
B-C/35-36 900.000 30.058 27.300 -2.758 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
C36 29.395
B36 29.231
C35 30.655
D35 30.000
C-D/35-36 900.000 29.836 27.300 -2.536 0.30 -684.788 684.788
D36 29.295
C36 29.395
D35 30.000
E35 29.735
D-E/35-36 900.000 29.502 27.300 -2.202 0.50 -991.013 991.013
E36 28.979
D36 29.295
E35 29.735
F35 29.231
E-F/35-36 900.000 29.074 27.300 -1.774 0.50 -798.075 798.075
F36 28.349
E36 28.979
F35 29.231
G35 28.330
F-G/35-36 900.000 28.589 27.300 -1.289 0.50 -580.050 580.050
G36 28.446
F36 28.349
G35 28.330
H35 28.230
G-H/35-36 900.000 28.230 27.300 -0.930 0.50 -418.387 418.387
H36 27.913
G36 28.446
H35 28.230
H-I/35-36 900.000 28.195 27.300 -0.895 0.50 -402.862 402.862
I35 28.241

53
 I36 28.397
H36 27.913
I35 28.241
J35 27.450
I-J/35-36 900.000 28.006 27.300 -0.706 0.50 -317.587 317.587
J36 27.935
I36 28.397
J35 27.450
K35 27.463
J-K/35-36 900.000 27.617 27.300 -0.317 0.50 -142.538 142.538
K36 27.619
J36 27.935
K35 27.463
L35 27.679
K-L/35-36 900.000 27.588 27.300 -0.287 0.50 -129.375 129.375
L36 27.589
K36 27.619
L35 27.679
M35 27.277
L-M/35-36 900.000 27.553 27.300 -0.253 0.50 -113.738 113.738
M36 27.666
L36 27.589
M35 27.277
N35 27.738
M-N/35-36 900.000 27.522 27.300 -0.222 0.50 -100.013 100.013
N36 27.408
M36 27.666
N35 27.738
O35 27.936
N-O/35-36 900.000 27.627 27.300 -0.327 0.55 -161.989 161.989
O36 27.427
N36 27.408
Total 101302.423 24281.325

B26 33.836
C26 27.946
B-C/26-27 900.000 32.123 27.000 -5.123 0.10 -461.070 461.070
C27 31.953
B27 34.757
C26 27.946
D26 27.632 -
C-D/26-27 900.000 28.828 27.000 -1.828 0.70 1151.798
D27 27.782 1151.798

C27 31.953
D26 27.632
E26 27.550
D-E/26-27 900.000 27.603 27.000 -0.603 0.40 -216.990 216.990
E27 27.447
D27 27.782
E26 27.550
F26 27.318
E-F/26-27 900.000 27.381 27.000 -0.381 0.40 -137.070 137.070
F27 27.208
E27 27.447

54
 F26 27.318
G26 27.038
F-G/26-27 900.000 27.265 27.000 -0.265 0.40 -95.400 95.400
G27 27.496
F27 27.208
G26 27.038
H26 27.186
G-H/26-27 900.000 27.266 27.000 -0.266 0.40 -95.760 95.760
H27 27.344
G27 27.496
H26 27.186
I26 27.018
H-I/26-27 900.000 27.176 27.000 -0.176 0.40 -63.180 63.180
I27 27.154
H27 27.344
I26 27.018
J26 27.400
I-J/26-27 900.000 27.378 27.000 -0.378 0.40 -136.080 136.080
J27 27.940
I27 27.154
J26 27.400
K26 27.515
J-K/26-27 900.000 27.462 27.000 -0.462 0.40 -166.320 166.320
K27 26.993
J27 27.940
K26 27.515
L26 26.560
K-L/26-27 900.000 27.017 27.000 -0.017 0.40 -5.940 5.940
L27 26.998
K27 26.993
L26 26.560
M26 27.036
L-M/26-27 900.000 26.996 27.000 0.004 0.40 1.350 0.000 1.350
M27 27.391
L27 26.998
M26 27.036
N26 27.281
M-N/26-27 900.000 27.294 27.000 -0.294 0.40 -105.660 105.660
N27 27.466
M27 27.391
N26 27.281
O26 27.164
N-O/26-27 900.000 27.239 27.000 -0.239 0.40 -85.860 85.860
O27 27.043
N27 27.466
K14 26.258
L14 25.500
K-L/14-15 900.000 26.103 26.200 0.097 0.90 78.570 0.000 78.570
L15 25.800
K15 26.854
K16 27.500
L16 25.500
K-L/16-17 900.000 26.274 26.200 -0.073 0.70 -46.305 46.305
L17 25.211
K17 26.883
K16 27.500
K-L/16-17 900.000 L16 25.500 26.274 26.200 -0.073 0.30 -19.845 19.845
L17 25.211
55
 K17 26.883
N35 27.738
O35 27.936
N-O/35-36 900.000 27.627 28.000 0.373 0.20 67.095 0.000 67.095
O36 27.427
N36 27.408
TOTAL 66.150 145.665

Volume, m3
Grid Area Average Proposed Level Grid
Grid m2 Points OGL OGL Level Difference, Area Volume Cut Fill
∆ Factor
O23 26.9
P23 26.7
O-P/23-24 900.000 26.725 27 0.275 1 247.5 247.5
O24 26.3
P24 27.0
O24 26.3
P24 27.0
O-P/24-25 900.000 26.7 27 0.3 1 270 270
O25 27.2
P25 26.3
O25 27.2
P25 26.3
O-P/25-26 900.000 26.9 27 0.1 1 90 -90
O26 27.1
P26 27.0
O26 27.1
P26 27.0
O-P/26-27 900.000 27.05 27.0 -0.05 1 -45 45
O27 27.1
P27 27.0
O27 27.1
P27 27.0
O-P/27-28 900.000 27.1 27.0 -0.1 1 -90 90
O28 27.1
P28 27.2
O28 27.1
P28 27.2
O-P/28-29 900.000 27.1 26.99 -0.11 1 -99 99
O29 26.8
P29 27.3
O29 26.8
P29 27.3
O-P/29-30 900.000 27.025 27.0 -0.025 1 -22.5 22.5
O30 26.8
P30 27.2
O30 26.8
P30 27.2
O-P/30-31 900.000 26.875 27.04 0.165 1 148.5 148.5
O31 26.6
P31 26.9
O31 26.6
P31 26.9
O-P/31-32 900.000 26.3 27.12 0.82 1 738 738
O32 26.7
P32 25.0

56
 O32 26.7
P32 25.0
O-P/32-33 900.000 26.325 27.28 0.96 1 859.5 859.5
O33 26.8
P33 26.7
O33 26.8
P33 26.7
O-P/33-34 900.000 26.325 27.5 1.1 1 1012.5 1012.5
O34 26.8
P34 25.0
O34 26.8
P34 25.0
O-P/34-35 900.000 26.025 27.7 1.7 1 1507.5 1507.5
O35 27.4
P35 24.9
O35 27.4
P35 24.9
O-P/35-36 900.000 26.525 27.9 1.4 1 1237.5 1237.5
O36 27.4
P36 26.4
P23 26.7
Q23 26.4
P-Q/23-24 900.000 26.625 26.16 -0.465 1 -418.5 418.5
P24 27.0
Q24 26.4
P24 27.0
Q24 26.4
P-Q/24-25 900.000 26.575 26.44 -0.135 1 -121.5 121.5
P25 26.3
Q25 26.6
P25 26.3
Q25 26.6
P-Q/25-26 900.000 P26 27.0 26.65 26.56 -0.09 1 -81 81
Q26 26.7
P26 27.0
Q26 26.7
P-Q/26-27 900.000 P27 27.0 26.675 26.6 -0.075 1 -67.5 67.5
Q27 26.0
P27 27.0
Q27 26.0
P-Q/27-28 900.000 26.675 26.64 -0.035 1 -31.5 31.5
P28 27.2
Q28 26.5
P28 27.2
Q28 26.5
P-Q/28-29 900.000 P29 27.3 26.5 26.8 0.3 1 270 270
Q29 25.0
P29 27.3
Q29 25.0
P-Q/29-30 900.000 P30 27.2 27.125 27.0 -0.125 1 -112.5 112.5
Q30 29.0
P30 27.2
Q30 29.0
P-Q/30-31 900.000 27.875 27.1 -0.775 1 -697.5 697.5
P31 26.9
Q31 28.4
P-Q/31-32 900.000 P31 26.9 26.775 27.2 0.425 0.8 306 306

57
 Q31 28.4
P32 25.0
Q32 26.8
P32 25.0
Q32 26.8
P-Q/32-33 900.000 26.35 27.4 1.05 0.6 567 567
P33 26.7
Q33 26.9
P33 26.7
Q33 26.9
P-Q/33-34 900.000 26.55 27.5 0.95 0.5 427.5 427.5
P34 25.0
Q34 27.6
P34 25.0
Q34 27.6
P-Q/34-35 900.000 26.175 27.7 1.525 0.2 274.5 274.5
P35 24.9
Q35 27.2
P35 24.9
Q35 27.2
P-Q/35-36 900.000 26.575 27.9 1.325 0.06 71.55 71.55
P36 26.4
Q36 27.8
Q23 26.4
R23 26.4
Q-R/23-24 900.000 26.55 26.0 -0.5 0.7 -346.5 346.5
Q24 26.4
R24 27.0
Q24 26.4
R24 27.0
Q-R/24-25 900.000 26.85 26.2 -0.65 0.8 -468 468
Q25 26.6
R25 27.4
Q25 26.6
R25 27.4
Q-R/25-26 900.000 26.875 26.4 -0.475 0.8 -342 342
Q26 26.7
R26 26.8
Q26 26.7
R26 26.8
Q-R/26-27 900.000 26.5 26.5 0.0 0.7 0 0
Q27 26.0
R27 26.5
Q27 26.0
R27 26.5
Q-R/27-28 900.000 26.5 26.6 0.1 0.6 54 54
Q28 26.5
R28 27.0
Q28 26.5
R28 27.0
Q-R/28-29 900.000 26.625 26.8 0.175 0.4 63 63
Q29 25.0
R29 28.0
Q29 25.0
R29 28.0
Q-R/29-30 900.000 27.75 27.0 -0.8 0.3 -202.5 202.5
Q30 29.0
R30 29.0
Q30 29.0
Q-R/30-31 900.000 28.475 27.1 -1.375 0.2 -247.5 247.5
R30 29.0
58
 Q31 28.4
R31 27.5
Q31 28.4
R31 27.5 n/a
Q-R/31-32 900.000 27.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Q32 26.8
R32 27.5
Q32 26.8
R32 27.5
Q-R/32-33 900.000 27.3 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Q33 26.9
R33 28.0
Q33 26.9
R33 28.0
Q-R/33-34 900.000 27.8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Q34 27.6
R34 28.5
Q34 27.6
R34 28.5
Q-R/34-35 900.000 27.7 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Q35 27.2
R35 27.5
Q35 27.2
R35 27.5
Q-R/35-36 900.000 27.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Q36 27.8
R36 28.0
K41 28.3
L41 27.5
K42 27.8
K-L/41-42 900.000 L42 27.7 27.825 27.5 -0.325 0.05 -14.625 14.625
K42 27.8
L42 27.7
K43 27.6
K-L/42-43 900.000 L43 27.8 27.725 27.5 -0.225 0.3 -60.75 60.75
K43 27.6
L43 27.8
K44 27.3
K-L/43-44 900.000 L44 27.8 27.625 27.5 -0.125 0.25 -28.125 28.125
L42 27.7
M42 29.4
L43 27.8
L-M/42-43 900.000 M43 27.6 28.125 27.5 -0.625 0.7 -393.75 393.75
L43 27.8
M43 27.6
L44 27.8
L-M/43-44 900.000 M44 28.0 27.8 27.5 -0.3 0.8 -216 216
M42 29.4
N42 31.4
M43 27.6
M-N/42-43 900.000 N43 33.0 30.35 27.5 -2.85 0.2 -513 513

59
 M43 27.6
N43 33.0
M44 28.0
M-N/43-44 900.000 N44 29.8 29.6 27.5 -2.1 0.3 -567 567
J65 39.5
K65 40.6
J66 37.5
J-K/65-66 900.000 K66 39.0 39.15 40.0 0.85 0.05 38.25 38.25
J66 37.5
K66 39.0
J67 35.6
J-K/66-67 900.000 K67 37.8 37.475 40.0 2.525 0.03 68.175 68.175
K64 41.5
L64 43.3
K65 40.6
K-L/64-65 900.000 L65 42.3 41.925 40.0 -1.925 0.08 -138.6 138.6
K65 40.6
L65 42.3
K66 39.0
K-L/65-66 900.000 L66 40.9 40.7 40.0 -0.7 0.6 -378 378
K66 39.0
L66 40.9
K67 37.8
K-L/66-67 900.000 L67 38.2 38.975 40.0 1.025 0.5 461.25 461.25
L64 43.3
M64 44.5
L65 42.3
L-M/64-65 900.000 M65 43.1 43.3 40.0 -3.3 0.09 -267.3 267.3
L65 42.3
M65 43.1
L66 40.9
L-M/65-66 900.000 M66 41.3 41.9 40.0 -1.9 0.7 -1197 1197
L66 40.9
M66 41.3
L67 38.2
L-M/66-67 900.000 M67 38.7 39.775 40.0 0.225 0.99 200.475 200.475
L67 38.2
M67 38.7
L68 35.2
L-M/67-68 900.000 M68 36.8 37.225 40.0 2.775 0.45 1123.875 1123.875
M65 43.1
N65 43.9
M66 41.3
M-N/65-66 900.000 N66 41.4 42.425 40.0 -2.425 0.12 -261.9 261.9
M66 41.3
M-N/66-67 900.000 N66 41.4 40.2 40.0 -0.2 0.8 -144 144

60
 M67 38.7
N67 39.4
M67 38.7
N67 39.4
M68 36.8
M-N/67-68 900.000 N68 36.6 37.875 40.0 2.125 0.75 1434.375 1434.375
N66 41.4
O66 40.6
N67 39.4
N-O/66-67 900.000 O67 40.3 40.425 40.0 -0.425 0.1 -38.25 38.25
N67 39.4
O67 40.3
N68 36.6
N-O/67-68 900.000 O68 36.8 38.275 40.0 1.725 0.04 62.1 62.1
N36 27.4
O36 27.7
N37 27.8
N-O/36-37 900.000 O37 27.6 27.625 28.0 0.375 0.4 135 135
O36 27.7
P36 27.7
O37 27.6
O-P/36-37 900.000 P37 29.5 28.125 28.0 -0.125 0.5 -56.25 56.25
N37 27.8
O37 27.6
N38 27.8
N-O/37-38 900.000 O38 28.8 28.0 28.2 0.2 0.5 90 90
O37 27.6
P37 29.5
O38 28.8
O-P/37-38 900.000 P38 32.4 29.575 28.2 -1.375 0.3 -371.25 371.25
N38 27.8
O38 28.8
N39 25.9
N-O/38-39 900.000 O39 29.0 27.875 28.5 0.625 0.7 393.75 393.75
O38 28.8
P38 32.4
O39 29.0
O-P/38-39 900.000 P39 36.1 31.575 28.5 -3.075 0.25 -691.875 691.875
N39 25.9
O39 29.0
N40 31.5
N-O/39-40 900.000 O40 32.7 29.775 28.7 -1.075 0.85 -822.375 822.375
O39 29.0
P39 36.1
O-P/39-40 900.000 O40 32.7 34.2 28.7 -5.5 0.1 -495 495

61
 P40 39.0
M40 28.2
N40 31.5
M41 28.5
M-N/40-41 900.000 30.1 29.0 -1.1 0.9 -891 891
N41 32.2
N40 31.5
O40 32.7
N41 32.2
N-O/40-41 900.000 32.825 29.0 -3.825 0.05 -172.125 172.125
O41 34.9
M41 28.5
N41 32.2
M42 29.4
M-N/41-42 900.000 30.375 29.5 -0.875 0.2 -157.5 157.5
N42 31.4
N41 32.2
O41 34.9
N42 31.4 -
N-O/41-42 900.000 33.175 29.5 -3.675 0.75 2480.625 2480.625
O42 34.2
M42 29.4
N42 31.4
M43 27.6
M-N/42-43 900.000 30.35 30.0 -0.35 0.2 -63 63
N43 33.0
N42 31.4
O42 34.2
N43 33.0
N-O/42-43 900.000 33.6 30.0 -3.6 0.75 -2430 2430
O43 35.8
M43 27.6
N43 33.0
M44 28.0
M-N/43-44 900.000 29.6 30.5 0.9 0.2 162 162
N44 29.8
N43 33.0
O43 35.8
N44 29.8 -
N-O/43-44 900.000 O44 34.3 33.225 30.5 -2.725 0.75 1839.375 1839.375
M44 28.0
N44 29.8
M45 27.8
M-N/44-45 900.000 28.65 31.0 2.35 0.2 423 423
N45 29.0
N44 29.8
O44 34.3
N45 29.0
N-O/44-45 900.000 31.775 31.0 -0.775 0.75 -523.125 523.125
O45 34.0
M45 27.8
N45 29.0
M46 27.5
M-N/45-46 900.000 29.0 31.5 2.5 0.2 450 450
N46 31.7
N45 29.0
O45 34.0
N46 31.7
N-O/45-46 900.000 31.975 31.5 -0.475 0.75 -320.625 320.625
O46 33.2
62
 M46 27.5
N46 31.7
M47 29.4
M-N/46-47 900.000 N47 33.4 30.5 32.0 1.5 0.2 270 270
N46 31.7
O46 33.2
N47 33.4
N-O/46-47 900.000 O47 35.7 33.5 32.0 -1.5 0.75 -1012.5 1012.5
M47 29.4
N47 33.4
M48 30.1
M-N/47-48 900.000 N48 33.1 31.5 32.5 1.0 0.2 180 180
N47 33.4
O47 35.7
N48 33.1 -
N-O/47-48 900.000 O48 37.1 34.825 32.5 -2.325 0.75 1569.375 1569.375
M48 30.1
N48 33.1
M49 30.2
M-N/48-49 900.000 N49 33.8 31.8 33.0 1.2 0.2 216 216
N48 33.1
O48 37.1
N49 33.8
N-O/48-49 900.000 O49 37.6 35.4 33.0 -2.4 0.75 -1620 1620
M49 30.2
N49 33.8
M50 30.5
M-N/49-50 900.000 N50 33.2 31.925 33.5 1.575 0.2 283.5 283.5
N49 33.8
O49 37.6
N50 33.2 -
N-O/49-50 900.000 O50 36.5 35.275 33.5 -1.775 0.75 1198.125 1198.125
M50 30.5
N50 33.2
M51 30.8
M-N/50-51 900.000 N51 33.9 32.1 34.0 1.9 0.2 342 342
N50 33.2
O50 36.5
N51 33.9
N-O/50-51 900.000 O51 37.4 35.25 34.0 -1.3 0.75 -843.75 843.75
M51 30.8
N51 33.9
M52 31.4
M-N/51-52 900.000 N52 33.8 32.475 35.0 2.525 0.2 454.5 454.5
N51 33.9
O51 37.4
N52 33.8
N-O/51-52 900.000 O52 36.3 35.35 35.0 -0.35 0.75 -236.25 236.25
M-N/52-53 900.000 M52 31.4 32.25 36.0 3.75 0.2 675 675
63
 N52 33.8
M53 31.1
N53 32.7
N52 33.8
O52 36.3
N53 32.7
N-O/52-53 900.000 O53 35.0 34.45 36.0 1.55 0.75 1046.25 1046.25
M53 31.1
N53 32.7
M54 29.5
M-N/53-54 900.000 N54 31.0 31.075 37.0 5.925 0.25 1333.125 1333.125
N53 32.7
O53 35.0
N54 31.0
N-O/53-54 900.000 O54 32.4 32.775 37.0 4.225 0.75 2851.875 2851.875
M54 29.5
N54 31.0
M55 28.7
M-N/54-55 900.000 N55 30.5 29.925 38.0 8.075 0.3 2180.25 2180.25
N54 31.0
O54 32.4
N55 30.5
N-O/54-55 900.000 O55 31.3 31.3 38.0 6.7 0.7 4221 4221
M55 28.7
N55 30.5
M56 28.9
M-N/55-56 900.000 N56 29.7 29.45 39.0 9.55 0.3 2578.5 2578.5
N55 30.5
O55 31.3
N56 29.7
N-O/55-56 900.000 O56 31.6 30.775 39.0 8.225 0.7 5181.75 5181.75
M56 28.9
N56 29.7
M57 32.0
M-N/56-57 900.000 N57 32.4 30.75 40.0 9.25 0.3 2497.5 2497.5
N56 29.7
O56 31.6
N57 32.4
N-O/56-57 900.000 O57 32.6 31.575 40.0 8.425 0.7 5307.75 5307.75
M57 32.0
N57 32.4
M58 36.2
M-N/57-58 900.000 N58 36.7 34.325 41.0 6.675 0.35 2102.625 2102.625
N57 32.4
O57 32.6
N58 36.7
N-O/57-58 900.000 O58 36.8 34.625 41.0 6.375 0.6 3442.5 3442.5
M58 36.2
M-N/58-59 900.000 N58 36.7 38.0 42.0 4.0 0.5 1800 1800

64
 M59 39.5
N59 39.6
N58 36.7
O58 36.8
N59 39.6
N-O/58-59 900.000 O59 40.0 38.275 42.0 3.725 0.4 1341 1341
M59 39.5
N59 39.6
M60 42.8
M-N/59-60 900.000 N60 43.0 41.225 43.0 1.775 0.55 878.625 878.625
N59 39.6
O59 40.0
N60 43.0
N-O/59-60 900.000 O60 43.1 41.425 43.0 1.575 0.25 354.375 354.375
M60 42.8
N60 43.0
M61 44.6
M-N/60-61 900.000 N61 45.3 43.925 44.0 0.075 0.8 54 54
N60 43.0
O60 43.1
N61 45.3
N-O/60-61 900.000 O61 45.9 44.325 44.0 -0.325 0.2 -58.5 58.5
M61 44.6
N61 45.3
M62 45.3
M-N/61-62 900.000 N62 46.5 45.425 45.0 -0.425 0.8 -306 306
N61 45.3
O61 45.9
N62 46.5
N-O/61-62 900.000 O62 47.4 46.275 45.0 -1.275 0.2 -229.5 229.5
M62 45.3
N62 46.5
M63 44.6
M-N/62-63 900.000 N63 45.9 45.575 44.0 -1.575 0.6 -850.5 850.5
N62 46.5
O62 47.4
N63 45.9
N-O/62-63 900.000 O63 46.7 46.625 44.0 -2.625 0.4 -945 945
M63 44.6
N63 45.9
M64 44.5
M-N/63-64 900.000 N64 45.2 45.05 43.0 -2.05 0.25 -461.25 461.25
N63 45.9
O63 46.7
N64 45.2
N-O/63-64 900.000 O64 45.2 45.75 43.0 -2.75 0.75 -1856.25 1856.25
M64 44.5
N64 45.2
M-N/64-65 900.000 M65 43.1 44.175 42.0 -2.175 0.2 -391.5 391.5

65
 N65 43.9
N64 45.2
O64 45.2
N65 43.9
N-O/64-65 900.000 O65 44.0 44.575 42.0 -2.575 0.9 -2085.75 2085.75
N65 43.9
O65 44.0
N66 41.4
N-O/65-66 900.000 O66 41.1 42.6 41.0 -1.6 0.9 -1296 1296
O65 44.0
P65 43.1
O66 41.1
O-P/65-66 900.000 P66 41.8 42.5 41.0 -1.5 0.08 -108 108
N66 41.4
O66 41.1
N67 39.4
N-O/66-67 900.000 O67 40.3 40.55 40.0 -0.55 0.9 -445.5 445.5
O66 41.1
P66 41.8
O67 40.3
O-P/66-67 900.000 P67 39.3 40.625 40.0 -0.625 0.1 -56.25 56.25
N67 39.4
O67 40.3
N68 36.6
N-O/67-68 900.000 O68 36.8 38.275 39.0 0.725 1 652.5 652.5
O67 40.3
P67 39.3
O68 36.8
O-P/67-68 900.000 P68 37.0 38.35 39.0 0.65 1 585 585

Total 26884.125 42483.375

Grid Area Average Proposed Level Difference, Grid Area Volume, m3

Grid Points OGL Volume
m2 OGL Level ∆ Factor
Cut Fill
A2 26.824
A3 27.572
A-B/2-3 379.827 27.074 25.5 -1.574 1 -597.943 597.943
B2 27.188
B3 26.713
A3 27.572
A4 27.468
A-B/3-4 379.827 27.121 25.5 -1.621 1 -615.795 615.795
B3 26.713
B4 26.732
A4 27.468
A5 28.071
A-B/4-5 379.827 27.348 25.5 -1.848 1 -701.730 701.730
B4 26.732
B5 27.119

66
 B2 27.188
B3 26.713 -
B-C/2-3 900 27.179 25.5 -1.679 1 1511.100
C2 27.35 1511.100
C3 27.465
B3 26.713
B4 26.732 -
B-C/3-4 900 26.680 25.5 -1.180 1 1062.225
C3 26.579 1062.225
C4 26.697
B4 26.732
B5 27.748 -
B-C/4-5 900 27.074 25.5 -1.574 1 1416.600
C4 26.697 1416.600
C5 27.119
B5 27.748
B6 28.707
B-C/5-6 900 27.703 26.8 -0.903 1 -812.925 812.925
C5 27.119
C6 27.239
B6 28.707
B7 28.976 -
B-C/6-7 900 28.129 26.8 -1.329 1 1195.875
C6 27.239 1195.875
C7 27.593
B7 28.976
B8 27.188
B-C/7-8 900 27.877 26.8 -1.077 1 -968.850 968.850
C7 27.593
C8 27.749
B8 27.188
B9 28.688
B-C/8-9 900 27.891 26.8 -1.091 1 -981.900 981.900
C8 27.749
C9 27.939
B9 28.688
B-C/9- B10 29.37 -
900 28.587 26.8 -1.787 1 1608.075
10 C9 27.939 1608.075
C10 28.35
B10 29.37
B-C/10- B11 29.085 -
900 28.700 26.8 -1.900 1 1709.550
11 C10 28.35 1709.550
C11 27.993
B11 29.085
B-C/11- B12 29.885 -
900 28.741 26.8 -1.941 1 1746.675
12 C11 27.993 1746.675
C12 28
B12 29.885
B-C/12- B13 29.27 -
900 28.804 26.8 -2.004 1 1803.375
13 C12 28 1803.375
C13 28.06
B13 29.27
B-C/13- B14 30.374 -
900 28.926 26.8 -2.126 1 1913.400
14 C13 28.06 1913.400
C14 28
C-D/1-2 900 C1 27.25 27.316 25.5 -1.816 1 - 1634.625

67
 C2 27.5 1634.625
D1 27.515
D2 27
C2 27.5
C3 26.4 -
C-D/2-3 900 26.915 25.5 -1.415 1 1273.050
D2 27 1273.050
D3 26.758
C3 26.4
C4 26.697 -
C-D/3-4 900 26.664 25.5 -1.164 1 1047.375
D3 26.758 1047.375
D4 26.8
C4 26.697
C5 27.119 -
C-D/4-5 900 26.904 25.5 -1.404 1 1263.600
D4 26.8 1263.600
D5 27
C5 27.119
C6 27.1
C-D/5-6 900 27.055 26.8 -0.255 1 -229.275 229.275
D5 27
D6 27
C6 27.1
C7 27.593
C-D/6-7 900 27.198 26.8 -0.398 1 -358.425 358.425
D6 27
D7 27.1
C7 27.593
C8 27.6
C-D/7-8 900 27.448 26.8 -0.648 1 -583.425 583.425
D7 27.1
D8 27.5
C8 27.6
C9 27.5
C-D/8-9 900 27.400 26.8 -0.600 1 -540.000 540.000
D8 27.5
D9 27
C9 27.5
C-D/9- C10 27.7
900 27.450 26.8 -0.650 1 -585.000 585.000
10 D9 27
D10 27.6
C10 27.7
C-D/10- C11 27.993
900 27.709 26.8 -0.909 1 -818.325 818.325
11 D10 27.6
D11 27.544
C11 27.993
C-D/11- C12 28.1
900 27.784 26.8 -0.984 1 -885.825 885.825
12 D11 27.544
D12 27.5
C12 28.1
C-D/12- C13 28
900 27.900 26.8 -1.100 1 -990.000 990.000
13 D12 27.5
D13 28
C-D/13- C13 28 -
900 28.200 26.8 -1.400 1 1260.000
14 C14 28.7 1260.000

68
 D13 28
D14 28.1
D1 27.515
D2 27 -
D-E/1-2 900 27.205 25.5 -1.705 1 1534.050
E1 27.303 1534.050
E2 27
D2 27
D3 26.758 -
D-E/2-3 900 26.892 25.5 -1.392 1 1252.575
E2 27 1252.575
E3 26.809
D3 26.758
D4 27 -
D-E/3-4 900 26.942 25.5 -1.442 1 1297.575
E3 26.809 1297.575
E4 27.2
D4 27
D5 27 -
D-E/4-5 900 27.050 25.5 -1.550 1 1395.000
E4 27.2 1395.000
E5 27
D5 27
D6 27
D-E/5-6 900 26.975 26.8 -0.175 1 -157.500 157.500
E5 27
E6 26.9
D6 27
D7 27.1
D-E/6-7 900 27.025 26.8 -0.225 1 -202.500 202.500
E6 26.9
E7 27.1
D7 27.1
D8 27.4
D-E/7-8 900 27.175 26.8 -0.375 1 -337.500 337.500
E7 27.1
E8 27.1
D8 27.4
D9 27.5
D-E/8-9 900 27.275 26.8 -0.475 1 -427.500 427.500
E8 27.1
E9 27.1
D9 27.5
D-E/9- D10 27.7
900 27.425 26.8 -0.625 1 -562.500 562.500
10 E9 27.1
E10 27.4
D10 27.7
D-E/10- D11 27.544
900 27.614 26.8 -0.814 1 -732.150 732.150
11 E10 27.4
E11 27.81
D11 27.544
D-E/11- D12 27.6
900 27.639 26.8 -0.839 1 -754.650 754.650
12 E11 27.81
E12 27.6
D12 27.6
D-E/12-
900 D13 28.1 27.848 26.8 -1.048 1 -943.425 943.425
13
E12 27.6

69
 E13 28.093
D13 28.1
D-E/13- 900 D14 28.4 28.148 26.8 -1.348 1 - 1213.425
14 1213.425
E13 28.093
E14 28
E1 27.2
E-F/1-2 900 E2 26.9 27.088 25.5 -1.588 1 - 1428.750
1428.750
F1 27.35
F2 26.9
E2 26.9
E-F/2-3 900 E3 26.809 26.877 25.5 -1.377 1 - 1239.525
F2 26.9 1239.525
F3 26.9
E3 26.809
E-F/3-4 900 E4 27.2 27.052 25.5 -1.552 1 - 1397.025
F3 26.9 1397.025

F4 27.3
E4 27.2
E-F/4-5 900 E5 27 27.175 25.5 -1.675 1 - 1507.500
1507.500
F4 27.3
F5 27.2
E5 27
E-F/5-6 900 E6 26.7 27.000 26.8 -0.200 1 -180.000 180.000
F5 27.2
F6 27.1
E6 26.7
E-F/6-7 900 E7 27.2 27.025 26.8 -0.225 1 -202.500 202.500
F6 27.1
F7 27.1
E7 27.2
E-F/7-8 900 E8 27 27.125 26.8 -0.325 1 -292.500 292.500
F7 27.1
F8 27.2
E8 27
E-F/8-9 900 E9 27.11 27.078 26.8 -0.278 1 -249.750 249.750
F8 27.2
F9 27
E9 27.11
E-F/9-10 900 E10 27.4 27.203 26.8 -0.402 1 -362.250 362.250
F9 27
F10 27.3
E10 27.4
E-F/10- 900 E11 27.79 27.510 26.8 -0.710 1 -639.000 639.000
11
F10 27.3
F11 27.55
E11 27.79
E-F/11- 900 E12 27.7 27.659 26.8 -0.859 1 -773.325 773.325
12
F11 27.55
F12 27.597

70
 E12 27.7
E-F/12- E13 28
900 27.824 26.8 -1.024 1 -921.825 921.825
13 F12 27.597
F13 28
E13 28
E-F/13- E14 28 -
900 28.000 26.8 -1.200 1 1080.000
14 F13 28 1080.000
F14 28
F1 27.38
F2 26.8 -
F-G/1-2 900 27.195 25.5 -1.695 1 1525.500
G1 27.4 1525.500
G2 27.2
F2 26.8
F3 26.8 -
F-G/2-3 900 26.850 25.5 -1.350 1 1215.000
G2 27.2 1215.000
G3 26.6
F3 26.8
F4 27.2 -
F-G/3-4 900 26.975 25.5 -1.475 1 1327.500
G3 26.6 1327.500
G4 27.3
F4 27.2
F5 27.1
F-G/4-5 900 27.250 26.8 -0.450 1 -405.000 405.000
G4 27.3
G5 27.4
F5 27.1
F6 27
F-G/5-6 900 27.120 26.8 -0.320 1 -288.000 288.000
G5 27.4
G6 26.98
F6 27
F7 27
F-G/6-7 900 26.895 26.8 -0.095 1 -85.500 85.500
G6 26.98
G7 26.6
F7 27
F8 26.7
F-G/7-8 900 26.750 26.8 0.050 1 45.000 45.000
G7 26.6
G8 26.7
F8 26.7
F9 27
F-G/8-9 900 26.850 26.8 -0.050 1 -45.000 45.000
G8 26.7
G9 27
F9 27
F-G/9- F10 27.3
900 27.175 26.8 -0.375 1 -337.500 337.500
10 G9 27
G10 27.4
F10 27.3
F-G/10- F11 27.5
900 27.393 26.8 -0.593 1 -533.700 533.700
11 G10 27.4
G11 27.372
F-G/11- 900 F11 27.5 27.542 26.8 -0.742 1 -668.025 668.025

71
 12 F12 27.597
G11 27.372
G12 27.7
F12 27.597
F-G/12- F13 28 -
900 27.924 26.8 -1.124 1 1011.825
13 G12 27.7 1011.825
G13 28.4
F13 28
F-G/13- F14 28.06 -
900 28.102 26.8 -1.302 1 1171.575
14 G13 28.4 1171.575
G14 27.947
G1 27
G2 27.45 -
G-H/1-2 900 26.858 25.5 -1.358 1 1222.425
H1 25.927 1222.425
H2 27.056
G2 27.45
G3 26.8 -
G-H/2-3 900 27.027 25.5 -1.527 1 1373.850
H2 27.056 1373.850
H3 26.8
G3 26.8
G4 27.3 -
G-H/3-4 900 26.975 25.5 -1.475 1 1327.500
H3 26.8 1327.500
H4 27
G4 27.3
G5 27.4
G-H/4-5 900 27.200 26.8 -0.400 1 -360.000 360.000
H4 27
H5 27.1
G5 27.4
G6 26.8
G-H/5-6 900 27.075 26.8 -0.275 1 -247.500 247.500
H5 27.1
H6 27
G6 26.8
G7 26.5
G-H/6-7 900 26.750 26.8 0.050 1 45.000 45.000
H6 27
H7 26.7
G7 26.5
G8 26.68
G-H/7-8 900 26.720 26.8 0.080 1 72.000 72.000
H7 26.7
H8 27
G8 26.68
G9 27
G-H/8-9 900 27.017 26.8 -0.217 1 -195.075 195.075
H8 27
H9 27.387
G9 27
G-H/9- G10 27.3
900 27.334 26.8 -0.534 1 -480.825 480.825
10 H9 27.387
H10 27.65
G-H/10- G10 27.3
900 27.456 26.8 -0.656 1 -589.950 589.950
11 G11 27.372
72
 H10 27.65
H11 27.5
G11 27.372
G-H/11- G12 27.6
900 27.526 26.8 -0.726 1 -653.175 653.175
12 H11 27.5
H12 27.631
G12 27.6
G-H/12- G13 27.9
900 27.783 26.8 -0.983 1 -884.475 884.475
13 H12 27.631
H13 28
G13 27.9
G-H/13- G14 27.947 -
900 28.024 26.8 -1.224 1 1101.825
14 H13 28 1101.825
H14 28.25
H1 25.927
H2 27.056
H-I/1-2 900 26.221 25.5 -0.721 1 -648.675 648.675
I1 26.35
I2 25.55
H2 27.056
H3 27.15
H-I/2-3 900 26.327 25.5 -0.827 1 -744.525 744.525
I2 25.55
I3 25.553
H3 27.15
H4 27
H-I/3-4 900 26.301 25.5 -0.801 1 -720.675 720.675
I3 25.553
I4 25.5
H4 27
H5 27.127
H-I/4-5 900 26.257 26.8 0.543 1 488.925 488.9
I4 25.5
I5 25.4
H5 27.127
H6 26.85
H-I/5-6 900 26.499 26.8 0.301 1 270.675 270.7
I5 25.4
I6 26.62
H6 26.85
H7 26.75
H-I/6-7 900 26.680 26.8 0.120 1 108.000 108.000
I6 26.62
I7 26.5
H7 26.75
H8 27.25
H-I/7-8 900 26.775 26.8 0.025 1 22.500 22.500
I7 26.5
I8 26.6
H8 27.25
H9 27.387
H-I/8-9 900 26.899 26.8 -0.098 1 -88.650 88.650
I8 26.6
I9 26.357
H9 27.387
H-I/9-10 900 H10 27.55 26.899 26.8 -0.098 1 -88.650 88.650
I9 26.357
73
 I10 26.3
H10 27.4
H-I/10- H11 27.55
900 26.967 26.8 -0.166 1 -149.850 149.850
11 I10 26.3
I11 26.616
H11 27.55
H-I/11- H12 27.631
900 27.399 26.8 -0.599 1 -539.325 539.325
12 I11 26.616
I12 27.8
H12 27.631
H-I/12- H13 27.85
900 27.735 26.8 -0.935 1 -841.725 841.725
13 I12 27.8
I13 27.66
H13 27.85
H-I/13- H14 28.48 -
900 27.921 26.8 -1.121 1 1008.675
14 I13 27.66 1008.675
I14 27.693
I1 26.1
I2 25.55
I-J/1-2 900 25.784 25.5 -0.284 1 -255.150 255.150
J1 25.884
J2 25.6
I2 25.55
I3 25.553
I-J/2-3 900 25.598 25.5 -0.098 1 -87.750 87.750
J2 25.6
J3 25.687
I3 25.553
I4 25.62
I-J/3-4 900 25.585 25.5 -0.085 1 -76.500 76.500
J3 25.687
J4 25.48
I4 25.62
I5 25.4
I-J/4-5 900 25.595 26.8 1.205 1 1084.500 1084.5
J4 25.48
J5 25.88
I5 25.4
I6 26.6
I-J/5-6 900 26.005 26.8 0.795 1 715.725 715.7
J5 25.88
J6 26.139
I6 26.6
I7 26.6
I-J/6-7 900 26.535 26.8 0.265 1 238.725 238.725
J6 26.139
J7 26.8
I7 26.6
I8 26.736
I-J/7-8 900 26.609 26.8 0.191 1 171.900 171.900
J7 26.8
J8 26.3
I8 26.736
I9 27
I-J/8-9 900 26.747 26.8 0.053 1 48.150 48.150
J8 26.3
J9 26.95
74
 I9 27
I10 26.38
I-J/9-10 900 26.538 26.8 0.262 1 236.250 236.250
J9 26.95
J10 25.82
I10 26.38
I11 26.616
I-J/10-11 900 26.254 26.8 0.546 1 491.400 491.400
J10 25.82
J11 26.2
I11 26.616
I12 28
I-J/11-12 900 26.704 26.8 0.096 1 86.400 86.400
J11 26.2
J12 26
I12 28
I13 27.66
I-J/12-13 900 26.940 26.8 -0.140 1 -126.000 126.000
J12 26
J13 26.1
I13 27.66
I14 27.693
I-J/13-14 900 27.051 26.8 -0.251 1 -225.675 225.675
J13 26.1
J14 26.75
J1 25.884
J2 25.72
J-K/1-2 900 25.171 25.5 0.329 1 296.100 296.100
K1 25.08
K2 24
J2 25.72
J3 25.687
J-K/2-3 900 24.902 25.5 0.598 1 538.425 538.4
K2 24
K3 24.2
J3 25.687
J4 25.58
J-K/3-4 900 25.224 25.5 0.276 1 248.400 248.400
K3 24.2
K4 25.429
J4 25.58
J5 25.88
J-K/4-5 900 25.562 26.8 1.238 1 1113.975 1114.0
K4 25.429
K5 25.36
J5 25.88
J6 26.1
J-K/5-6 900 25.961 26.8 0.840 1 755.550 755.6
K5 25.362
K6 26.5
J6 26.1
J7 26.8
J-K/6-7 900 26.275 26.8 0.525 1 472.500 472.5
K6 26.5
K7 25.7
J7 26.8
J8 26.8
J-K/7-8 900 26.450 26.8 0.350 1 315.000 315.0
K7 25.7
K8 26.5
J-K/8-9 900 J8 26.8 26.476 26.8 0.324 1 291.375 291.4

75
 J9 27
K8 26.5
K9 25.605
J9 27
J10 25.8
J-K/9-10 900 26.139 26.8 0.661 1 595.125 595.1
K9 25.605
K10 26.15
J10 25.8
J-K/10- J11 26
900 25.958 26.8 0.843 1 758.250 758.3
11 K10 26.15
K11 25.88
J11 26.2
J-K/11- J12 26.35
900 25.983 26.8 0.818 1 735.750 735.8
12 K11 25.88
K12 25.5
J12 26.35
J-K/12- J13 26.25
900 25.925 26.8 0.875 1 787.500 787.5
13 K12 25.5
K13 25.6
J13 26.25
J-K/13- J14 26.65
900 26.190 26.8 0.611 1 549.450 549.5
14 K13 25.6
K14 26.258

Grid Area Average Proposed Level Grid Area Volume (m3)

Grid Volume
m2 OGL Level Difference(m) Factor
Points OGL Cut Fill
K1 24.55
K2 25.2
K-L/1-2 900 24.990 26.2 1.210 1 1089.000 1089.0
L1 25.36
L2 24.85
K2 25.2
K3 27.679
K-L/2-3 900 25.658 26.2 0.542 1 488.025 488.0
L2 24.85
L3 24.902
K3 27.679
K4 27.9
K-L/3-4 900 25.788 26.2 0.412 1 371.025 371.0
L3 24.902
L4 22.67
K4 27.9
K5 27.355
K-L/4-5 900 25.794 26.2 0.406 1 365.625 365.6
L4 22.67
L5 25.25
K5 27.355
K6 26.139
K-L/5-6 900 26.016 26.2 0.184 1 165.600 165.6
L5 25.25
L6 25.32
L1 25.36
L-M/1-2 900 25.112 26.2 1.089 1 979.650 979.7
L2 24.85

76
 M1 24.96
M2 25.276
L2 24.85
L3 24.902
L-M/2-3 900 25.132 26.2 1.068 1 961.200 961.2
M2 25.276
M3 25.5
L3 24.902
L4 22.62
L-M/3-4 900 24.656 26.2 1.545 1 1390.050 1390.1
M3 25.5
M4 25.6
L4 22.67
L5 25.3
L-M/4-5 900 24.830 26.2 1.370 1 1233.000 1233.0
M4 25.6
M5 25.75
L5 25.3
L6 25.35
L-M/5-6 900 24.950 26.2 1.250 1 1125.000 1125.0
M5 25.75
M6 23.4
M1 24.96
M2 25.276
M-N/1-2 900 25.029 26.2 1.171 1 1053.900 1053.9
N1 24.48
N2 25.4
M2 25.276
M3 25.5
M-N/2-3 900 25.369 26.2 0.831 1 747.900 747.9
N2 25.4
N3 25.3
M3 25.5
M4 25.6
M-N/3-4 900 25.450 26.2 0.750 1 675.000 675.0
N3 25.3
N4 25.4
M4 25.6
M5 25.75
M-N/4-5 900 25.633 26.2 0.567 1 510.750 510.7
N4 25.4
N5 25.78
M5 25.75
M6 23.4
M-N/5-6 900 24.958 26.2 1.243 1 1118.250 1118.3
N5 25.78
N6 24.9
N1 24.48
N2 25.4
N-O/1-2 900 24.755 26.2 1.445 1 1300.725 1300.7
O1 24.081
O2 25.058
N2 25.4
N3 25.3
N-O/2-3 900 25.277 26.2 0.923 1 830.700 830.7
O2 25.058
O3 25.35
N3 25.3
N-O/3-4 900 N4 25.4 25.350 26.2 0.850 1 765.000 765.0
O3 25.35

77
 O4 25.35
N4 25.4
N5 25.78
N-O/4-5 900 25.475 26.2 0.725 1 652.500 652.5
O4 25.35
O5 25.37
N5 25.78
N6 24.9
N-O/5-6 900 25.413 26.2 0.787 1 708.750 708.7
O5 25.37
O6 25.6
O1 24.081
O2 25.058
O-P/1-2 900 24.835 26.2 1.365 1 1228.725 1228.7
P1 25
P2 25.2
O2 25.058
O3 25.35
O-P/2-3 900 25.276 26.2 0.924 1 831.600 831.6
P2 25.2
P3 25.496
O3 25.35
O4 25.35
O-P/3-4 900 25.422 26.2 0.778 1 700.650 700.6
P3 25.496
P4 25.49
O4 25.35
O5 25.37
O-P/4-5 900 25.453 26.2 0.747 1 672.750 672.7
P4 25.49
P5 25.6
O5 25.37
O6 25.6
O-P/5-6 900 25.043 26.2 1.158 1 1041.750 1041.8
P5 25.6
P6 23.6
P1 25
P2 25.2
P-Q/1-2 900 24.785 26.2 1.415 1 1273.500 1273.5
Q1 25.49
Q2 23.45
P2 25.2
P3 25.496
P-Q/2-3 900 24.832 26.2 1.369 1 1231.650 1231.7
Q2 23.45
Q3 25.18
P3 25.496
P4 25.49
P-Q/3-4 900 25.364 26.2 0.836 1 752.400 752.4
Q3 25.18
Q4 25.29
P4 25.49
P5 25.6
P-Q/4-5 900 25.395 26.2 0.805 1 724.500 724.5
Q4 25.29
Q5 25.2
P5 25.6
P6 23.6
P-Q/5-6 900 24.458 26.2 1.743 1 1568.250 1568.3
Q5 25.2
Q6 23.43

78
 Q1 25.49
Q2 23.45
Q-R/1-2 900 24.848 26.2 1.353 1 1217.250 1217.3
R1 25.2
R2 25.25
Q2 23.45
Q3 25.18
Q-R/2-3 900 24.845 26.2 1.355 1 1219.500 1219.5
R2 25.25
R3 25.5
Q3 25.18
Q4 25.29
Q-R/3-4 900 25.305 26.2 0.895 1 805.500 805.5
R3 25.5
R4 25.25
Q4 25.29
Q5 25.2
Q-R/4-5 900 25.303 26.2 0.898 1 807.750 807.8
R4 25.25
R5 25.47
Q5 25.2
Q6 23.43
Q-R/5-6 900 24.500 26.2 1.700 1 1530.000 1530.0
R5 25.47
R6 23.9
R1 25.2
R2 25.25
R-S/1-2 900 25.189 26.2 1.011 1 909.675 909.7
S1 25.107
S2 25.2
R2 25.25
R3 25.5
R-S/2-3 900 25.263 26.2 0.938 1 843.750 843.8
S2 25.2
S3 25.1
R3 25.5
R4 25.25
R-S/3-4 900 25.213 26.2 0.988 1 888.750 888.8
S3 25.1
S4 25
R4 25.25
R5 25.47
R-S/4-5 900 25.230 26.2 0.970 1 873.000 873.0
S4 25
S5 25.2
R5 25.47
R6 23.9
R-S/5-6 900 24.930 26.2 1.270 1 1143.000 1143.0
S5 25.2
S6 25.15
S1 25.107
S2 25.2
S-T/1-2 900 25.027 26.2 1.173 1 1055.925 1055.9
T1 25
T2 24.8
S2 25.2
S3 25.1
S-T/2-3 900 24.938 26.2 1.263 1 1136.250 1136.3
T2 24.8
T3 24.65
S-T/3-4 900 S3 25.1 24.963 26.2 1.238 1 1113.750 1113.8

79
 S4 25
T3 24.65
T4 25.1
S4 25
S5 25.2
S-T/4-5 900 25.183 26.2 1.018 1 915.750 915.7
T4 25.1
T5 25.43
S5 25.2
S6 25.15
S-T/5-6 900 25.342 26.2 0.858 1 772.200 772.2
T5 25.43
T6 25.588
T1 25
T2 24.8
T-U/1-2 900 24.950 26.2 1.250 1 1125.000 1125.0
U1 25
U2 25
T2 24.8
T3 24.65
T-U/2-3 900 24.838 26.2 1.363 1 1226.250 1226.3
U2 25
U3 24.9
T3 24.65
T4 25.1
T-U/3-4 900 24.963 26.2 1.238 1 1113.750 1113.8
U3 24.9
U4 25.2
T4 25.1
T5 25.43
T-U/4-5 900 25.258 26.2 0.942 1 848.250 848.2
U4 25.2
U5 25.3
T5 25.43
T6 25.588
T-U/5-6 900 25.436 26.2 0.764 1 688.050 688.0
U5 25.3
U6 25.424
U1 25
U2 25
U-V/1-2 900 24.750 26.2 1.450 1 1305.000 1305.0
V1 24
V2 25
U2 25
U3 24.9
U-V/2-3 900 25.000 26.2 1.200 1 1080.000 1080.0
V2 25
V3 25.1
U3 24.9
U4 25.2
U-V/3-4 900 25.125 26.2 1.075 1 967.500 967.5
V3 25.1
V4 25.3
U4 25.2
U5 25.3
U-V/4-5 900 25.275 26.2 0.925 1 832.500 832.5
V4 25.3
V5 25.3
U5 25.3
U-V/5-6 900 25.344 26.2 0.857 1 770.850 770.9
U6 25.424
80
 V5 25.3
V6 25.35
V1 24
V2 25
V-W/1-2 900 24.775 26.2 1.425 1 1282.500 1282.5
W1 25.1
W2 25
V2 25
V3 25.1
V-W/2-3 900 25.075 26.2 1.125 1 1012.500 1012.5
W2 25
W3 25.2
V3 25.1
V4 25.3
V-W/3-4 900 25.300 26.2 0.900 1 810.000 810.0
W3 25.2
W4 25.6
V4 25.3
V5 25.3
V-W/4-5 900 25.500 26.2 0.700 1 630.000 630.0
W4 25.6
W5 25.8
V5 25.3
V6 25.35
V-W/5-6 900 25.563 26.2 0.637 1 573.750 573.7
W5 25.8
W6 25.8
TOTAL 75961.618 65528.100

Overall Volume
Grid
Cut Fill
K-W/6-14 & L-U/14-23 9553.14 62418.78
A-L/14-23 & A-O/23-36 104089.7 24428.34
O-R/23-36 34405.425 53926.425
A-K/1-14 & K-W/1-6 75961.618 65528.1

Grand Total 224010 206302

Total Area 567869.48

Table 2.3.4 : Total volume Cut and Fill

81
 3.4 SLOPE STABILITY
Slope stability is critical in any construction project because it ensures safety by
preventing slope failure on the job site. A slope failure occurs when a slope collapses
suddenly due to the earth's diminished self-retaining ability as a result of rainfall or an
earthquake. Many individuals are unable to escape a sudden collapse of a slope if it
occurs near a residential area, resulting in a higher rate of fatalities.

3.4.1 Bishop Simplified Method

The Bishop simplified approach employs the idea of static equilibrium of soil slices to
calculate the factor of safety, which determines the slope stability for a given slope. This
method assumes that the standard inter-slice force, E1 E2, is not equal. The horizontal
compressive force, H1 and Hr, will be applied to a slice of soil in this way. The slice has
its own weight, W and shear force, T.

Diagram 2.4.1 a) The slice of bishop method Diagram 2.4.1.b) Force for single slice in
and its parameters Bishop Method

82
3.4.2 Bishop Method
Bishop method assumes the resultant of vertical inter-slice forces is equal to zero.
The summation of horizontal inter-slice force is not zero.

83
 Figure 2.4.2 : Development Area with Proposed Level

The most critical place with height difference of 3m between the reservoir
and the road.

The value that has been assumed

are: Unit weight : 25

kN/m2
Specific gravity,G : 2.7
Internal friction angle,ϕ : 20o Cohesive strength,c : 6.5

All the trials are done with 1:1 slope ratio

84
3.4.3 Procedure Checking Slope Stability Using Bishop Simplified Method

1. Assume the radius of circular failure slope that has been drawn using
AutoCAD

2. Slice the failure slope into 10

3. Draw a straight line from the center of the curve until the point of
action of W (half of one slice)

4. Assemble all the soil parameters from the borehole into the spreadsheet
in Microsoft Excel to obtain the F.S value.

5. Assume the initial value of F.S and repeat the step of successive
iteration until a constant value is obtained.

6. Check the final F.S ( more than 1 )

85
 First trial

Radius: 5m

30.5 m

27.5 m

Unit
Slice Area(m2) Weight(kN/m2),W α W sin α Width(m),b
weight

1 25 1.7473 43.683 66 39.906 0.9

2 25 3.056 76.400 47 55.875 0.9
3 25 3.3168 82.920 33 45.161 0.9
4 25 2.9219 73.048 22 27.364 0.9
5 25 2.3524 58.810 11 11.221 0.9
6 25 1.829 45.725 1 0.798 0.9
7 25 1.7251 43.128 10 7.489 0.9
8 25 1.5041 37.603 21 13.476 0.9
9 25 1.1003 27.508 32 14.577 0.9
10 25 0.4407 11.018 45 7.791 0.9
Total 223.658

86
 FS
Cb tan ϕ W tan ϕ
(right)

5.85 0.364 1.3 15.900 50.390

5.85 0.364 1.3 27.807 53.207
5.85 0.364 1.3 30.180 46.775
5.85 0.364 1.3 26.587 37.402
5.85 0.364 1.3 21.405 28.808
5.85 0.364 1.3 16.643 22.576
5.85 0.364 1.3 15.697 22.557
5.85 0.364 1.3 13.686 21.923
5.85 0.364 1.3 10.012 19.243
5.85 0.364 1.3 4.010 12.428
Total 315.310

FS = 315.310/223.658
= 1.410

Second trial

Radius: 5.5m

30.5 m

27.5 m

87
 Unit
Slice Area(m2) Weight(kN/m2),W α W sin α Width(m),b
weight

1 25 2.181 54.53 65 49.421 1.01

2 25 3.767 94.173 46 67.742 1.01
3 25 3.900 97.480 33 53.091 1.01
4 25 3.399 84.973 21 30.451 1.01
5 25 2.700 67.493 10 11.720 1.01
6 25 2.515 62.883 1 1.097 1.01
7 25 2.409 60.213 11 11.489 1.01
8 25 2.099 52.465 22 19.654 1.01
9 25 1.544 38.593 34 21.581 1.01
10 25 0.627 15.680 48 11.653 1.01
Total 277.900

FS W tan ϕ
Cb tan ϕ
(right)

6.565 0.364 1.3 19.847 60.216

6.565 0.364 1.3 34.274 63.839
6.565 0.364 1.3 35.480 54.676
6.565 0.364 1.3 30.927 42.885
6.565 0.364 1.3 24.565 32.711
6.565 0.364 1.3 22.887 29.568
6.565 0.364 1.3 21.916 30.071
6.565 0.364 1.3 19.096 29.227
6.565 0.364 1.3 14.047 25.879
6.565 0.364 1.3 5.707 16.476
Total 385.548

FS = 385.548/277.900
= 1.387

88
 Third trial

Radius : 6m

30.5 m

27.5 m

Unit
Slice Area(m2) Weight(kN/m2),W α W sin α Width(m),b
weight

1 25 2.652 66.31 65 60.097 1.12

2 25 4.509 112.725 46 81.088 1.12
3 25 4.513 112.815 32 59.783 1.12
4 25 3.884 97.108 20 33.213 1.12
5 25 3.301 82.528 9 12.910 1.12
6 25 3.342 83.548 2 2.916 1.12
7 25 3.189 79.728 12 16.576 1.12
8 25 2.780 69.51 24 28.272 1.12
9 25 2.056 51.405 36 30.215 1.12
10 25 0.845 21.128 51 16.419 1.12
Total 341.489

89
 FS
Cb tan ϕ W tan ϕ
(right)

7.28 0.364 1.3 24.135 72.521

7.28 0.364 1.3 41.029 75.837
7.28 0.364 1.3 41.061 62.209
7.28 0.364 1.3 35.3441 48.365
7.28 0.364 1.3 30.038 39.014
7.28 0.364 1.3 30.409 38.005
7.28 0.364 1.3 29.018 38.652
7.28 0.364 1.3 25.300 37.964
7.28 0.364 1.3 18.710 33.757
7.28 0.364 1.3 7.690 21.486
Total 467.810

FS = 467.810/341.489
= 1.370

The lowest FS is 1.370 > 1.3. Therefore, the slope is safe.

Graph 2.4.1 b) : Safety Factor vs Radius

90
CHAPTER 4
COST
ESTIMATION

91
 4.1 INTRODUCTION

The process of forecasting the financial and other resources required to accomplish a
project within a stated scope is known as cost estimating in project management. A cost
estimation is an approximation of overall total cost of a project or operation including site
clearing, excavation of topsoil, cut work which involves soil excavation and transportation of
excavated soil, fill work which includes soil spreading and layering, and compaction of the
soil. The cost estimate has a single total value and may have identifiable component values.
A problem overrun can be avoided with a credible, reliable and accurate cost estimate. In this
project, we also estimated the total time taken to finish the earthwork process.
Estimates for the cost of facility construction are a major part of the cost estimate
domain. A construction general contractor or subcontractor must normally prepare definitive
cost estimates to prepare bids in the construction bidding process to compete for award of the
contract. Although many estimators participate in the bidding and procurement processes,
those are not a necessary function of cost estimate preparation. Earlier estimates are prepared
by differing methods by estimators and others to support the planning process and to compare
with bids. The complementary role for the cost estimating is to provide support and evidence
to help with the planning process and efficient work force distribution for the proper project
flow and reduce any wastage or surcharge of cost in handling the material or work force in
the site. The total gross cost is usually being accumulated from all the departments that
requires adequate costing in ensuring the job is done.
In this report, we estimated the total cost for the earthwork process. Besides, we use
the rent cost for all machinery. This can lower initial investment, access to a broader range
of equipment at all times, latest equipment usually offered and maintenance, insurance
handled by another party. We are assigned to proposed cost estimation for the earthwork that
covers the cost for the site clearing, excavation of topsoil, cut and fill work, disposal of
excess soil and slope protection in providing the cost reduction for the project and
calculation that has been done before to get cost deduction of more than 20% than the
original planning. The build-up rate from our company for cut and fill was provided along
with the other in-site value to be included inside the calculation that will be made.

92
 4.1.1 SCOPE
This method statement describes a proposed cost estimating of earthwork for Project LMX
Consultant Sdn. Bhd. and a proper work procedure shall be carried out during the excavation
stage as per specification and contract drawings. It includes the approximation of total cost
project, selecting suitable materials and the value of engineering value. This method also
provides practical guidance to manage health and safety risks associated with excavation
activity.

4.1.2 OBJECTIVE

✓ To estimate the cost required for the excavation of Project LMX Consultant area which
includes striping of soil, disposal and cut and fill earthwork.
✓ To define the procedures to make sure the proposed materials and workmanship to be used
at the site are complying with the requirements as stipulated in the specifications.
✓ To analyse a project plan and its specification to prepare a bill of quantity and statement
bill, which will list out all the individual elements that will comprise the works.

4.1.3 EARTHWORK SPECIFICATION

4.1.3.1 SITE CLEARANCE

Site clearing involves the removal of trees and the clearing of the land which may require
professional engineering equipment where it is the most rapid and efficient method rather
than clearing the land manually. It involves cutting of trees, removal of stump, tree disposal,
excavation of topsoil and transportation of the removal of topsoil. In a short sentence, the
whole site needs to be cleared to the extent as shown in the drawing.

4.1.3.2 CUT AND FILL

Cutting and filling is the process of moving earth from one place to another to make the
ground more level. A 'cut' is made when earth is cut from above the desired ground height
and a 'fill' is when earth is used to fill a hole to desired ground level.

4.1.3.3 COMPACTION

All material used in the fill platform should be compacted as soon as spreaded. Fill materials

93
should generally be placed in layers and uniformly compacted to the satisfaction of the
Engineer before the next layer is applied.

4.1.3.4 SLOPE PROTECTION

All exposed earth slopes should be protected with a permanent protection and shall be
approved by the S.O. It is a responsibility of the contractor to provide slope protection in a
diligent manner on completion of the project.

94
4.2 GANTT CHART

95
4.3 COST OF EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT AND OPERATING

COST OF
COST OF EQUIPMENT
EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
EQUIPMENT CAPACITY
PER DAY
USAGE PER PER HOUR
DAY

BULLDOZER RM 848.80 RM75.35 280m2

(KOMATSU D275A-5)

SPECIFICATION

Displacement : 10.50 L
Max. Speed : 7 km/hr
Fuel Tank Capacity : 320 L
Efficiency : 69 m3 per pass
Torque : 1900 rpm

EXCAVATOR RM 864.80 RM107.81 252m3

(KOMATSU PC400LSCE-7)

SPECIFICATION

Displacement : 15.20 L
Max. Speed : 6.0 km/hr
Fuel Tank Capacity : 320 L
Bucket Capacity : 3.8 m3
Torque : 1800 rpm

96
 COST OF COST OF EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR CAPACITY

EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT USAGE PER PER DAY PER HOUR

DAY

DUMP TRUCK RM 708.33 RM101.41 120m3

(HINO BG260C)

SPECIFICATION

Displacement : 11 596 cc
Max. Speed : 78 km/hr
Fuel Tank Capacity : 380 L
Cargo Capacity (volume) : 16 m3
Cargo Capacity (weight) : 43000 kg
Travel Speed on Site : 20 km/hr
Dump Time : 90 s

PLATE COMPACTOR RM 650.00 RM103.90 152m3

(CATERPILLAR 825H)

SPECIFICATION

Displacement : 4400 cc
Max. Speed : 11.40 km/hr
Fuel Tank Capacity : 242 L
Drum width : 2.134 m3
Grass Power : 157 HP

97
 COST OF COST OF EQUIPMENT
EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT OPERATOR CAPACITY
USAGE PER PER DAY PER HOUR
DAY

RM 922.40 RM97.45 310 m3

GRADER
(CATERPILLAR 14H GLOBAL)

SPECIFICATION

Max Speed = 42.7 km/h

Average speed , S = 10 km/h

RM950.00 RM118.70 25 tonnes

CRANE
(Kobelco RK250)

Max Lifting Capacity = 25 metric ton

98
 COST OF COST OF EQUIPMENT
EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT OPERATOR CAPACITY
USAGE PER PER DAY PER HOUR
DAY

RM 922.40 RM97.45 325 gallons

HYDROSEEDER
(Turfmaker® Model 325 Hydroseeder)

SPECIFICATION

Max Speed = 42.7 km/h

Average speed , S = 10 km/h

99
4.4 PRODUCTION RATE OF MACHINERIES
● Working hour per day: 8hr

EXCAVATOR (Model: Komatsu PC300-SE7)

Average height of tree 18 m

No. of swing 30/tree

FOR Typical cycle time 0.21min/tree

CUTTING
TREES Time cycle per tree 30 x 0.21 = 6 min

Production output per hour 1 x 60/time cycle per tree

1 x 60/6 = 10 tree/hr

Production output per day 10 x 8 = 80 tree/day

Size of bucket 2.3 m3 (choose)

Dagging depth 1.8 m (based on komatsu handbook,

page 15a-10 & page 2a-109)

Typical cycle time per hour 0.32min (komatsu handbook page 15a-
10 table 11)

Ideal max production rate 637 m3/hr (from table estimated hourly
production page 2a-109)

FOR Correction Factor For Less-Than-Ideal Condition

CUTTING
SOIL Material-Weight Correction 0.74
Factor

Operator Correction Factor 0.8

Material-Type Correction Factor 0.8

Operating Technique Correction 1

Factor

100
 Visibility Correction Factor 1

Efficiency factor 0.83

Machine Transmission Factor 1

Bucket Fill Factor 1

Total Correction Factor 0.39

Production rate per hour 637 x 0.39 = 248.43 m3/hr

Production rate per day 248.43 x 8 = 1987.44 m3/day

BULLDOZER (Model : Komatsu D75S-5)

Average dozing distance 100 m

Actual material unit weight 3100 lb/LCY

Ideal max production rate 380 m3/hr (From table Estimated Hourly Production Rate)

Correction Factor For Less-Than-Ideal Condition

Material-Weight Correction 0.74

Factor

Operator Correction Factor 0.8

Material-Type Correction Factor 0.8

Operating Technique Correction 1

Factor

Visibility Correction Factor 1

Efficiency Factor 0.83

101
Machine Transmission Factor 1

Bucket Fill Factor 1

Total Correction Factor 0.39

Production rate per hour 380 x 0.39 = 148.20 m3/hr

Production rate per day 148.20 x 8 = 1185.60 m3/day

DUMP TRUCK (Model : Nissan 10 Tonnes)

Truck capacity 10 m3

Bucket load 10/2.3 : 4.35 ≈ 4

Haul speed 30 km/hr

Return speed 60 km/hr

Load time 0.32 x 4 : 1 min

(No of bucket load x Cycle time of excavator)

Haul time 10 min

Return time 5 min

Dump time 2 min

Production rate per hour 467 m3/hr

Production rate per day 3733 m3/day

COMPACTOR (Model : Caterpillar 815F-2)

Width per pass (0.991*2)-0.2 = 1.782

Speed 9.5

102
Thickness 0.15

Ideal max production rate 471 m3/hr (From table Estimated Hourly Production Rate)

No. of passes required 6

Correction Factor For Less-Than-Ideal Condition

Material-Weight Correction 0.74

Factor

Operator Correction Factor 0.8

Material-Type Correction Factor 0.8

Operating Technique Correction 1

Factor

Visibility Correction Factor 1

Efficiency Factor 0.83

Machine Transmission Factor 1

Bucket Fill Factor 1

Total correction factor 0.39

Production rate per hour 471 x 0.39 = 184 m3/hr

Production rate per day 184 x 8 = 1472 m3/day

GRADER (Model : Caterpillar 14H Global)

Working speed 8 km/hr (Komatsu Handbook page 15A-20)

Effective blade length 4m

Width of overlap 0.3 m

103
Grader efficiency 0.6

Production rate per hour 8 × (4 - 0.3) × 1000 × 0.6 = 17760 m2/hr

Production rate per day 142080 m2/day

CRANE (Model : Kobelco RK250)

Max Lifting Capacity 25 Metric Ton

Ideal Max Crane Production Rate 400 m3 /hr

Correction Factor 0.39

Production rate per hour 400 x 0.39 = 156 m3 /hr

Production rate per day 1248 m3 /day

HYDROSEEDER (Turfmaker® Model 325 Hydroseeder)

Total area covered per tank load 144.93 m2

Typical cycle time to spray one 11min

tank load-hose application

Typical time to load and mix one 4 min

tank load cycle time

Total cycle time per tank load 15min

Production rate per hour 14493 x (60/15) = 579.72 m2/hr

Production rate per day 4637.76 m2/day

104
 SUMMARY OF COST MACHINERIES
Table below shows the types of machines with its model, diesel and lubricant consumption
and labour and its wages according to CIDB 2018 Labour Wages Rates. The daily salary is
for work completed in an 8-hour workday. It is a cash wage that is paid to the operator before
any deductions for levy fees, accommodation, insurance, medical, and transportation costs.

LABOUR
LABOUR WAGE
WAGE SEMI-
LUBRICAT (ACCORDIN SKILLED
MACHINE MODEL DIESEL OR G TO CIDB (ACCORDIN
(RM2.12/L) (RM35/L) 2018 LABOR G TO CIDB
WAGES) 2018 LABOR
WAGES)

Excavator Komatsu
Pc400lsce-7 9L/hr 18L/week RM107.81/day -

Dump Hino Bg260c 12L/hr 2L/week RM101.41/day RM77.21/day

Truck

Bulldozer Komatsu 18L/hr 36L/week RM75.35/day -

D275a-5

Grader Caterpillar
14h Global 35L/hr 12L/week RM97.45/day -

Compactor Caterpillar 12L/hr 24L/week RM103.90/day RM77.53/day

825h

Crane Kobelco 12L/hr 18L/week RM118.70/day -

Rk250

Hydroseeder Turfmaker® 8L/hr 18L/week RM95/day -

Model 325
Hydroseeder

105
4.5 EARTHWORK

TOTAL AREA (m2) TOTAL VOLUME (m3)

CUT FILL

224010 206302
567869.481

430312

DIFFERENCES : 17708 m3
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE : 7.91%w

106
 ZONE 1
TOTAL AREA (m2) DIFFERENCE VOLUME (m3)

CUT FILL

35622
31102.425 45871.875

-14769.45

ZONE 2

TOTAL AREA (m2) DIFFERENCE VOLUME (m3)

CUT FILL

164673
65332.123 25264.17

+40067.953

ZONE 3
TOTAL AREA (m2) DIFFERENCE VOLUME (m3)

CUT FILL

149355
43197.148 38639.48

+4557.668

ZONE 4
TOTAL AREA (m2) DIFFERENCE VOLUME (m3)

CUT FILL

218219.481
84378.178 96526.13

-12147.932

107
4.6 INITIAL COST ESTIMATION

SITE CLEARANCE

CUTTING TREES

Total site area 567869.481 m2

Average number of tree in an 135 trees per 10,000 m2

area

Total number of trees = (567869.481m2/10000m2) x 135 trees

= 7666.24 trees ≈ 7700trees

Assumptions of cutting trees 700 trees/day

1 labour output 70 trees/day (RM 107.81)

Labour output cost RM107.81 x 10 = RM1078.10

1 excavator output 70 trees/day (RM 864.80)

Excavator output cost RM864.80 x 10 = RM8648.00

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 9L x 8 hour = RM152.64

RM152.64 x 10 unit = RM1526.40

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 18/7 = RM90.00

RM 90.00 x 10 unit = RM900.00

Total cost per day RM1078.10 + RM8648.00 + RM1526.40 + RM900.00

= RM 12,152.50

Cost per tree RM12152.50/(700trees/day) = RM 17.36

Cost per tree (+20% profit) RM17.36 + 3.47 = RM20.83

Total time taken 7700 trees ÷ (700trees/day) = 11 days

108
TOTAL COST RM20.83/tree x 7700 trees = RM 160,391.00

REMOVAL OF STUMPS

Total site area 567869.481 m2

1 labour output RM75.35/day

Labour output cost RM75.35 x 15 = RM1130.25

1 bulldozer output 280 m2/hour x 8 = 2240 m2/day (RM848.80)

Bulldozer output cost 2240 m2/day x 15 unit = 33600 m2/day

RM848.80 x 15 = RM12732.00

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 18 L x 8 hr = RM305.28

RM305.28 x 15 unit = RM4579.20

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 36/7 = RM180.00

RM180.00 x 15 unit = RM2700.00

Total cost per day RM1130.25 + RM12732.00 + RM4579.20 + RM2700.00

= RM 21141.45

Cost per m2 RM21141.45/(33600m2/day) = RM 0.63

Cost per m2 (+20% profit) RM0.63 + 0.13 = RM0.76

Total time taken 567869.481 m2 ÷33600 m2/day = 17 days

TOTAL COST RM0.76 x 567869.481 m2 = RM431580.80

TREE DISPOSAL

Total number of trees 7700 trees

1 labour output RM101.41

Labour cost output RM101.41 x 20 = RM2028.20

1 truck output 15 trees/trip x 8 = 120 trees/day (RM708.33)

109
Truck cost output 120 trees x 20 = 2400 trees/day
RM708.33 x 20 = RM14166.60

Distance travel 8 km

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return speed of truck 60km/h

Travel time 40min

Load time 15min

Disposal time 5min

Total time taken 40min + 15min + 5min = 60min ≈1hour/trip

Loading per hour 60 ÷ 15min = 4

Number of trees per hour 15 trees/trip x 1trip/hour = 15 trees/hr

Total trees per day 15trees x 20 = 300 trees/hour

300trees x 8hour =2400trees/day

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 12L x 8h = RM203.52

(dump truck) RM203.52 x 20 unit = RM4070.40

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 2L/7 = RM10

(dump truck) RM10 x 20 unit = RM200

Total cost per day RM2028.20 + RM14166.60 + RM4070.40 + RM200

(dump truck) = RM 20465.20

1 labour output 60 trees/day (RM 107.81)

Labour output cost RM107.81 x 5 = RM 539.05

1 excavator output 60 trees/hr x 8 = 480trees/day (RM864.80)

(4 dump truck per excavator)

Excavator output cost 480 trees/day x 5 unit = 2400 trees/day

110
 RM864.80 x 5 unit = RM4324.00

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 9L x 8 hour = RM152.64

(excavator) RM152.64 x 5 unit = RM763.20

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 18/7 = RM90.00

(excavator) RM 90.00 x 5 unit = RM450.00

Total cost per day RM539.05 + RM4324.00 + RM763.20 + RM450

(excavator) = RM6076.25

Total cost per day RM20465.20 + RM6076.25 = RM26541.45

(Dump truck + Excavator)

Cost per tree (RM26541.45/8 hour) ÷ 300 trees/hour = RM11.06

Cost per tree (+20% profit) RM 11.06 + 2.21 = RM13.27

Total time taken 7700 trees ÷ 2400trees/day = 3 days

TOTAL COST RM 13.27 x 7700 trees = RM102179.00

TOP SOIL REMOVAL AND TRANSPORT

EXCAVATION OF TOPSOIL

Total site area 567869.481 m2

Volume of topsoil 567869.481 m2 x 0.15m = 85180.42 m3

1 labour output RM75.35

Labour output cost RM75.35 x 25 = RM1883.75

1 bulldozer output 148.20 x 8 = 1185.60m3/day (RM848.80)

Bulldozer output cost 1185.6 x 25 = 29640 m3/day

RM 848.80 x 25 unit = RM21220.00

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 18L x 8h = RM305.28

111
 RM305.28 x 25 unit = RM7632

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 36/7 = RM180

RM180 x 25 unit = RM4500

Total cost per day RM1883.75 + RM21220 + RM7632 + RM4500

= RM 35235.75

Total time taken 85180.42 m3 ÷ 29640 m3/day = 3 days

Total cost for 4 days RM 35235.75 x 3 days = RM105707.25

(+20% profit) RM 21141.45

TOTAL COST RM 105707.25 + RM 21141.45 = RM 126848.70

Cost per m3 RM126848.70 ÷85180.42 m3 = RM1.49

TRANSPORTATION OF EXCAVATED TOPSOIL

Total site area 567869.481 m2

Volume of topsoil 567869.481 m2 x 0.15m = 85180.42 m3

Soil swell factor (+120%) 85180.42m3 x 1.20 = 102216.50 m3

1 labour output RM101.41

Labour output cost RM101.41 x 20 = RM2028.20

1 truck output 120m3/hr x 8 = 960m3/day (RM708.33)

Truck output cost 960m3 x 20 unit = 19200m3/day

RM708.33 x 20 unit = RM14166.60

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 2/7 =RM10

(dump truck) RM10 x 20 unit = RM200

Total cost per day RM2028.20 + RM14166.60 + RM4070.40 + RM200

(dump truck) = RM 20465.20

112
Distance travel 8 km

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return speed of truck 60km/h

Travel time 40min

Load time 15min

Disposal time 5min

Total time taken 40min + 15min + 5min = 60min ≈1hour/trip

Loading per hour 60 ÷ 15min = 4

1 labour output RM 107.81

Labour output cost RM107.81 x 5 = RM 539.05

1 excavator output 960m3/day x 4 = 3840m3/day (RM864.80)

(4 dump truck per excavator)

Excavator output cost 3840m3/day x 5 unit = 19200m3/day

RM864.80 x 5 unit = RM4324.00

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 9L x 8 hour = RM152.64

(excavator) RM152.64 x 5 unit = RM763.20

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 18/7 = RM90.00

(excavator) RM 90.00 x 5 unit = RM450.00

Total cost per day RM539.05 + RM4324.00 + RM763.20 + RM450

(excavator) = RM6076.25

Total cost per day RM20465.20 + RM6076.25

(Dump truck + Excavator) = RM26541.45

Cost per m3 RM26541.45 ÷ 19200m3/day = RM1.38

113
Cost per m3 (+20% profit) RM1.38 + 0.28 = RM 1.66

Total time taken 102216.50m3 ÷19200m3/day = 5 days

TOTAL COST RM1.66 x 102216.50m3 = RM 169679.39

ZONE 1

CUT WORK ZONE 1

Cut Volume 31102.425 m3

No. of Excavator Used 1

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 31102.425/248.43

=125.2 hr = 16 days

· Rental cost for 16 days RM 13836.80

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

114
 · Operating cost per day RM350.45

· Operating cost for 16 days RM5607.20

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM19444.00

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM3888.80

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM23332.80

COST PER m3 RM0.75/m3

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 1)

No. of Dump Truck per Excavator 1

Volume 31102.425 m3

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 37322.91 m3

No. of Excavator Used 1

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 25 days (same as dump truck)

· Rental cost for 25 days RM 21620.00

115
 · Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM350.45

· Operating cost for 25 days RM8761.25

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM30381.25

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM6076.25

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM36457.50

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

116
Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 130m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 130m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.26min

· Dump 2min

· Return 140m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.14min

· Spot 1min

· Total 7.25min

Fleet production 1truck (50/7.25) x 26.4 = 182.07m3/h

37322.91 m3/182.07m3/h = 205h = 25

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

117
 · Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 25 days

· Rental for 25 days RM17708.25

· Operator cost per day RM101.41/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM314.93

· Operating cost for 25 days RM7873.25

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM25581.50

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM5116.30

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM30697.80

TOTAL COST RM67155.30

COST PER m3 RM2.16/m3

118
FILL WORK ZONE 1

Volume Fill 31102.425 m3

Type of soil Sandy Soil

Shrinkage factor 0.83

Volume before shrinkage 37472.80 m3

No. of days of Fill 25 days

Production rate of Bulldozer 1185.60 m3/day

No. of Bulldozer required per day (37472.80 m3/25days)/ 1185.60 m3/day =

1 unit/day

· Rental per day

RM 848.80

· Total day required 25

· Rental for 25 days RM21220

· Operator cost per day RM75.35/day

· Diesel consumption 18L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12/L x 8hr/day x 18L/hr =

RM305.28

119
 · Lubricator consumption 36L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 36L/week / 7days/week =

RM180

· Operating cost per day RM560.63

· Operating cost for 25 days RM14015.75

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM35235.75

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM7047.15

TOTAL COST (Bulldozer) RM42282.90

COST PER m3 RM1.36/m3

ZONE 2

CUT WORK ZONE 2

Cut Volume 65332.123m3

No. of Excavator Used 2

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 65332.123/2(248.43)

=131.49 hr = 17 days

· Rental cost for 17 days RM29403.20

120
 · Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM700.90

· Operating cost for 17 days RM11915.30

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM41381.50

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM8276.30

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM49657.80

COST PER m3 RM0.76/m3

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 2)

No. of Dump Truck per Excavator 1

Volume of soil that needed to be filled 25264.17 m3

Swell factor 1.2

121
Volume of soil after swelling 30317.004 m3

No. of Excavator Used 2

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 11 days (same as dump truck)

· Rental cost for 11 days RM19025.60

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM700.90

· Operating cost for 11 days RM7709.90

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM26735.50

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM5347.10

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM32082.60

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

122
Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 200m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 200m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.4min

· Dump 2min

· Return 210m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.21min

· Spot 1min

123
 · Total 7.46min

Fleet production 2truck (50/7.46) x 26.4 = 353.89m3/h

30317.004 m3/353.89m3/h =85.67h = 11

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 11 days

· Rental for 11 days RM15583.26

· Operator cost per day RM101.41/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM629.86

· Operating cost for 11 days RM6928.46

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM22511.72

124
Overhead and Profit (20%) RM4502.34

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM27014.06

TOTAL COST RM59096.66

COST PER m3 RM2.34/m3

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 2 TO ZONE 1)

No. of Dump Truck per Excavator 1

Volume of soil that needed to be filled 14769.45 m3

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 17723.34 m3

No. of Excavator Used 1

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 16 days (same as dump truck)

· Rental cost for 16 days RM13836.80

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

125
 · Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM350.45

· Operating cost for 16 days RM5607.20

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM19444.00

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM3888.80

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM23332.80

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

126
Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 782m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 782m/30000m/hr x 60min = 1.564min

· Dump 2min

· Return 792m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.792min

· Spot 1min

· Total 9.206min

Fleet production 1truck (50/9.206) x 26.4 = 143.38 m3/h

17723.34 m3/143.38 m3/h = 123.61h = 16

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 16 days

127
 · Rental for 16 days RM11333.28

· Operator cost per day RM101.41/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM314.93

· Operating cost for 16 days RM5038.88

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM16372.16

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM3274.43

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM19646.59

TOTAL COST RM42979.39

COST PER m3 RM2.91/m3

128
TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 2 TO ZONE 4)

No. of Dump Truck per Excavator 1

Volume of soil that needed to be filled 12147.932 m3

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 14677.52 m3

No. of Excavator Used 1

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 12 days (same as dump truck)

· Rental cost for 12 days RM10377.60

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM350.45

· Operating cost for 12 days RM4205.40

129
Total Operating and Rental Cost RM14583.00

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM2916.60

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM17499.60

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 522m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

130
 · Haul 522m/30000m/hr x 60min =1.044 min

· Dump 2min

· Return 532m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.532min

· Spot 1min

· Total 8.426min

Fleet production 1truck (50/8.426) x 26.4 = 156.66 m3/h

14677.52 m3/156.66 m3/h = 93.05h = 12

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 12 days

· Rental for 12 days RM8499.96

· Operator cost per day RM101.41/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

131
 · Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week =
RM10

· Operating cost per day RM314.93

· Operating cost for 12 days RM3779.16

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM12279.12

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM2455.82

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM14734.94

TOTAL COST RM32234.54

COST PER m3 RM2.65/m3

FILL WORK ZONE 2

Volume Fill 25264.17 m3

Type of soil Sandy Soil

Shrinkage factor 0.83

Volume before shrinkage 30438.76 m3

No. of days of Fill 12 days

132
Production rate of Bulldozer 1185.60 m3/day

No. of Bulldozer required per day (30438.76 m3/12days)/ 1185.60 m3/day =

2 unit/day

· Rental per day RM 848.80

· Total day required 12

· Rental for 12 days RM20371.20

· Operator cost per day RM75.35/day

· Diesel consumption 18L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12/L x 8hr/day x 18L/hr =

RM305.28

· Lubricator consumption 36L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 36L/week / 7days/week =

RM180

· Operating cost per day RM1121.26

· Operating cost for 12 days RM13455.12

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM33826.32

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM6765.26

133
TOTAL COST (Bulldozer) RM40591.58

COST PER m3 RM1.61/m3

ZONE 3

CUT WORK ZONE 3

Cut Volume 43197.148 m3

No. of Excavator Used 2

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 43197.148/2(248.43)

=86.94 hr = 11 days

· Rental cost for 11 days RM 19025.60

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

134
 · Operating cost per day RM700.90

· Operating cost for 11 days RM7709.90

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM26735.50

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM5347.10

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM32082.60

COST PER m3 RM0.74/m3

135
TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL ZONE 3

No. of Dump Truck per Excavator 1

Volume of soil needed to be filled 38639.48 m3

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 46367.376 m3

No. of Excavator Used 2

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 17 days (same as dump truck)

· Rental cost for 17 days RM 29403.20

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM700.90

· Operating cost for 17 days RM11915.30

136
Total Operating and Rental Cost RM41318.50

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM8263.70

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM49582.20

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 226m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

137
 · Haul 226m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.452min

· Dump 2min

· Return 236m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.236min

· Spot 1min

· Total 7.538min

Fleet production 2truck (50/7.538) x 26.4 = 350.23m3/h

46367.376m3/350.23m3/h = 132.39h = 17
days

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 17 days

· Rental for 17 days RM24083.22

· Operator cost per day RM101.41/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

138
 · Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week =
RM10

· Operating cost per day RM629.86

· Operating cost for 17 days RM10707.62

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM34790.84

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM6958.168

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM41749.01

TOTAL COST RM91331.21

COST PER m3 RM2.36/m3

139
FILL WORK ZONE 3

Volume Fill 38639.48 m3

Type of soil Sandy Soil

Shrinkage factor 0.83

Volume before shrinkage 46553.59 m3

No. of days of Fill 17 days

Production rate of Bulldozer 1185.60 m3/day

No. of Bulldozer required per day (46553.59 m3/17days)/ 1185.60 m3/day =

2 unit/day

· Rental per day

RM 848.80

· Total day required 17

· Rental for 17 days RM28859.20

· Operator cost per day RM75.35/day

· Diesel consumption 18L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12/L x 8hr/day x 18L/hr =

RM305.28

140
 · Lubricator consumption 36L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 36L/week / 7days/week =

RM180

· Operating cost per day RM1121.26

· Operating cost for 17 days RM19061.42

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM47920.62

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM9584.12

TOTAL COST (Bulldozer) RM57504.74

COST PER m3 RM1.49/m3

ZONE 4

CUT WORK ZONE 4

Cut Volume 84378.178 m3

No. of Excavator Used 3

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 84378.178/3(248.43)

=113.2 hr = 14 days

141
 · Rental cost for 14 days RM 36321.60

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM352.61 x 3 = RM1051.35

· Operating cost for 14 days RM14718.90

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM51040.50

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM10208.10

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM61248.60

COST PER m3 RM0.73/m3

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 4)

No. of Dump Truck per Excavator 3

Volume 84378.178 m3

142
Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 101253.81 m3

No. of Excavator Used 3

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 26 days (same as dump truck)

· Rental cost for 26 days RM67454.40

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM352.61 x 3 = RM1051.35

· Operating cost for 26 days RM27335.1

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM94789.5

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM18957.90

TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM113747.40

143
No. of Dump Truck Used 9

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 390m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 390m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.78min

· Dump 2min

· Return 400m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.4min

144
 · Spot 1min

· Total 8.03min

Fleet production 3 truck (50/8.03) x 26.4 = 483.15m3/h

101253.81 m3/483.15m3/h= 205.32h = 26

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 3

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 26 days

· Rental for 26 days RM55249.74

· Operator cost per day RM101.41/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM944.79

· Operating cost for 26 days RM24564.54

145
Total Operating and Rental Cost RM79814.28

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM15962.86

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM95777.14

TOTAL COST RM209524.54

COST PER m3 RM2.48/m3

FILL WORK ZONE 4

Volume Fill 96526.13 m3

Type of soil Sandy Soil

Shrinkage factor 0.83

Volume before shrinkage 116296.54 m3

No. of days of Fill 26 days

Production rate of Bulldozer 1185.60 m3/day

No. of Bulldozer required per day (116296.54 m3/26days)/ 1185.60 m3/day

= 4 unit/day

· Rental per day RM 848.80

146
 · Total day required 26

· Rental for 26 days RM88275.20

· Operator cost per day RM75.35/day

· Diesel consumption 18L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12/L x 8hr/day x 18L/hr =

RM305.28

· Lubricator consumption 36L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 36L/week / 7days/week =

RM180

· Operating cost per day RM2242.52

· Operating cost for 26 days RM58305.52

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM146580.72

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM29316.14

TOTAL COST (Bulldozer) RM175896.86

COST PER m3 RM1.82/m3

147
FINISHING

COMPACTION

Total fill volume 206302 m3

Fill volume (+120% 206302 m3 x 1.2 = 247562.40 m3

consolidation)

1 labour output RM103.90

Labour output cost RM103.90 x 10 = RM1039.00

1 compactor output 184m3 x 8h = 1472m3/day (RM650.00)

Compactor output cost 1472m3/day x 10 = 14720m3/day

RM650 x 10 unit = RM6500

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 12L x 8h = RM203.52

RM203.52 x 10 unit = RM2035.20

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 24/7 = RM120.00

RM120 x 10 unit = RM1200

Total cost per day RM1039 + RM6500 + RM2035.20 + RM1200

= RM 10774.20

Total time taken 247562.40 m3 ÷14720m3/day = 17 days

Total cost for 17 days RM10774.20 x 17 days = RM183161.40

(+20% profit) RM 36632.28

TOTAL COST RM 219793.68

Cost per m3 RM 219793.68 ÷ 247562.40 m3 = RM0.89

148
 GRADING

Area of site 567869.481 m2

No. of Grader used 2

· Rental per day RM 922.40

· Total of days required 567869.481/2(17760) = 15.99 hours = 2 days

· Rental cost for 2 days RM3689.60

· Operator cost per day RM97.45/day

· Diesel consumption 35L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 35L/day = RM593.60

· Lubricator consumption 12L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 12L/day / 7days/week = RM60

· Operating cost per day RM751.05 x 2 = RM1502.10

· Operating cost for 2 days RM3004.20

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM6693.80

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM1338.76

TOTAL COST (Grader) RM8032.56

149
Cost per m2 RM0.0141

DISPOSAL OF SOIL

Volume of soil disposal 17708 m3

Cost per m3 (According to JKR) RM4.50

Cost RM79686.00

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM15937.20

TOTAL COST RM95623.20

SLOPE PROTECTION
Using Crane

Total area of the slope 108m2

Volume of retaining wall 108m2

No. of Crane required 1

Total day required 108/156 = 0.69h=1 day

Rent per day RM950.00

Material cost (Maccaferri PVC Wire RM73

Coated Gabion) 2.7mm x 1m x 1m

1m3 of rock stone RM25

1m3 of gabion wall RM98

Total Material Cost RM10584

Total Rental cost RM950.00

150
Operator cost RM118.70/day

Diesel consumption 12L/hr

Cost of Diesel per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

Lubricator consumption 18L/week

Cost of Lubricator per day RM35/L x 18L/week /7days/week = RM90.00

Total Operating cost per day RM412.22

Total Materials, Rental and Operating RM11946.22

cost

Overhead and Profits (20%) RM2389.24

TOTAL COST RM14335.46

Cost per m3 RM132.74/m3

151
4.6.1 TOTAL COST OF INITIAL COST ESTIMATION (BEFORE REDUCTION)

NO. WORK SCOPE COST (RM) TOTAL COST (RM)

1. SITE CLEARING
● Cutting trees 160 391.00
● Removal of stumps 431 580.80
● Tree Disposal 102 179.00 990 678.89
● Excavation of topsoil 126 848.70
● Transportation of excavated 169 679.39
topsoil

2. CUT WORK
● Zone 1 23 332.80
● Zone 2 49 657.80 166 321.80
● Zone 3 32 082.60
● Zone 4 61 248.60

3. TRANSPORTATION SOIL
● Zone 1 67 155.30
● Zone 2 59 096.66
● Zone 2 to Zone 1 42 979.39 502 321.64
● Zone 2 to Zone 4 32 234.54
● Zone 3 91 331.21
● Zone 4 209 524.54

4. FILL WORK
● Zone 1 42 282.90
● Zone 2 40 591.58 316 276.08
● Zone 3 57 504.74
● Zone 4 175 896.86

152
5. FINISHING
● Compaction 219 793.68 227 826.24
● Grader 8 032.56

6. DISPOSAL 95 623.20 95 623.20

7. SLOPE PROTECTION
14 335.46 14 335.46

TOTAL COST (RM) 2 313 383.31

4.6.2 TOTAL DAYS OF INITIAL COST ESTIMATION (BEFORE REDUCTION)

NO. WORK SCOPE DAYS TOTAL DAYS

1. SITE CLEARING
● Cutting trees 11
● Removal of stumps 17
● Tree Disposal 3 39
● Excavation of topsoil 3
● Transportation of excavated 5
topsoil

2. CUT WORK
● Zone 1 16
● Zone 2 17 17
● Zone 3 11
● Zone 4 14

3. TRANSPORTATION SOIL
● Zone 1 25
● Zone 2 11
● Zone 2 to Zone 1 16 26

153
 ● Zone 2 to Zone 4 12
● Zone 3 17
● Zone 4 26

4. FILL WORK
● Zone 1 25
● Zone 2 12 26
● Zone 3 17
● Zone 4 26

5. FINISHING
● Compaction 17 19
● Grader 2

6. DISPOSAL 3 3

7. SLOPE PROTECTION 1 1

TOTAL DAYS 105 Days

154
4.6.3 GANTT CHART INITIAL COST ESTIMATION (Before total)

155
4.7 VALUE ENGINEERING

For cost reduction, we apply engineering value in our calculation to reduce the cost
estimation for the whole operation. After considering various changes to be done including
strategy, operation and number of equipment used, we managed to get a reduction for our
operation. Below are our changes made to the calculation:
1. We remove the use of excavators from our transportation of soil since our excavator
from cut work can cater and manage to directly transfer the soil from the cut work to
the dump truck.
2. We change the number of machineries to increase the productivity of the whole
operation as well as reducing cost..
3. We also changed our operation strategy. For the cut work, we do not use the zone as
an alternative for the cut work, we just do the cut work for the whole zone A.
4. After changing everything, we still did not manage to get at least 15% reduction, so
we decided to lower our profit from 20% to 15% overhead and profit. This is because
after discussion with our group, we think that 20% profit is too high and 15% is ideal
for earthwork operation.
5. For slope protection, we change the use of the crane to hydroseeding. It is better and
ensures the slope can be protected just by hydroseeding.
6. Some of the work can be done by semi-skilled labourers rather than skilled labourers.
Skilled labourers tend to make judgement and reasoning while semi-skilled labourers
will be more focused on physical work, thus the same capability to complete work can
be done by semi-skilled labourers.

156
4.8 FINAL COST ESTIMATION (AFTER REDUCTION)
SITE CLEARANCE

CUTTING TREES

Total site area 567869.481 m2

Average number of tree in an 135 trees per 10,000 m2

area

Total number of trees = (567869.481m2/10000m2) x 135 trees

= 7666.24 trees ≈ 7700trees

Assumptions of cutting trees 518 trees/day

1 labour output 74 trees/day (RM 107.81)

Labour output cost RM107.81 x 7 = RM754.67

1 excavator output 74 trees/day (RM 864.80)

Excavator output cost RM864.80 x 7 = RM6053.60

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 9L x 8 hour = RM152.64

RM152.64 x 10 unit = RM1068.48

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 18/7 = RM90.00

RM 90.00 x 10 unit = RM630.00

Total cost per day RM754.67 + RM6053.60 + RM1068.48 + RM630.00

= RM8506.75

Cost per tree RM8506.00/(518trees/day) = RM 16.42

Cost per tree (+20% profit) RM16.42 + 3.28 = RM19.70

Total time taken 7700 trees ÷ (518trees/day) = 15 days

TOTAL COST RM19.70/tree x 7700 trees = RM 151,690.00

REMOVAL OF STUMPS

157
Total site area 567869.481 m2

1 labour output RM75.35/day

Labour output cost RM75.35 x 8 = RM602.80

1 bulldozer output 280 m2/hour x 8 = 2240 m2/day (RM848.80)

Bulldozer output cost 2240 m2/day x 8 hr = 17920 m2/day

RM848.80 x 8 unit = RM6790.40

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 18 L x 8 hr = RM305.28

RM305.28 x 8 unit = RM2136.96

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 36/7 = RM180.00

RM180.00 x 8 unit = RM1440.00

Total cost per day RM602.80 + RM6790.40 + RM2136.96 + RM1440.00

= RM 10970.16

Cost per m2 RM10970.16/(17920m2/day) = RM 0.61

Cost per m2 (+20% profit) RM0.61 + 0.12 = RM0.73

Total time taken 567869.481 m2 ÷17920 m2/day = 32 days

TOTAL COST RM0.73 x 567869.481 m2 = RM414544.72

TREE DISPOSAL

Total number of trees 7700 trees

1 labour output RM77.21 (semi-skilled labour)

Labour cost output RM77.21 x 20 = RM1544.20

1 truck output 15 trees/trip x 8hour = 120 trees/day (RM708.33)

Truck cost output 120 trees x 20 = 2400 trees/day

RM708.33 x 20 = RM14166.60

158
Distance travel 8 km

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return speed of truck 60km/h

Travel time 40min

Load time 15min

Disposal time 5min

Total time taken 40min + 15min + 5min = 60min ≈1hour/trip

Loading per hour 60 ÷ 15min = 4

Number of trees per hour 15 trees/trip x 1trip/hour = 15 trees/hr

Total trees per day 15trees x 20 = 300 trees/hour

300trees x 8hour =2400trees/day

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 12L x 8h = RM203.52

(dump truck) RM203.52 x 20 unit = RM4070.40

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 2L/7 = RM10

(dump truck) RM10 x 20 unit = RM200

Total cost per day RM1544.20 + RM14166.60 + RM4070.40 + RM200

(dump truck) = RM 19981.20

1 labour output 60 trees/day (RM 107.81)

Labour output cost RM107.81 x 5 = RM 539.05

1 excavator output 60 trees/hr x 8 = 480trees/day (RM864.80)

(4 dump truck per excavator)

Excavator output cost 480 trees/day x 5 unit = 2400 trees/day

RM864.80 x 5 unit = RM4324.00

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 9L x 8 hour = RM152.64

159
(excavator) RM152.64 x 5 unit = RM763.20

Total cost per day RM539.05 + RM4324.00 + RM763.20 + RM450

(excavator) = RM6076.25

Total cost per day RM19981.20 + RM6076.25 = RM26057.45

(Dump truck + Excavator)

Cost per tree (RM26057.45/8 hour) ÷ 300 trees/hour = RM10.85

Cost per tree (+20% profit) RM 10.85 + 2.17 = RM13.02

Total time taken 7700 trees ÷ 2400trees/day = 3 days

TOTAL COST RM 13.02 x 7700 trees = RM 100254.00

TOP SOIL REMOVAL AND TRANSPORT

EXCAVATION OF TOPSOIL

Total site area 567869.481 m2

Volume of topsoil 567869.481 m2 x 0.15m = 85180.42 m3

1 labour output RM75.35

Labour output cost RM75.35 x 10 = RM753.50

1 bulldozer output 148.20 x 8 = 1185.60m3/day (RM848.80)

Bulldozer output cost 1185.6 x 10 = 11856 m3/day

RM 848.80 x 10 unit = RM8488

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 18L x 8h = RM305.28

RM305.28 x 10 unit = RM3052.80

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 36/7 = RM180

RM180 x 10 unit = RM1800

Total cost per day RM753.50 + RM8488 + RM3052.80 + RM1800

160
 = RM 14094.30

Total time taken 85180.42 m3 ÷ 11856 m3/day = 7 days

Total cost for 7 days RM 14094.30 x 7 days = RM98660.10

(+20% profit) RM 19732.02

TOTAL COST RM98660.10 + RM19732.02 = RM 118392.12

Cost per m3 RM118392.12 ÷85180.42 m3 = RM1.39

TRANSPORTATION OF EXCAVATED TOPSOIL

Total site area 567869.481 m2

Volume of topsoil 567869.481 m2 x 0.15m = 85180.42 m3

Soil swell factor (+120%) 85180.42m3 x 1.20 = 102216.50 m3

1 labour output RM77.21 (semi-skilled labour)

Labour output cost RM77.21 x 20 = RM1544.20

1 truck output 120m3/hr x 8 = 960m3/day (RM708.33)

Truck output cost 960m3 x 20 unit = 19200m3/day

RM708.33 x 20 unit = RM14166.60

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 12L x 8h = RM203.52

(dump truck) RM203.52 x 20 unit = RM4070.40

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 2/7 =RM10

(dump truck) RM10 x 20 unit = RM200

Total cost per day RM1544.20 + RM14166.60 + RM4070.40 + RM200

(dump truck) = RM 19981.20

Distance travel 8 km

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

161
Return speed of truck 60km/h

Travel time 40min

Load time 15min

Disposal time 5min

Total time taken 40min + 15min + 5min = 60min ≈1hour/trip

Loading per hour 60 ÷ 15min = 4

1 labour output RM 107.81

Labour output cost RM107.81 x 5 = RM 539.05

1 excavator output 960m3/day x 4 = 3840m3/day (RM864.80)

(4 dump truck per excavator)

Excavator output cost 3840m3/day x 5 unit = 19200m3/day

RM864.80 x 5 unit = RM4324.00

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 9L x 8 hour = RM152.64

(excavator) RM152.64 x 5 unit = RM763.20

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 18/7 = RM90.00

(excavator) RM 90.00 x 5 unit = RM450.00

Total cost per day RM539.05 + RM4324.00 + RM763.20 + RM450

(excavator) = RM6076.25

Total cost per day RM19981.20 + RM6076.25

(Dump truck + Excavator) = RM26057.45

Cost per m3 RM26057.45 ÷ 19200m3/day = RM1.35

Cost per m3 (+20% profit) RM1.35 + 0.27 = RM 1.62

Total time taken 102216.50m3 ÷19200m3/day = 5 days

TOTAL COST RM1.66 x 102216.50m3 = RM 169679.39

162
CUT WORK

Cut Volume 224010 m3

No. of Excavator Used 10

· Rental per day RM 864.80

· Total day required 224010/10(248.43)

=90 hr = 11 days

· Rental cost for 11 days RM 95128.00

· Operator cost per day RM107.81/day

· Diesel consumption 9L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 9L/hr = RM152.64

· Lubricator consumption 18L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35 x 18L/week / 7day/week = RM90

· Operating cost per day RM352.61 x 10 = RM3526.10

· Operating cost for 11 days RM38787.10

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM133915.10

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM26783.02

163
TOTAL COST (Excavator) RM160698.12

COST PER m3 RM0.72/m3

TRANSPORT OF SOIL

ZONE 1

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 1)

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 37322.91 m3

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

164
Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 130m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 130m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.26min

· Dump 2min

· Return 140m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.14min

· Spot 1min

· Total 7.25min

Fleet production 1truck (50/7.25) x 26.4 = 182.07m3/h

37322.91 m3/182.07m3/h = 205h = 25

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 25 days

· Rental for 25 days RM17708.25

165
 RM77.21/day
· Operator cost per day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM290.73

· Operating cost for 25 days RM7268.25

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM24976.50

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM4995.30

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM29971.80

COST PER m3 RM0.96/m3

ZONE 2

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 2)

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

Volume of soil that needed to be filled 25264.17 m3

Swell factor 1.2

166
Volume of soil after swelling 30317.004 m3

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 200m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 200m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.4min

· Dump 2min

· Return 210m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.21min

167
 · Spot 1min

· Total 7.46min

Fleet production 2truck (50/7.46) x 26.4 = 353.89m3/h

30317.004 m3/353.89m3/h =85.67h = 11

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 11 days

· Rental for 11 days RM15583.26

· Operator cost per day RM77.21/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM581.46

· Operating cost for 11 days RM6396.06

168
Total Operating and Rental Cost RM21979.32

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM4395.86

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM26375.18

COST PER m3 RM1.04/m3

169
TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 2 TO ZONE 1)

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

Volume of soil that needed to be filled 14769.45 m3

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 17723.34 m3

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 782m

Truck cycle time

170
 · Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 782m/30000m/hr x 60min = 1.564min

· Dump 2min

· Return 792m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.792min

· Spot 1min

· Total 9.206min

Fleet production 1truck (50/9.206) x 26.4 = 143.38 m3/h

17723.34 m3/143.38 m3/h = 123.61h = 16

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 16 days

· Rental for 16 days RM11333.28

· Operator cost per day RM77.21/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

171
 · Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM290.73

· Operating cost for 16 days RM4651.68

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM15984.96

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM3196.99

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM19181.95

COST PER m3 RM1.30/m3

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 2 TO ZONE 4)

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

Volume of soil that needed to be filled 12147.932 m3

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 14677.52 m3

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

172
Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 522m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 522m/30000m/hr x 60min =1.044 min

· Dump 2min

· Return 532m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.532min

· Spot 1min

· Total 8.426min

173
Fleet production 1truck (50/8.426) x 26.4 = 156.66 m3/h

14677.52 m3/156.66 m3/h = 93.05h = 12

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 1

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 12 days

· Rental for 12 days RM8499.96

· Operator cost per day RM77.21/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week =

RM10

· Operating cost per day RM290.73

· Operating cost for 12 days RM3488.76

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM11988.72

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM2397.74

174
TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM14386.46

COST PER m3 RM1.18/m3

175
ZONE 3

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL ZONE 3

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

Volume of soil needed to be filled 38639.48 m3

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 46367.376 m3

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 226m

176
Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 226m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.452min

· Dump 2min

· Return 236m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.236min

· Spot 1min

· Total 7.538min

Fleet production 2truck (50/7.538) x 26.4 = 350.23m3/h

46367.376m3/350.23m3/h = 132.39h = 17
days

No. of Dump Truck Used 2

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 17 days

· Rental for 17 days RM24083.22

· Operator cost per day RM77.21/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

177
 · Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week =

RM10

· Operating cost per day RM290.73 x 2= RM581.46

· Operating cost for 17 days RM9884.82

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM33968.04

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM6793.61

TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM40761.65

COST PER m3 RM1.05/m3

ZONE 4

TRANSPORT SOIL FROM CUT TO FILL (ZONE 4)

No. of Dump Truck Used 6

Swell factor 1.2

Volume of soil after swelling 101253.81 m3

Loaded capacity of excavator 2.1m3

178
Cycle of each excavator 21sec

Hauling (trucks) 22m3

Haul speed of truck 30km/h

Return Speed of truck 60km/h

Expected whole operation 50min

Excavator capacity 2.1 x 1.2 = 2.53 m3/cycle

Hauler Capacity 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m3/cycle

Number of loading cycle 26.4/2.53=11 cycle

Average distance 390m

Truck cycle time

· Load 11 x (21/60) = 3.85min

· Haul 390m/30000m/hr x 60min = 0.78min

· Dump 2min

· Return 400m/60000m/hr x 60min = 0.4min

· Spot 1min

· Total 8.03min

179
Fleet production 6 truck (50/8.03) x 26.4 = 986.3m3/h

101253.81 m3/986.3m3/h = 102.66h = 13

days

No. of Dump Truck Used 6

· Rental per day RM708.33

· Total day required 13 days

· Rental for 13 days RM55249.74

· Operator cost per day RM77.21/day

· Diesel consumption 12L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 8hr/day x 12L/hr = RM203.52

· Lubricator consumption 2L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 2L/week / 7days/week = RM10

· Operating cost per day RM290.73 x 6 =RM1744.38

· Operating cost for 13 days RM22676.94

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM77926.68

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM15585.34

180
TOTAL COST (Dump Truck) RM93512.02

COST PER m3 RM1.11/m3

FILL WORK

FILL WORK ZONE 4

Volume Fill 96526.13 m3

Type of soil Sandy Soil

Shrinkage factor 0.83

Volume before shrinkage 116296.54 m3

No. of days of Fill 26 days

Production rate of Bulldozer 1185.60 m3/day

No. of Bulldozer required per day (116296.54 m3/13days)/ 1185.60 m3/day

= 8 unit/day

· Rental per day

RM 848.80

· Total day required 13

· Rental for 13 days RM88275.20

181
 · Operator cost per day RM75.35/day

· Diesel consumption 18L/hr

· Diesel cost per day RM2.12/L x 8hr/day x 18L/hr =

RM305.28

· Lubricator consumption 36L/week

· Lubricator cost per day RM35/L x 36L/week / 7days/week =

RM180

· Operating cost per day RM4485.04

· Operating cost for 13 days RM58305.52

Total Operating and Rental Cost RM146580.72

Overhead and Profit (20%) RM29316.14

TOTAL COST (Bulldozer) RM175896.86

COST PER m3 RM1.82/m3

182
FINISHING

COMPACTION

Total fill volume 206302 m3

Fill volume (+120% 206302 m3 x 1.2 = 247562.40 m3

consolidation)

1 labour output RM77.53

Labour output cost RM77.53 x 18 = RM1395.54

1 compactor output 184m3 x 8h = 1472m3/day (RM650.00)

Compactor output cost 1472m3/day x 18 = 26496m3/day

RM650 x 18 unit = RM11700

Total diesel cost per day RM2.12 x 12L x 8h = RM203.52

RM203.52 x 18 unit = RM3663.36

Total lubricant cost per day RM35 x 24/7 = RM120.00

RM120 x 18 unit = RM2160.00

Total cost per day RM1395.54 + RM11700 + RM3663.36 + RM2160

= RM18918.90

Total time taken 247562.40 m3 ÷26496m3/day = 9 days

Total cost for 9 days RM18918.90 x 9 = RM170270.10

(+20% profit) RM 34054.02

TOTAL COST RM170270.10 + RM34054.02 = RM 204324.12

Cost per m3 RM 204324.12÷247562.40m3 = RM0.83

183
SLOPE PROTECTION

by using hydroseeding

Total area of slope

108m2

No. of hydroseeder required 1

Rental per hour RM93.75

Total day required 108/579.72 = 0.18hr = 2hr

Total Rental Cost RM187.50

Signal Grass seeds RM2.50/kg

Fertilizer RM3.50/kg

Material Consumption 8.49kg/m2

Material cost per m2 RM25.47/m2

Total Material Cost RM2750.76

Operator cost per hour RM12

Diesel consumption 8L/hr

Cost of Diesel per hour RM2.12 x 8L/hr =RM16.96

Lubricator consumption 18L/week

Cost of Lubricator per hour RM35/L x 18L/week /7days/week / 8hours/day=

RM11.25

Total Operating cost per hour RM40.21

184
Total Materials, Rental and Operating RM3018.68
cost

Overhead and Profits (15%) RM452.80

TOTAL COST RM3471.48

Cost per m2 RM32.14/ m2

185
REDUCE OVERHEAD AND PROFIT FROM 20% TO 15%

NO. WORK SCOPE 20% 15% TOTAL

1. SITE CLEARING
● Cutting trees 151,690.00 145 399.10
● Removal of stumps 414,544.72 398 360.44
● Tree Disposal 100,254.00 96 076.75 911 986.53
● Excavation of topsoil 118,392.12 113 459.12
● Transportation of 169,679.39 158 691.12
excavated topsoil

2. CUT WORK
160698.12 154002.37 154002.37

3. TRANSPORTATION SOIL
● Zone 1 29 971.80 28 722.98
● Zone 2 26 375.18 25 276.22
● Zone 2 to Zone 1 19 181.95 18 382.70 214 847.86
● Zone 2 to Zone 4 14 386.46 13 787.03
● Zone 3 40 761.65 39 063.25
● Zone 4 93 512.02 89 615.68

4. FILL WORK
● Zone 1 42 282.90 40 521.11
● Zone 2 40 591.58 38 900.268 303 097.92
● Zone 3 57 504.74 55 108.71
● Zone 4 175 896.86 168 567.83

5. FINISHING
● Compaction 204 324.12 195 810.62 203 509.49
● Grader 8 032.56 7 697.87

6. DISPOSAL 95 623.20 91 638.90 91 638.90

TOTAL COST 1 879 083.065

186
4.8.1 TOTAL COST OF FINAL COST ESTIMATION (AFTER REDUCTION)

NO. WORK SCOPE COST (RM) TOTAL COST (RM)

1. SITE CLEARING
● Cutting trees 145 399.10
● Removal of stumps 398 360.44
● Tree Disposal 96 076.75 911 986.53
● Excavation of topsoil 113459.12
● Transportation of excavated 158 691.12
topsoil

2. CUT WORK
154002.37 154002.37

3. TRANSPORTATION SOIL
● Zone 1 28 722.98
● Zone 2 25 276.22
● Zone 2 to Zone 1 18 382.70 214 847.86
● Zone 2 to Zone 4 13 787.03
● Zone 3 39 063.25
● Zone 4 89 615.68

4. FILL WORK
● Zone 1 40 521.11
● Zone 2 38 900.268 303 097.92
● Zone 3 55 108.71
● Zone 4 168 567.83

5. FINISHING
● Compaction 195 810.62 203 509.49
● Grader 7 697.87

6. DISPOSAL 91 638.90 91 638.90

187
7. SLOPE PROTECTION
3 471.48 3 471.48

TOTAL COST (RM) 1 882 554.55

4.8.2 TOTAL DAYS OF FINAL COST ESTIMATION (AFTER REDUCTION)

NO. WORK SCOPE DAYS TOTAL DAYS

1. SITE CLEARING
● Cutting trees 15
● Removal of stumps 32
● Tree Disposal 3 62
● Excavation of topsoil 7
● Transportation of excavated 5
topsoil

2. CUT WORK 11 11

3. TRANSPORTATION SOIL
● Zone 1 25
● Zone 2 11
● Zone 2 to Zone 1 16 25
● Zone 2 to Zone 4 12
● Zone 3 17
● Zone 4 13

4. FILL WORK
● Zone 1 25
● Zone 2 12 25
● Zone 3 17
● Zone 4 13

188
5. FINISHING
● Compaction 9 11
● Grader 2

6. DISPOSAL 3 3

7. SLOPE PROTECTION 1 1

TOTAL DAYS 113 Days

4.8.3 GANTT CHART FINAL COST ESTIMATION (AFTER REDUCTION)

189
4.9 BILL OF QUANTITY
A bill of quantities is a structured collection of measurement data organised by the various
work sections required to accomplish the project according to its specifications. Geometric
formulas justify the amounts given to each work part, which is why a standard BoQ
document includes columns for inserting the proper dimensional values. For each
measurement description, a column identifies the number of equal components that are being
examined, such as length, width, height/weight. Each of these measurement values can be the
result of a geometric calculation and the use of formulas. A Bill of Quantities document may
have only one column expressing the total quantity in some instances.

4.9.1 BILL OF QUANTITY (BEFORE)

RATE PRICE
NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY
(RM) (RM)
1 Site Clearance tree 7700 20.83 160 391.00
Clear the site of all trees
(irrespective of girth)
undergrowth creepers, lalang,
shrubs, bushes, rubbish, debris m2 567869.481 0.76 431 580.80
and any other obstruction
including grubbing up roots and
stumps and cart away from site
to Contractor’s own dump
tree 7700 13.27 102 179.00

2 Stripping Topsoil m3 85180.42 1.49 126 848.70

Excavate topsoil average
150mm deep, get out and m3 102216.50 1.66 169 679.39
remove from site to
Contractor’s own dump
3 Cut m3 31102.425 0.75 23 332.80
Cut selected excavated
materials to make up m3 65332.123 0.76 49 657.80
levels to the final

190
 requisite formation level m3 43197.148 0.74 32 082.60
as shown on the
Engineer’s Drawings in m3 84378.178 0.73 61 248.60
layer and graded each
layer well compacted

4 Transport from Cut to Fill m3 31102.425 2.16 67 155.30

Transport the excavation of soil
m3 25264.17 2.34 59 096.66
from cut area to the fill area
m3 14769.45 2.91 42 979.39

m3 12147.932 2.65 32 234.54

m3 38639.48 2.36 91 331.21

m3 84378.178 2.48 209 524.54

5 Fill m3 31102.425 1.36 42 282.90

Fill selected excavated
materials to make up m3 25264.17 1.61 40 591.58

levels to the final

requisite formation level m3 38639.48 1.49 57 504.74

as shown on the
Engineer’s Drawings in m3 96526.13 1.82 175 896.86

layer and graded each

layer well compacted

6 Finishing m3 247562.40 0.89 219 793.68

Compaction of selected filled
ground with standard proper
method and machineries before m3 567869.481 0.0141 8 032.56
any construction work begin
above the ground
7 Slope Protection m3 17708 4.50 95 623.20
Establishment of slope
protection with hydro

191
 seeding techniques at specific
areas required
8 Disposal m2 108 132.74 14 335.46
Dispose the excess soil

TOTAL COST INITIAL 2 313 383.31

192
4.9.2 BILL OF QUANTITY (AFTER)
RATE PRICE
NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY
(RM) (RM)
1 Site Clearance tree 7700 18.88 145 399.10
Clear the site of all
trees(irrespective of m2 567869.481 0.70 398 360.44

girth)undergrowth creepers,
tree 7700 12.48 96 076.75
lalang, shrubs, bushes, rubbish,
debris and any other
obstruction including grubbing
up roots and stumps and cart
away from site to Contractor’s
own dump
2 Stripping Topsoil m3 85180.42 1.33 113 459.12
Excavate topsoil average
150mm deep, get out and
remove from site to m3 102216.50 1.55 158 691.12
Contractor’s own dump
3 Cut m3 224010 0.69 154 002.37
Cut selected excavated
materials to make up
levels to the final
requisite formation level
as shown on the
Engineer’s Drawings in
layer and graded each
layer well compacted

4 Transport from Cut to Fill m3 31102.425 0.92 28 722.98

Transport the excavation of soil
m3 25264.17 1.00 25 276.22
from cut area to fill area.
m3 14769.45 1.24 18 382.70

193
 m3 12147.932 1.13 13 787.03

m3 38639.48 1.01 39 063.25

m3 84378.178 1.06 89 615.68

5 Fill m3 31102.425 1.30 40 521.11

Fill selected excavated
materials to make up
m3 25264.17 1.54 38 900.27
levels to the final
requisite formation level
as shown on the m3 38639.48 1.43 55 108.71
Engineer’s Drawings in
layer and graded each
m3 96526.13 1.75 168 567.83
layer well compacted

6 Finishing m3 247562.40 0.79 195 810.62

Compaction of selected filled
ground with standard proper
method and machineries before m3 567869.481 0.0136 7 697.87
any construction work begin
above the ground
Slope Protection m3 17708 5.18 91 638.90
Establishment of slope
protection with hydro
seeding techniques at specific
areas required
Disposal m2 108 32.14 3 471.48
Dispose the excess soil

TOTAL COST FINAL 1 882 554.55

194
4.10 RESULT AFTER REDUCTION OF 20% OF COST BY THE NEW PROPOSED
LEVEL

● From BQ initial;
Total Cost = RM 2,313,383.31

● From BQ final;
Total Cost = RM1,882,554.55

|𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙−𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙|

Percentage Reduction = ×100%
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
|2313383.31−1882554.55|
= ×100%
2313383.31
= 18.62 %

195
4.11 CONCLUSION

From the project, we estimated the total cost of earthwork process and operation from site
clearance, excavation of topsoil, cut and fill, transportation, finishing, slope protection and
soil disposal. All these considerations include the labour and machinery cost. Through the
strategy obtained from value engineering, we achieved a 18.62% of overall cost reduction
with an initial cost of RM 2,313,383.31 and final cost of RM 1,882,554.55.
We only managed to reduce our cost into 18.62% after several changes and
engineering value have been made. The reason is because we only have one proposed level in
the first place as our Earthwork Department had minimized the volume of cut and fill as
much as they can to initially reduce our costing. 18.62% of reduction is due to the changing
of operational strategy after we brainstorm together in order to get the best cost estimation
that we can offer.
In a nutshell, we believe that the final cost estimation of RM 1,882,554.55 is the best
price for Earthwork specification and operation with an ideal profit of only 15%.

196
4.12 REFERENCES

1. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V3/i7/IRJET-V3I7176.pdf
2. http://kontrak.water.gov.my/division/qs/mkos2014/Buku%20Purata%20Kadar%20Harga
%202014.pdf
3. https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4976869
4. https://constructionduniya.blogspot.com/2012/02/capacities-of-various-plant-and.html
5. https://www.cidb.gov.my/sites/default/files/2020-04/Malaysia----Country-Report-2017--
22nd-Asia-Construct.pdf
6. http://ratol.jkr.gov.my/
7. https://www.lectura-specs.com/en/model/construction-machinery/crawler-excavators
caterpillar/374d-l-1136850
8. http://yunli-malaysia.com/details.asp?prod_id=394
9. http://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/Caterpillar/C604411
10. https://www.petersoncat.com/products/new/vibratory-soil-compactors/cs68b
11. https://dizv3061bgivy.cloudfront.net/mmc-assets/pdfs/lectura/caterpillar/120h/120H-u
pdate2003-E(66c).pdf
12. http://www.equipmentcentral.com/north_america/data/new_equipment/DataKom%20
PC400LC-7.pdf
13. https://xcmgexport.en.made-in-china.com/product/VqEnDmbvajRL/China-XCMG-M
ining-Dump-Truck-Nxg5650dt.html
14. http://www.cidb.gov.my/images/content/pdf/bisnes/prospect20182019/CIR-2018-201
9-Chapter-3.pdf
15. https://www.ablesales.com.au/blog/diesel-generator-fuel-consumption-chart-in-litres.
html

197
CHAPTER 5
ESCP

198
5.1 INTRODUCTION

Natural processes such as erosion and sedimentation occur. As a result of unregulated land
disturbance, deforestation, and construction activities that expose land to wind, rainfall, and
runoff, these processes occur on a daily basis on all land. Erosion and sedimentation are two
processes that are very important in tropical climates, such as Malaysia. Erosion is the
detachment, entrainment, and movement of soil particles from active development and
building regions, which occurs either as a result of raindrop contact or as a result of the shear
forces of water running across the soil surface. The transportation and deposition process is
known as sedimentation. The accumulation (aggradation) of silt on the land surface or in a
watercourse's bed. Because of the siltation, these processes will have a negative impact on
water quality. To counteract the effects of erosion and sedimentation, extensive and effective
control is required. There are essentially eight erosion and sedimentation management
principles that are proposed, which included:

1. Mitigating soil erosion.

2. Topsoil and other assets are being protected.
3. Access route and site management.
4. Monitoring and control of runoff.
5. Earthwork and erosion control.
6. Control of sedimentation.
7. Stabilization of the slope.
8. Site maintenance.

The guideline of the erosion and sediment control plan design for this project is based on the
Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia, MASMA 2 nd Edition which was
published by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia in 2012. The goals
of this guide are to maintain public safety, reduce nuisance floods, stabilise landforms and
manage erosion, reduce runoff's environmental impact, and improve the urban landscape and
ecology. The building can be carried out with minimal land, water quality, and environmental
degradation if the specifications and standards are followed.

199
5.2 TEMPORARY EARTH DRAIN
A temporary earth drain is used to divert runoff or channel water to a specific place, lowering
the risk of erosion and sedimentation off-site. It protects against erosion by directing runoff to
an erosion control device like a silt trap or a sediment basin.

5.2.1 DESIGN CRITERIA

The estimation of rainfall data and the site's ground condition are the most important factors
to consider while designing a temporary drainage and sediment basin. This is done to ensure
that the temporary drainage and sediment basin will be able to endure the storm the discharge
at its highest point on the site.

i. Rainfall Estimation
Rainfall estimation entails analysing rainfall data for frequency, duration, and intensity.

a. Average Recurrence Interval (ARI)

The average, or predicted, value of the times between the occurrence of a certain rainfall total
accumulated over a certain length is known as the Average Recurrence Interval (ARI). The
initial stages of construction are expected to be completed in two years. As a result, the
minimal ARI of two years is sufficient.

b. Time of Concentration
Concentration period The time it takes for runoff flows to travel from the most hydraulically
remote point upstream in the contributing catchment area to the point under consideration
downstream is referred to as tc. tc is the sum of overland flow time, t0, and drainage trip time,
td, in the design of a storm water drainage system. Due to the lack of development, the land is
considered a natural catchment area in the early stages of construction. As a result, for a
natural catchment area, the concentration time, including travel time in natural channels, is
given as:

200
c. Average Rainfall Intensity
The IDF (intensity-duration-frequency) curves indicate the connection between design
rainfall data and peak flow estimation. An empirical equation will be used to estimate
average rainfall intensity.

201
ii. Peak Discharge Estimation

The rational method is the most commonly used method for estimating peak discharge in
small catchment regions, and it produces satisfactory results. In order to determine the peak
flow, the site is divided into multiple smaller catchment regions.

Assumption:

● The peak flow occurs when the entire catchment area contributes to the flow.
● The rainfall intensity is uniform over the entire catchment area.
● The rainfall intensity is uniform over a time duration equal to time of concentration,
tc.

The formula for peak flow is as following:

202
 SAMPLE CALCULATION PEAK FLOW DISCHARGE OF CATCHMENT A

Parameter Calculation Result

Area *obtained from autocad A = 19782 ha

A=19.782 ha

Concentration Area= 19.782 ha to=21.38min

Time, tc Length of drainage= 1385 m
Assume that velocity of flow, v = 1m/s td=23.08min
Length overland sheet flow, L= 505 m
7.97 tc=44.46min
Slope= × 100 =1.578 %
505

n= 0.0275 (bare soil)

Height difference= 7.97
3
107×0.0275× √505
𝑡0 = 5 = 21.38 min
√1.578

And

1385
𝑡𝑑 = 1×60= 23.08min

𝑡𝑐 = 𝑡0 + 𝑡𝑑 = 44.46min

Average Average Rainfall Intensity, I (mm/hr) for ARI and duration t i = 75.537mm/hr
Rainfall By assuming that ARI in Johor Bahru = 2 years
Intensity, I
ARI location = Johor
ARI, T= 2 years
λ = 59.972
κ = 0.163
44.46
d= = 0.741
60

θ = 0.121
η = 0.793

203
 59.972(2)0.163
𝑖 = (0.741+0.121)0.793= 75.537mm/hr

59.972(10)0.163
𝑖10 =(0.741+0.121)0.793= 98.195mm/hr

Peak Discharge Flow coefficient, C = 0.5 - bare soil 𝑄𝑃 = 2.08𝑚3 /𝑠

Estimation Qp
𝐶𝐼𝐴 0.5×75.537×19.782
𝑄𝑃 = 360= = 2.08𝑚3 /𝑠 𝑄10= 2.07𝑚3 /𝑠
360

𝐶𝐼𝐴 0.5×98.195×19.782
𝑄10= 360= = 2.70𝑚3 /𝑠
360

iii. Temporary Drainage Design

The Best Hydraulic Section (BHS) of a trapezoidal-shaped open channel is used to design
temporary drainage. Because it has a moderate slope, the trapezoidal channel is better than a
rectangular channel with a 90-degree wall. In comparison to a triangle shaped channel of the
same depth, it can also sustain a larger volume of water.

204
Trapezoidal best hydraulic section:

205
 SAMPLE CALCULATION TEMPORARY DRAINAGE D1 (CATCHMENT A)

Parameter Calculation Result

Flow for Example of calculation (Zone A)

Drainage 1
Peak Flow, Qp = 2.08𝑚3 /𝑠
Hydraulic radius, R = y/2 = 0.5y
Assume longitudinal slope of the channel,So= 0.002
Assume Manning‘s rough coefficient, n = 0.02 (Brickwork)
(The surface condition of the site is assumed to be covered
with bare clay – loam (eroded))
Use side slope of channel, z = 2
1/2
𝐴𝑅 2/3 𝑆0
𝑄=
𝑛
𝑄𝑛
𝐴𝑅 2/3 =
√𝑠0
2.08(0.02)
(2.472𝑦 2 )(0.5𝑦)2/3 =
√0.002
𝑦 = 0.824𝑚
When y=0.824m, the cross section of the channel is : -

Bottom Width,B = 0.472y=0.472(0.824)= 0.39m

Top Width,T=B+2zy=0.32+2(2.0)(0.824)= 3.616m
Freeboard = 0.3m
Height of Channel, H = y+0.3=0.68+0.3 = 1.12m
Width of Channel,W = T+(2)(2)(0.30)= 4.816m

The flow in the channel must not be more than 2.0 m/s in
order to avoid erosion. Therefore,
𝑄 = 𝐴𝑉

2.08
𝑉 = (2.472)0.8242 = 1.24𝑚/𝑠(OK!)

206
 𝑣 1.24
𝐹𝑟 = = = 0.44<1.0(Subcritical Flow) (OK!)
√𝑔𝑦 √9.81×0.824

207
5.2.2 RESULTS

i. Peak Flow Estimation

Catchme
nt Area,
A Values (ha)

A 19.782

B 31.729

Concentration Time, tc

Catchme Length of Length Height

nt Area, drainage overland sheet Differe to td tc
A Values (ha) (m) flow (m) n nce (m) (min) (min) (min)

A 19.782 1385 505 0.0275 7.97 21.38 23.08 44.46

B 31.729 1898 514 0.0275 7.01 22.15 31.63 53.78

Average Rainfall
Intensity, I

Catchme i2 i10
nt Area, (mm/ (mm/
A ARI, T λ κ d θ η hr) hr)

75.53 98.19
A 2 59.972 0.163 0.741 0.121 0.793 7 5

66.25 86.12
B 2 59.972 0.163 0.896 0.121 0.793 4 8

208
Peak Discharge
Estimation

Avg
Catchme Runoff Rainfall
nt Area, Coefficient, Intensity, Peak Flow, Qp Peak Flow,
A C I (m3/s) Q10 (m3/s)

A 0.5 75.537 2.08 2.7

B 0.5 66.254 2.92 3.8

ii. Temporary Drainage Design

Catchme
nt Area Qp So Y (m) B (m) T (m) H (m) W (m) A (m2) v (m/s) Fr

A 2.08 0.002 0.824 0.39 3.616 1.12 4.816 1.678 1.24 0.44

B 2.92 0.002 1.021 0.48 4.564 1.32 5.764 2.577 1.13 0.36

209
5.3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

5.3.1 INTRODUCTION

For common construction operations that result in erosion of construction sites and the
formation of sediment, which impacts rivers and off-site properties, specific sediment best
management practises (BMPs) should be integrated. Erosion control BMPs, runoff
management BMPs, and sediment control BMPs are the three types of BMPs that relate to the
BMP objectives.

Erosion control Seeding and planting, mulching, geotextiles, and mats are among BMPs that
emphasise providing cover protection to soil. Management of runoff BMPs, such as
temporary earth drains, are temporary infrastructure installed to reduce channel erosion at
construction sites. Containment of sediment BMPs, such as sediment traps and sediment
basins, are structures that are situated downstream of building sites to trap excess sediment
created. These BMPs should be well-designed to guarantee that the facilities available can
handle the on-site demand.

5.3.2 SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION

Soil loss estimation is a set of management measures for preventing soil erosion from the
earth's surface or chemical alteration due to overuse, acidification, salinization, or other
chemical soil pollution. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a semi-empirical
equation that can be used to estimate the erosion of a site's soil in three scenarios:

i. Existing (Undisturbed)
ii. Disturbed and Uncontrolled (without ESC)
iii. Disturbed and controlled (with ESC)

210
USLE consider the factors:

A=R.K.LS.C.P

Where,
A = Average annual soil erosion loss (ton/ha/yr)
R = Rainfall erosivity factor (MJ.mm/ha.yr)
K = Soil erodibility factor (ton/ha/(MJ.mm/ha/h))
LS = Topographic factor, which represents the slope length and slope steepness.
C = Cover Management factor
P = Support Practice factor

211
 Example of calculation (Zone A)

1. Determination of Rainfall Erosivity, R Ractor:

Figure 12.5
(MASMA) R factor for the area of construction site in Mukim Pulai (Johor) falls in
the range of 12,500 – 15,000 MJ.mm/ha.yr. For evaluation purpose, the R factor =15,000
higher limit is used, so MJ.mm/ha.yr

R factor = 15,000 MJ.mm/ha.yr

2. Determination of Soil Erodibility, K Factor:

In determining the K Factor of the develop area, soil data obtained from
the hand auger method for the site is used. The soil sample are tested from
grain analysis and the results are converted to 100% of sand, silt, clay and
organic matter (excluding larger particles), as shown in table below:-

Hand Sample Depth(m) Clay(% Silt(%) Sand(%)

Auger Numbe )
No. r

A 0.5 12.83 35.99 51.19

Table 12.1 HA-1

B 1 15.94 42.11 41.95
(MASMA)

212
 Hand Sample Code Permeability K Factor
Auger No. Number Structure(S) Code(P)

HA-1 A 2 3 0.052

B 2 3 0.050

(10 × 10−4 (12−𝑂𝑀)𝑀1.14 +4.5(𝑆−3)+8.0(𝑃−2))

K= 100

Where,

M = (% silt + % very fine sand) x (100 - % clay)

OM = % organic matter
S = soil structure code
P = permeability class

For existing (Undisturbed) Condition, erosion took place on ground

surface and hence the concerned soil layer is Sample A. For disturbed
conditions (Uncontrolled and controlled), the site has been disturbed and
hence sample B (Representing soil at 1m depth) is used.

By assuming the organic matter in soil is 0.1 %

(10×10−4 (12−0.1)𝑀1.14 +4.5(2−3)+8.0(3−2))

K= 100

K=0.052 ton/ha/(MJ.mm/ha/h)

K=0.052ton/ha/(MJ.
mm/ha/h)

213
 3. Determination of LS Factor

The horizontal slope length (m) and slope steepness (%) needs to be
Table 12.3 determined through elevation information on site. For existing condition,
(MASMA) the contours from topographics maps is used. For disturbed conditions,
designed platform level (proposed reduced level) is used. In order to
evaluate average soil loss, the average slope length and slope steepness of
the entire zone is referred to.

Horizontal slope length, λ = 505 m

Slope steepness, s = (7.97) / 505) x 100 % = 1.578 %

Based on λ and s, the value of LS factor can be obtained using linear

interpolation. Therefore,

LS = 0.400
LS = 0.400
4. Determination of C Factor

For existing condition, the entire site covered with thick forest, hence
Table 12.4a 100% forest coverage was selected. Therefore,
(MASMA)
C Factor = 0.03
C Factor = 0.03
5. Determination of CP Factor

For existing condition, no management support practice is provided

Table 12.5 (undisturbed site). Therefore,
(MASMA)
P Factor = 1.00
P Factor = 1.00

214
6. Determination of Soil Loss

A = R.K.LS.C.P = (15,000)( 0.052)(0.400 )(0.03)(1.00)

= 9.36 ton/ha/yr
A= 9.36 ton/ha/yr

215
5.3.2.1 RESULTS
Zone
Condition Parameters
A B

R 15000 15000

K 0.052 0.050

LS 0.400 0.257
Existing
C 0.03 0.03

P 1.00 1.00

A (ton/ha/yr) 9.36 5.78

R 15000 15000

K 0.052 0.050

LS 0.257 0.257
Earthwork-
Uncontrolled C 1.000 1.000

P 1.000 1.000

A (ton/ha/yr) 200.46 192.75

R 15000 15000

K 0.052 0.050

LS 0.257 0.257
Earthwork-
Controlled C 0.05 0.05

P 0.50 0.50

A (ton/ha/yr) 5.0115 4.8188

216
 Hand Auger Particle size distribution (%)
Sample No. Depth (m)
No. Clay Silt Sand

A 0.5 12.83 35.99 51.19

HA-1
B 1 15.94 42.11 41.95

Hand Auger Code structure Permeability

Sample No. K factor
No. (S) code (P)

A 2 3 0.052
HA-1
B 2 3 0.050

5.3.3 SEDIMENT YIELD ESTIMATION

The amount of sediment predicted at the end of the drainage point from the designated site is
known as sediment yield. As a result, this estimate is utilised to predict the amount of
sediment that will be present in order to size and maintain sediment control BMPs. When
estimating the sediment production of a watershed as a result of a specific storm event, the
Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) is commonly utilised. In sediment basin or
trap design, the predicted amount of sediment storage volume is used. For each particular
storm event, this empirical relationship is stated as

Y=89.6(VQp) 0.56(K.LS.C.P)

Where,
Y = Sediment yield per storm event (tonnes)
V = Runoff volume (m3)
QP = Peak discharge (m3/s)
K, LS, C, P = USLE factors

217
 Sample Calculation

Sediment Basin 1: Zone A

Sediment Basin 2: Zone A

Sediment Basin 1

(a) Determination of Runoff Parameters

i. Design storm

ZoneA :
Catchment Area, A = 19.782 ha
Duration of storm, D = 44.46 minutes
Intensity of design storm, I = 75.537 mm/hr

ii. Calculate peak discharge

ZoneA : Qpeak = 2.08 m3/s ZoneA :

Qpeak = 2.08 m3/s
iii. Calculate runoff volume

Rational Method Hydrograph Method (Type 2)

Zone A :
Time of Concentration, tc = 44.46 minutes
Peak Discharge, Qpeak = 2.08 m3/s

V = area under hydrograph

= 0.5 x (2 x tc) x Qp
= 0.5 x (2 x 44.46 x 60) x 2.08 ZoneA:
= 5548.61 m3 V = 5548.61m3

218
b) Sediment Yield Calculation

In this case, the value of K, LS, C, and P factors are assumed the same as
those used for soil loss estimation for disturbed (uncontrolled)
conditions. Using (MUSLE), the sediment yield can be calculated as
shown below:
Zone A Sediment
Sediment yield, Y Yield = 10.53 tonnes
= Σ(89.6(VQp)^0.56) (K. LS. C. P)
= 10.53 tonnes

219
Result: -

Existing Condition

Peak Runoff Sediment

Catchment
Flow, Qp Volume, K factor LS factor C factor P factor Yield
Area
(m3/s) V (m3) Y (tonne)

Zone A 2.08 5548.61 0.052 0.400 0.03 1.00 10.528

Zone B 2.92 9422.26 0.050 0.257 0.03 1.00 10.580

Total 21.108

Earthwork-Uncontrolled

Peak Runoff Sediment

Catchment
Flow, Qp Volume, K factor LS factor C factor P factor Yield
Area
(m3/s) V (m3) Y (tonne)

Zone A 2.08 5548.61 0.052 0.257 1.00 1.00 225.477

Zone B 2.92 9422.26 0.050 0.257 1.00 1.00 352.657

Total 578.134

Earthwork-Controlled

Peak Runoff Sediment

Catchment
Flow, Qp Volume, K factor LS factor C factor P factor Yield
Area
(m3/s) V (m3) Y (tonne)

Zone A 2.08 5548.61 0.052 0.257 0.05 0.50 5.637

Zone B 2.92 9422.26 0.050 0.257 0.05 0.50 8.816

Total 14.453

220
5.4 SEDIMENT BASIN

A sediment basin is a temporary pond formed on a building site to collect eroded or disturbed
soil washed away during rainstorms and protect the water quality of a nearby stream, river,
lake, or bay. Its purpose is to collect sediment from building sites that have been cleared prior
to the installation of permanent drainage structures. Some basins are temporary, having a
planned life of 12 to 18 months, and are only kept in place until the land is stabilised. Before
the runoff is discharged, the sediment-laden earth settles in the pond. A settling basin is a
building made of soil or concrete. These basins are also used to keep water contamination
under control.

Furthermore, during the soil disturbance (earth-moving) phase of some building projects, the
sediment basin is cleaned out and improved to act as a permanent storm water management
system, either as a detention or retention basin. Before beginning excavation or fill
operations, sediment traps and basins should be built in designated drainage locations. The
sediment basin should not be the primary means of preventing sediment loss at the
construction site. Because of the higher flows, they usually have extra spillway protection.

Advantages
● Costs to construct a sediment basin are quite affordable for one acre up to 100 acre
drainage area that consist of different types of soil such as sand or medium to large
silt.
● Easy and simple installation required.

Disadvantages
● The basin must be construct with sufficient area and topography to ensure that it can
function properly
● The basin should be placed only within the area that is owned by the developer and
any kind of failure that comes from the basin will not affect loss of life, destruction to
the buildings or disturb the nearby public transport services.
● Sediment basin could be one of the attractions to the kids. Thus, the sediment basin
should be constructed according to law that has been regulated by the local
authorization to ensure the safety and health of the user. For certain cases, if the

221
 fencing of the sediment basin is necessary, the position of the sediment basin should
be displayed on the construction area specifically.
● Sediment basin can only be used to remove certain types of sediment such as medium
silt size sediment, however smaller size particles such as fine silt and clay can be
removed effectively with the addition of the chemical provided in the basin.

5.4.1 Maintenance

The sediment basin should be monitored once a week and after each half-inch of rain. If
entering flows are fast fleeing the basin due to big holes in the outlet, the lower portion of the
riser should be adjusted such that incoming flows can be retained for at least 12-24 hours.
Before the end of the construction day, all damages caused by soil erosion or construction
equipment must be corrected. When half of the storage is full, the sediment must be removed
as well. If the sediment basin is intended to serve as a permanent stormwater treatment pond,
the basin and riser will be set up in that method once the upland drainage area has stabilised.

Suspended solids and contaminants that adsorb to solids can be effectively retained in dry
ponds. Retained solids will eventually need to be removed after continued operation. The
status of the dry pond must be checked on a regular schedule. The following action should be
implemented if any level of assessment finds that a dry pond is not draining a runoff event
less than or equal to the design storm volume within the stated design period.

1. Inspect all outlet structures for clogging and/or structural damage. Remove debris and
repair/replace outlet structure if necessary.

2. Inspect the outflow location(s) to make sure a tail-water condition is not impeding
discharge from the pond. If this is the case, the tail-water should be eliminated or the
outlet modified in such a way that drainage occurs within the desired time.

3. If the pond still does not drain within the specified design time, the hydraulics of the
pond should be re-evaluated and the geometry and outlet structure designed.

222
i. Design Criteria

223
 Sample Calculation

For sediment basin 1 (Zone A)

i. Determination Type Of Sediment Basin

The soil type in zone A are sandy loam . Therefore, a dry sediment basin is chosen.

ii. Determination of Basin Dimension

(MSMA)
Table
12.18

Time of concentration of basin 1 catchment, tc: 44.46 minutes

Thus, the required surface area is 250 m2 /ha and the required total volume is 300 m3
/ha.

Catchment area = 19.782 ha

Surface area of basin required, A = 19.782 x 250 = 4945.5 m2

Total basin volume required, V = 19.782 x 300 = 5934.6 m3

(a) Settling zone

Required settling zone, V1 = 2967.3 m3 (half of the total volume)

Settling zone depth, y1 = 0.6 m

Try settling zone average width, W1 = 42 m

224
 Settling zone length,

𝑉1 2967.3
𝐿1 = 𝑦 = 0.6×42= 117.75 m
1 ×𝑊1

Average surface area = 42 x 117.75 = 4946 m2 > 4945.5 m2

Check settling zone dimension (Table 12.17: Basin Dimension) :

𝐿1 117.75
= = 196.25 < 200 (ok!)
𝑦1 0.6
𝐿1 117.75
= =2.8 > 2 (ok!)
𝑊1 42

(b) Sedimentation Storage Zone

Required sediment storage zone volume, V2 = 2967.3 m3 (half of the total

volume)

For a side slope Z = 2(H):1(V), the dimensions at the top of the sediment
storage zone are,

𝑑1 0.6
W2 = W1 – 2 × × Z = 25 – 2 × × 2 = 40.8m
2 2

𝑑1 0.6
L2 = L1 – 2 × × Z = 117.75 - 2 × × 2 = 116.55m
2 2

The required depth for the sediment storage zone, which must be at last 0.3 m,
can be calculated from the following relationship,

225
Which gives,

2967.3 = 4(y2)^3 - 314.7(y2)^2 + 4755.24y2

Hence,

y2 = 0.65

(c) Overall basin dimensions

Base:

Wb = W1 − 2 × Z × (y1/2 + y2) = 42 - [2 × 2 ×(0.6/2 + 0.65)] = 38.2m ≈ 39m

Lb = L1 − 2 × Z × (y1/2 + y2) = 117.75 - [2 × 2 ×(0.6/2 + 0.65)] = 113.95m ≈ 114m

Top:

Wt = W1 − 2 × Z × (y1/2 + freeboard) = 42 - [2 × 2 × (0.6/2 + 0.3)] = 39.6m ≈ 40m

Lt = L1 − 2 × Z × (y1/2 + freeboard) = 117.75 - [2 × 2 × (0.6/2 + 0.3)] ≈ 116m

=115.35

Depth:

● Settling zone, y1 = 0.60 m

● Sedimentation Storage Zone, 2 = 0.65 m
● Side Slope, Z = 2(H):1(V)

226
iii. Sizing of Basin Outlet

The spillways for this sediment basin must be design for 5-years ARI. The proposed
spillway dimension is 2.0 m wide x 1.4 m high.

The sill level must be set a minimum 300mm above the basin top water level. To
simplify the calculations, the following assumptions are made :

● Assume riser pipe flow is orifice flow through the top of the pipe only.
● Riser pipe head is 300mm, i.e. the height between the top of the pipe and the
spillway crest level

(a) Determination of Q10

𝐶𝐼𝐴 0.5(98.195)(19.782)
Q10 = 360 = = 2.10 𝑚3 /s
360

Try with 1 orifice with a diameter of 0.45 m at the same level. Allow a head of 0.30 m
from the centroid of the orifice.

(b) Determination of 𝑸𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒓

𝜋(0.45)2
𝑸𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒓 =
𝑄𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟 = QoAo√2𝑔𝐻𝑜 = 0.5( ) × √2 × 9.81 × 0.3 = 0.19 𝑚3 /s
4 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

(c) Sizing of Spillway

Spillway capacity is

227
 Qrequired = Q10 – Qriser = 2.70 – 0.19 = 2.51 𝑚3 /s

Trial dimension

B =2.0m
Hp = 1.4m
Csp = 1.47m3/s

Qspillway = 1.47 × 2.0 × 1.01.5 = 2.94 𝑚3 /s > 2.51𝑚3 /s (ok!)

Therefore, total basin depth including spillway is

y = y1 + y2 + Hp + Freeboard
= 0.6 + 0.65 + 1.0 + 0.3
= 2.55 m

228
iii. Results

Basin Dimension

Zone A B

Required
2967.3 2300.4
volume, V (m3)

Depth, y1 (m) 0.6 0.6

Settling Width, W1 (m) 42.0 42.0

Zone
Length, L1 (m) 117.75 92.0

L1/y1 196.25 153.33

L1/W1 2.8 2.19

Required
2967.3 2300.4
volume, V (m3)

Depth, y1 (m) 0.6 0.6

Width, W1 (m) 42.0 42.0

Sediment
Z 2 2
ation
Storage Length, L1 (m) 117.75 92.0

Width, W2 (m) 40.8 40.8

Length, L2 (m) 116.55 90.8

y2 0.65 0.65

Overall Width base, Wb

39 39
Basin (m)

Dimensio Length base, Lb

114 87
n (m)

229
 Width top, Wt
40 40
(m)

Length top, Lt
116 90
(m)

Basin Outlet

Qspill
Qrequired Total depth
Zone Q10 (m3/s) Qriser (m3/s) way
(m3/s) (m)
(m3/s)

A 2.7 0.19 2.51 2.94 2.55

B 3.8 0.19 3.61 3.74 2.45

Broad Crested Weir

The most common type of emergency spillway used is a broad-crested overflow weir cut
through original ground next to the embankment. The transverse cross-section of the weir cut
is typically trapezoidal in shape for ease of construction.

To determine whether the weir height (h) is high enough to control the flow.

230
 𝐶𝐼𝐴
Q = 360

Q10 = 2.70 m3/s

Qp = 2.08 m3/s

Q10 - Qp = 0.62 m3/s

Y0 = 0.6 m

B = 2.0 m

A0 = By+ 2y^2 = 1.92 m2

H0 = 0.80

Yc = ((0.62/2^2)/9.81)^⅓ = 0.25 m

yo > yc = 0.25 (subcritical)

hc = Eo – Emin

Eo = yo + (Q^2)/(2gAo^2)

Eo = 0.6 + (0.62^2)/( 2x9.81x1.92^ 2)

Eo = 0.61 m

231
 Emin = 3/2(0.25) = 0.38 m

hc = 0.61 - 0.38 = 0.23

h = 0.8 > hc =0.23 (ok!)

Thus, the weir height enough to control the flow.

Results:

Broad Crested Weir

Q10 - Qp
Zone y0 B A0 H0 hc
(m3/s)

A 0.62 0.6 2.0 1.92 0.8 0.23

B 0.88 0.6 2.0 1.92 0.8 0.23

232
5.5 OTHERS

i. Silt fence
A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier made of filter fabric stretched across and fastened
to supporting poles, embedded, and backed by a wire fence for support, depending on the
strength of the fabric employed. Silt fence does not filter runoff; instead, it traps sediment by
capturing and holding tiny amounts of silt from disturbed regions during construction to
promote sedimentation behind the barrier and reduce flow velocity. Because it responds to
minor overland sheet flow, a silt fence can be considered an on-site control. It works well for
securing the perimeter of the site, protecting the topsoil stockpile, and intercepting sheet flow
along slope contours.

ii. Seeding and planting

Long-term soil stabilisation is achieved through seeding grass and planting trees, bushes, and
ground coverings. It can be used for site stabilisation during and after construction in places
that have been graded or cleared, such as open space, cut and fill areas, steep slopes, spoil
stockpiles, vegetated swales, landscape corridors, and stream banks. For any disturbed or bare
soil, it is the most appropriate and cost-effective cover.

iii. Wash trough

A wash trough is an area used to remove silt from tyres and under carriages at stabilised
construction access locations. It will prohibit the trafficking of sediment onto public roads. A
supply of wash water is required for the tyre wash. To avoid entering automobiles driving
through the wash area, a turning or doublewide exit is required. To transport runoff from the
wash area to the sediment trapping device, such as a sediment basin, a drainage ditch must be
built. To keep the wash through system performing and efficient, the accumulated sediment
in the wash rack must be removed on a regular basis.

233
5.6 APPENDIX

1. Design phase 1

2. Design phase 2

234
 CHAPTER 6
WATER RETICULATION

235
6.1 INTRODUCTION
A water reticulation system is a water distribution networks that collects and treats
water before distributing it to consumers. Commonly, water reticulation systems are
distributed by infrastructure which consists of pumps, storage tanks and pipes made up of the
materials such as plastics, metal or concrete. An adequate and sufficient supply of water is
essential for cattle to drink, feed preparation and for sundry other uses. The factors that
needed to be considered for the implementation of the water reticulation system included size
and types of pipe, location of pipe, design flowrate and pressure, location of storage water
tank, pumps and so on.
The system must be designed and planned to figure out every details of the system
before installation or implementation. A water reticulation system must ensure that the design
of layout, pipe size or pump capacity of the system is able to allow sufficient water to be
supplied from original source to the consumer. Volume of water required must also take in
considerations in the designing and planning of the systems. Water flows in systems can be
either by the help of gravity or pump or a combination of both. Gravity can be used to allow
the water flow from higher elevation of storage tank or reservoirs and then distributed and
controlled by the application of valves. The application of gravity force in water reticulation
systems are more preferred as it is reliable at all time and avoids any potential equipment
failure in a pumped system. In addition, cheaper in operation compared to usage of pumps.
Water reticulation are designed to meet the water demand requirement of consumer
premises which comprise of residential area, industrial area, commercial buildings and other
type of premises at different pressure and water capacity. In this project, the design for the
water reticulation system should follow the guidelines or specification of Suruhanjaya
Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN) and Design guidelines for Water Supply Systems of
Malaysian Water Association (MWA).

236
6.2 OBJECTIVES
The objectives of water reticulation systems design in this project are:
• To determine the most economical and appropriate size of pipe
• To determine storage water tank capacity and elevation of water tank
• To determine water demand in the development zone area
• To determine the flow rate in each pipe
• To ensure the minimum residual pressure heads at peak and fie fighting flow are
satisfied

6.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

6.3.1 Project Background

In this project, we need to design a water reticulation system for the proposed development of
residential area at Mukim Pulai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim. The development area
comprises of housing area, kindergarten, primary school, mosques and others types of
buildings. Water reticulation system is designed to ensure that sufficient water is supplied to
each area with sufficient pressure and demand. The highest point in this development area is
located at the south corner of map which is 40 meter. The information of highest point
elevation is critical to determine the location of water storage tank and peak flowrate value.

6.3.2 Site Condition

Our project area is located in Mukim Pulai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim. The proposed
level of the development area is in the range of between 25.5 m to 40 m. The layout plan of
the proposed development area is as shown below:

237
Figure 1: Development Area of the Project

238
Figure 2: Proposed Level of the Development Area

239
6.4 DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSAL

6.4.1 Design Manuals and References

The general planning and design criteria must follow to the uniform and standardize design
guidelines prepared by local authority in order to streamline the planning and design of water
reticulation system throughout the Malaysia. In this project, our references included Uniform
technical guideline Water Reticulation & Plumbing published by Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan
Air Negara (SPAN) and design guidelines of Malaysian Water Association (MWA).

6.4.2 Pipe Network System

Generally, there are two types of pipe network systems which is closed loop and dead end
system. Closed looped system applied Hardy Cross or Head Balance Method for different
consumer from different types of premises such as housing estate, factories, offices and
multi-storey buildings in a large area of development. On the other hand, dead end is
specially designed for a single consumer by using Bernoulli equation for pipe flow analysis.
This system is normally suitable for small area of development. For this project, we need to
design a pipe network system which is located at a large development area in Mukim Pulai,
Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim. Hence, the designed pipe network system is closed looped
pipe network by using Hardy Cross or Head Balance to determine flow rates in each pipe of
closed pipe network. The closed loop pipe network is useful when the maintenance of
pipelines in order to make sure that water can be supplied to the customers. In this design
project, the fire-fighting pipes must be installed with Mild Steel (MS) with minimum
diameter 150mm. Hence, Mild Steel (MS) pipe with diameter of 150mm and Hazen
Williams’s Coefficient of 130 were used in both peak flow analysis and fire flow analysis.

6.4.2.1 Pipe Layout

The design of pipelines layout plan is importance to determine the design flowrate in each
pipe, residual pressure head and determine the most economic pipe size. The pipe size design
included the pipe diameter, pipe length and type of pipe used in both peak flow and
firefighting flow pipes.

240
 Figure 3: Pipelines Layout Plan of the Development Area

Summary of Pipe Layout

Number of Junctions / Nodes 33
Number of Water Tank 1
Number of Pipes 48
Number of Pumps 0

241
6.4.3 Estimation of Water Demand
There are several types of premises or building that can be found in the development area.
The total water demand for the proposed development area is estimated according to the
Uniform Technical Guidelines Water Reticulation and Plumbing by Suruhanjaya
Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN).

242
 Table 1: Table of Estimated Water Demand According to SPAN Guideline

The table below shows the calculation of water demand based on type of building in the
proposed development area.
Daily Water
Average Daily Water
Types of Premises/Buildings Quantity Demand (Litres per
Demand (Litres)
day)
RUMAH TERES 2 TINGKAT
914 unit 1500/unit 1371000
18' x 65'
RUMAH KLUSTER 2
200 unit 1500/unit 300000
TINGKAT 32' x 70
RUMAH MAMPU BIAYA
133 unit 1100/unit 146300
JOHOR ( JENIS A )
RUMAH MAMPU BIAYA
265 unit 1100/unit 291500
JOHOR ( JENIS B )
RUMAH MAMPU BIAYA
265 unit 1100/unit 291500
JOHOR ( JENIS C )
RUMAH MAMPU BIAYA
265 unit 1100/unit 291500
JOHOR ( JENIS D )
1 unit /2 1000/ 100 square
Dewan Serba Guna 80940
acre metre
Sekolah Rendah (1000
1 unit 50/student 50000
students)

243
 Masjid (600 people) 1 unit 50/person 30000
Sekolah Agama (400 students) 1 unit 50/student 20000
Tadika (80 students) 2 unit 50/student 8000
Total Water Demand 2880740
*1 acre is approximately to 4047 m2

Table 2: Table of Water Demand Based On Type of Buildings

The amounts of students in school are estimated according to the statistics from Kementerian
Pendidikan Malaysia. Next, consider that the amount of people in mosque in each particular
day is unknown, we estimated that the amount of people go to mosque is 600 people per day.

244
Out Average Daily Total Daily Average
Types of
of Unit Water Demand Water Demand Flow
Building/Premises
Node (Litres) (L/day) (L/s)
RUMAH TERES 2
2 62 1500/unit 93000 1.076
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2
3 48 1500/unit 72000 0.833
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2
4 64 1500/unit 96000 1.111
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2
5 80 1500/unit 120000 1.389
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2
6 64 1500/unit 96000 1.111
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
7 75 112500 1.302
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
8 96 144000 1.667
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
9 36 54000 0.625
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
10 54 81000 0.938
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
11 78 117000 1.354
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
12 52 78000 0.903
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
13 75 112500 1.302
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
14 36 54000 0.625
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
15 54 81000 0.938
TINGKAT
RUMAH TERES 2 1500/unit
16 40 60000 0.694
TINGKAT
RUMAH KLUSTER 2 1500/unit
17 30 45000 0.521
TINGKAT
RUMAH KLUSTER 2 1500/unit
18 30 45000 0.521
TINGKAT
RUMAH KLUSTER 2 1500/unit
19 30 45000 0.521
TINGKAT
RUMAH KLUSTER 2 1500/unit
20 30 45000 0.521
TINGKAT
RUMAH KLUSTER 2 1500/unit
21 40 60000 0.694
TINGKAT
RUMAH KLUSTER 2 1500/unit
22 40 60000 0.694
TINGKAT
80
23 Tadika student 50/student 4000 0.046
s
24 Dewan Serba Guna 2 acre 1000/100square 80940 0.937

245
 metre
25 Sekolah Rendah 1000 50/student 50000 0.579
80
Tadika 50/student 4000 0.046
people
26
600
Masjjid 50/people 30000 0.347
people
RUMAH MAMPU
27 BIAYA JOHOR ( 133 1100/unit 146300 1.693
JENIS D )
RUMAH MAMPU 1100/unit
28 BIAYA JOHOR ( 132 145200 1.681
JENIS D )
RUMAH MAMPU 1100/unit
29 BIAYA JOHOR ( 175 192500 2.228
JENIS B )
RUMAH MAMPU 1100/unit
30 BIAYA JOHOR ( 90 99000 1.146
JENIS B )
400
31 Sekolah Agama student 50/student 20000 0.231
s
RUMAH MAMPU 1100/unit
32 BIAYA JOHOR ( 133 146300 1.693
JENIS A )
RUMAH MAMPU 1100/unit
33 BIAYA JOHOR ( 265 291500 3.374
JENIS C )
TOTAL FLOW 2880740 33.342

Table 3: Table of Average Water Demand on Each Node

Sample of Calculation:
Out of Node 3
Types of Buildings = 48 units Double Storey Terrace House (RUMAH TERES 2 TINGKAT)
Average Daily Water Demand for double storey terrace house = 1500/unit
Total Water Demand = 48 x 1500 = 72000 litre/day
Average Flow = 72000 / (24x60x60) = 0.833 litre/s

246
6.4.4 Peak Flow Rates
Peak flow rate are needed to determine pipe sizes approaching domestic storage water tank
without consideration of fire flow rates. The peak flow rate can be determined by multiply the
peak factor, f which depending on the area with the average discharges. Based on the design
criteria in the MWA guidelines, the value of peak factor are as shown below.
Qpeak = peak factor, f x Q average

Area Peak factor, f

Urban and Rural Areas 2.5
Felda Schemes 3.0

Table 4: Peak Factor Based on MWA Guidelines

For this design, peak factor of 2.5 is used for both urban and rural areas in the calculation of
peak flow rates.
Node Average Flow (L/s) Peak Flow Rate (L/s)
2 1.076 2.691
3 0.833 2.083
4 1.111 2.778
5 1.389 3.472
6 1.111 2.778
7 1.302 3.255
8 1.667 4.167
9 0.625 1.563
10 0.938 2.344
11 1.354 3.385
12 0.903 2.257
13 1.302 3.255
14 0.625 1.563
15 0.938 2.344
16 0.694 1.736
17 0.521 1.302
18 0.521 1.302
19 0.521 1.302

247
 20 0.521 1.302
21 0.694 1.736
22 0.694 1.736
23 0.046 0.116
24 0.937 2.342
25 0.579 1.447
0.046 0.116
26
0.347 0.868
27 1.693 4.233
28 1.681 4.201
29 2.228 5.570
30 1.146 2.865
31 0.231 0.579
32 1.693 4.233
33 3.374 8.435
Total 33.342 83.355

Table 5: Peak Flow Rates

Sample of Calculation:
Out of node 3
Peak Factor = 2.5
Peak Flow Rate = 2.5 x 0.833 = 2.083 litre/s

248
6.4.5 Fire Flow Rates
Fire flow is the amount of water that should be available for providing fire protection at
selected locations throughout a community. Firefighting flowrate is the flow rate equal to the
flow equivalent to the number of hydrant used for firefighting purpose while flow in the
domestic water pipes are equal to the average flow rates. For the design, we have to
determine the types of buildings to determine the no of hydrants used in the systems.

Risk Category Design Flow (litre/min) Max no of hydrants used

Class A risk
4100
Complexes, Industrial 3 @ 1370 lpm
Estates, Ports
Class B risk
Congested areas with 2700 2 @ 1370 lpm
buildings up to 5 storeys
Class C risk
Shop houses up to 3-storey, 1370 1
light industry
Class D risk
1140 1
Residential
Class E risk
680 1
Others

Table 6: No of Hydrants Used Based on MWA-Design Guidelines for Water Supply System

For our project, we have to design a water reticulation system for the proposed development
of residential area at Mukim Pulai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim. Our site project are
categorized as Class D risk for residential area, hence, only one fire hydrant used
simultaneously with the design flow of 1140 litres/minutes for the proposed development
area. One node is needed to add the hydrant flow and node 33 is chosen as it is located the
farthest from the supply node 1.

249
 Figure 4: Location of Fire Hydrants

Fire Flow Rate = Average Flow + Fire Hydrant Flow

Sample of Calculation:
For Class D risk,
Design flow = 1140 litre/min
1140 litre 1 min
= ×
1 min 6o sec

= 19 litre /sec
Fire Flow Rate = 3.374 + 19 = 22.374 litre/sec

Node Average Flow (L/s) Fire Flow Rate (L/s)

2 1.076 1.076
3 0.833 0.833

250
 4 1.111 1.111
5 1.389 1.389
6 1.111 1.111
7 1.302 1.302
8 1.667 1.667
9 0.625 0.625
10 0.938 0.938
11 1.354 1.354
12 0.903 0.903
13 1.302 1.302
14 0.625 0.625
15 0.938 0.938
16 0.694 0.694
17 0.521 0.521
18 0.521 0.521
19 0.521 0.521
20 0.521 0.521
21 0.694 0.694
22 0.694 0.694
23 0.046 0.046
24 0.937 0.937
25 0.579 0.579
0.046 0.046
26
0.347 0.347
27 1.693 1.693
28 1.681 1.681
29 2.228 2.228
30 1.146 1.146
31 0.231 0.231
32 1.693 1.693
33 3.374 3.374 + 19 = 22.374
Total 33.342 52.342

Table 7: Fire Flow Rates

251
6.4.6 Head Losses
The pipe head loss is referred as the frictional loss in the pipeline. There has wide variety of
valves and fittings are available for the use in pipelines. The head loss can depend on the flow
through valves and fittings and the equivalent pipe length. However, the head loss in fittings
is often quite small compared to the loss in the straight pipe length. Hence, minor loss in
valves and fitting are usually expressed as the loss through an equivalent length of straight
pipes.
Head losses, hL can be obtained by using Hazen-William’s formula,
10.67𝐿
ℎ𝐿 = 𝑄1.85
𝐶 1.85 𝑑 4.87

6.4.7 Maximum Allowable Velocity

According to MWA guideline, the value allowed is 2.6 m/s in any pipelines in order to
prevent erosion due to turbulence at high velocity. The maximum allowable flow velocity in
the suction pipe of pump system is 1.2 m/s which is purposed to reduce the problems of
cavitation in the pump.

6.4.8 Minimum Residual Pressure Head

According to SPAN, the minimum pressure to be supplied is as shown below:
a) Landed Residential Premises
i. The residual pressure at any water fixture shall not be less than 2.0m head.
ii. Any section of the plumbing system shall not be subject to a pressure of more
than 30m head, otherwise a pressure reducing valve shall be used to lower
water pressures.

b) Multi-storey Buildings

Location Minimum Pressure

Parcel meters of residential units 10m head
Water Fixtures at commercial buildings (non- 7m head
flush valves)
Flush valves 10.5m head

Table 8: Minimum Pressure Requirement Based on SPAN

252
All distribution pipes shall not be subjected to a pressure of more than 30 m head, otherwise a
pressure reducing valve shall be employed to lower water pressure.

6.4.9 Design of Elevated Water Tank/ Storage Provision

Minimum storage capacity of water storage for the total of the development area should be
larger than total water demand for one day. The average daily water demand for the proposed
development of residential area is 2880740 L/day. The land reserves to the water storage
system such as reservoir and pumping station should be in adequate size. According to the
specification of land reserves of SPAN, the minimum site dimensions for the combination of
suction cistern, pumping station and service reservoir is as shown in table below:

253
Table 9: Minimum Site Dimensions of Land Reserves According to SPAN

254
The total water demand for our proposed area is 2880740L/day which is lies in between
2270001 L/day to 3405000 L/day. Based on the table provided by SPAN, the minimum site
dimension for the combination of suction cistern, pumping station and service reservoir
should be 41 m x 90m. The minimum site dimension for construction of suction cistern and
pumping station is 41m x 50m. Next, the minimum site dimension for circular footprint
service reservoir for elevated reservoir is 48m x 48m.

255
6.5 ANALYSIS OF WATER RETICULATION NETWORK

6.5.1 Software for the analysis of Water Reticulation Network: EPANET program
The water reticulation network is analysed by using the EPANET 2.0 software program.
EPANET is a computer program which can model water distribution system. This program
can calculated the flow of water in each pipe, pressure at each node of network, velocity of
water in each pipe, in addition, chemicals species throughout the network during a
stimulation period. EPANET analysed based on Hazen-Williams formula. In this project,
Hazen-Williams coefficient, C used is 130, diameter of pipe is 150 mm, and peak factor for
peak flow is 2.5 while 1 fire hydrant is used for fire flow rate analysis. Firstly, we have to
draw the layout of pipe network in the program. There is one software application which is
EpaCAD is used to insert the pipe network layout from AutoCAD drawing into EPANET
program. In EPANET program, the designer needs to insert the elevation, characteristics of
pipe, water tank or reservoir and water demand value in each node for the program to run.
The iteration process used to obtain final flow and Hardy Cross Method calculation are not
required as the program will auto generated the final flow, velocity and residual head of each
pipe after running. We have to check the generated residual head for each node and the
allowable velocity in pipelines to make sure the value generated meets to the requirement.

256
6.5.2 Result of Computation Using EPANET Software
1. Peak Flow Analysis

Figure 5: Pipe Network Layout of Peak Flow

257
258
Figure 6: Network Table for Each Node (Peak Flow)

259
 Figure 7: Network Table for Each Pipe (Peak Flow)

2. Fire Flow Analysis

Figure 8: Pipe Network Layout of Fire Flow

260
Figure 9: Network Table for Each Node (Fire Flow)

261
262
 Figure 10: Network Table for Each Pipe (Fire Flow)

Based on the results of analysis of EPANET, we need to check for the value of residual head
of each node for both peak flow rate and fire flow rate. According to the guidelines of SPAN,
the minimum residual pressure at any water fixture shall not be less than 2.0 m head for land
residential premises. On the other hand, for multi-storey buildings, the minimum pressure is
10 m head. Pressure of all distribution pipes should not more than 30 m head. Form the
results shown in table of EPANET, the residual head of each node for peak flow and fire flow
rates which in the range are adequate.
Besides that, the velocity of each pipe in the pipe layout should be lower than 2.6 m/s
according to MWA guidelines. The results shown in the tables had met to the requirements
which are lower than 2.6m/s. We can conclude that the peak flow and fire flow analysis is
adequate.

263
6.5.3 Hardy Cross Method - MATLAB/OCTAVE Program
MATALB or OCTAVE is a computer program that designed specifically for engineers and
scientist to analyse and design systems or products by using high performance language.
MATLAB can used to analyse data, develop algorithms and create models and applications.
For this project, we had tried to use the MATLAB/ OCTAVE program to analyse and
compute the flowrate in each pipe by using hardy cross method. Theoritically, the computed
value will be similar to the value generated in EPANET.

264
Figure 11: Octave Coding

265
 Figure 12: Result of Analysis

From the Octave analysis, the results shows fire flowrate analysis of pipe 20, pipe 19, pipe
43, pipe 44, pipe 45, pipe 38 and pipe 39 after 5 iteration in 2 loops. However, the final
flowrate generated in OCTAVE had a significant difference compared to the final flowrate
value in EPANET. Hence, there is an alternative software which is Microsoft Excel are used
to calculate the final flowrate.

6.5.4 Hardy Cross Method - Microsoft Excel

1. Peak Flow Analysis

pipe data iteration 1 final

loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P20 0.15 154.61 130 2084.694 0.03933 5.2394 246.4504 -4.40886E-06 0.0393256
P44 0.15 147.47 130 1988.422 0.01736 1.1007 117.2999 -3.25606E-06 0.0173567
1
P45 0.15 175.79 130 2370.276 -0.00295 -0.0494 30.99698 -1.00686E-06 -0.0029510
P19 0.15 150.64 130 2031.164 -0.04402 -6.2878 264.2527 -4.40886E-06 -0.0440244
total 0.002905 658.9998
del Q -4.40886E-06
pipe data iteration 1
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P38 0.15 179.84 130 2424.885 0.01929 1.6314 156.4571 -1.1528E-06 0.0192888
P39 0.15 146.08 130 1969.679 0.01651 0.9936 111.3403 -1.1528E-06 0.0165088
2
P43 0.15 186.67 130 2516.977 -0.01822 -1.5237 154.7096 1.09639E-06 -0.0182189
P44 0.15 147.47 130 1988.422 -0.01736 -1.1007 117.2999 3.25606E-06 -0.0173567
total 0.000622 539.8068
del Q -1.1528E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P45 0.15 175.79 130 2370.276 0.00295 0.0494 30.99698 1.00686E-06 0.0029510
P43 0.15 186.67 130 2516.977 0.01822 1.5237 154.7096 -2.2492E-06 0.0182178
3 P42 0.15 113.87 130 1535.374 0.03126 2.5232 149.3229 -3.402E-06 0.0312566
P32 0.15 377.46 130 5089.507 -0.00652 -0.4603 130.6044 2.17368E-06 -0.0065178
P17 0.15 112.68 130 1519.328 -0.03829 -3.6338 175.5682 -3.402E-06 -0.0382934
total 0.002181 641.2021
del Q -3.402E-06

266
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P32 0.15 377.46 130 5089.507 0.00652 0.4603 130.6044 -2.17368E-06 0.0065178
P34 0.15 61.31 130 826.677 0.03361 1.5535 85.50787 -5.57568E-06 0.0336044
4
P5 0.15 293.80 130 3961.472 0.00484 0.2065 78.91269 -1.00173E-06 0.0048390
P46 0.15 118.60 130 1599.151 -0.02852 -2.2178 143.8594 -5.57568E-06 -0.0285256
total 0.002447 438.8844
del Q -5.57568E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P5 0.15 293.80 130 3961.472 -0.00484 -0.2065 78.91269 1.00173E-06 -0.0048390
P35 0.15 55.40 130 746.990 0.02721 0.9496 64.56625 -4.57395E-06 0.0272054
5
P9 0.15 295.17 130 3979.944 0.0075 0.4664 115.0405 -5.85186E-06 0.0074941
P8 0.15 55.04 130 742.136 -0.0311 -1.2081 71.86233 -4.57395E-06 -0.0311046
total 0.001511 330.3818
del Q -4.57395E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P9 0.15 295.17 130 3979.944 -0.0075 -0.4664 115.0405 5.85186E-06 -0.0074941
P4 0.15 118.60 130 1599.151 0.01737 0.8862 94.38241 1.27791E-06 0.0173713
6
P26 0.15 297.84 130 4015.945 0.00585 0.2972 93.98142 -2.2398E-06 0.0058478
P10 0.15 118.83 130 1602.252 -0.01548 -0.7175 85.74483 -0.001545239 -0.0170252
total -0.0005 389.1492
del Q 1.27791E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P26 0.15 297.84 130 4015.945 -0.00585 -0.2972 93.98142 2.2398E-06 -0.0058478
P7 0.15 108.71 130 1465.799 0.00995 0.2898 53.87604 3.51771E-06 0.0099535
7
P6 0.15 249.24 130 3360.644 0.0021 0.0374 32.92158 3.29742E-06 0.0021033
P11 0.15 119.30 130 1608.590 -0.00281 -0.0307 20.18447 3.51771E-06 -0.0028065
total -0.00071 200.9635
del Q 3.51771E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P6 0.15 249.24 130 3360.644 -0.0021 -0.0374 32.92158 -3.29742E-06 -0.0021033
P36 0.15 51.40 130 693.055 0.00551 0.0459 15.41411 2.20296E-07 0.0055102
8
P15 0.15 233.30 130 3145.716 0.00096 0.0082 15.84243 1.97087E-07 0.0009602
P48 0.15 52.23 130 704.247 -0.00317 -0.0168 9.790321 2.20296E-07 -0.0031698
total -1.6E-05 73.96844
del Q 2.20296E-07
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P15 0.15 233.30 130 3145.716 -0.00096 -0.0082 15.84243 -1.97087E-07 -0.0009602
P12 0.15 105.40 130 1421.168 0.00324 0.0352 20.12706 2.32096E-08 0.0032400
9
P18 0.15 232.40 130 3133.581 0.00019 0.0004 3.982476 -4.81045E-07 0.0001895
P37 0.15 105.38 130 1420.898 -0.00283 -0.0274 17.93714 2.32096E-08 -0.0028300
total -1.3E-06 57.88911
del Q 2.32096E-08
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P18 0.15 232.40 130 3133.581 -0.00019 -0.0004 3.982476 4.81045E-07 -0.0001895
P16 0.15 159.60 130 2151.977 0.00175 0.0171 18.05476 5.04255E-07 0.0017505
10
P13 0.15 231.10 130 3116.052 0.00002 0.0000 0.584322 5.04255E-07 0.0000205
P14 0.15 161.10 130 2172.203 -0.00172 -0.0167 17.95855 5.04255E-07 -0.0017195
total -2E-05 40.58011
del Q 5.04255E-07
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P10 0.15 118.83 130 1602.252 0.01548 0.7175 85.74483 0.001545239 0.0170252
P2 0.15 241.39 130 3254.798 0.01526 1.4194 172.0747 0.001546517 0.0168065
P41 0.15 114.47 130 1543.464 0.00509 0.0883 32.09064 0.001545297 0.0066353
11
P27 0.15 202.30 130 2727.726 -0.00866 -0.4171 89.0969 0.001544499 -0.0071155
P33 0.15 110.10 130 1484.541 -0.01962 -1.0306 97.17577 0.001546517 -0.0180735
P31 0.15 82.01 130 1105.787 -0.01974 -0.7764 72.75928 0.001546517 -0.0181935
total -0.71634 463.1973
del Q 0.001546517
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P30 0.15 102.50 130 1382.066 -0.00862 -0.2095 44.96572 2.01801E-06 -0.0086180
P27 0.15 202.30 130 2727.726 0.00866 0.4171 89.0969 -0.001544499 0.0071155
12
P47 0.15 153.40 130 2068.379 0.0046 0.0981 39.459 3.34909E-06 0.0046033
P21 0.15 210.60 130 2839.639 -0.00717 -0.3062 78.99983 2.01801E-06 -0.0071680
267 total -0.00051 252.5215
del Q 2.01801E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P41 0.15 114.47 130 1543.464 -0.00509 -0.0883 32.09064 -0.001545297 -0.0066353
P28 0.15 131.80 130 1777.134 0.0096 0.3288 63.36107 1.22032E-06 0.0096012
13
P29 0.15 118.10 130 1592.409 0.00022 0.0003 2.292375 1.20066E-06 0.0002212
P40 0.15 130.47 130 1759.201 -0.00816 -0.2410 54.62907 2.5514E-06 -0.0081574
total -0.00019 152.3731
del Q 1.22032E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P47 0.15 153.40 130 2068.379 -0.0046 -0.0981 39.459 -3.34909E-06 -0.0046033
P40 0.15 130.47 130 1759.201 0.00816 0.2410 54.62907 -2.5514E-06 0.0081574
14
P3 0.15 216.26 130 2915.956 0.00281 0.0556 36.58921 -1.35074E-06 0.0028086
P22 0.15 124.20 130 1674.659 -0.00754 -0.1982 48.62546 -1.33108E-06 -0.0075413
total 0.000239 179.3027
del Q -1.33108E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P3 0.15 216.26 130 2915.956 -0.00281 -0.0556 36.58921 1.35074E-06 -0.0028086
P29 0.15 118.10 130 1592.409 -0.00022 -0.0003 2.292375 -1.20066E-06 -0.0002212
15 P25 0.15 134.6 130 1814.888 0.00652 0.1641 46.57277 1.96625E-08 0.0065200
P24 0.15 346.83 130 4676.505 0.00228 0.0605 49.12898 1.96625E-08 0.0022800
P23 0.15 154.26 130 2079.975 -0.00615 -0.1688 50.78947 1.96625E-08 -0.0061500
total -3.6E-06 185.3728
del Q 1.96625E-08

Table 10: Iteration of Peak Flow Rate

268
 From Node To Node Hazen Effective Head Loss Flow V< 2.6 Required
pipe Peak Flow Diameter K Start End Start End OK/KO
start End William Length HL Velocity,v m/s pressure head

P20 N1 N2 0.0393256 130 0.15 2084.6942 154.61 27.3 27.3 5.2383 2.2251 OK 20 14.7617 >10 <30 OK
P44 N2 N3 0.0173567 130 0.15 1988.4216 147.47 27.3 27.3 1.1003 0.9821 OK 14.7617 13.6614 >10 <30 OK
P45 N6 N3 -0.0029510 130 0.15 2370.2762 175.79 27.3 27.3 -0.0495 -0.1670 OK 14.7617 14.8111 >10 <30 OK
P19 N1 N6 -0.0440244 130 0.15 2031.1645 150.64 27.3 27.3 -6.2889 -2.4909 OK 14.7617 21.0506 >10 <30 OK
P38 N2 N4 0.0192888 130 0.15 2424.8846 179.84 27.3 27.3 1.6312 1.0914 OK 14.8111 13.1799 >10 <30 OK
P39 N4 N5 0.0165088 130 0.15 1969.6794 146.08 27.3 27.3 0.9935 0.9341 OK 14.8111 13.8176 >10 <30 OK
P43 N3 N5 -0.0182189 130 0.15 2516.9774 186.67 27.3 27.3 -1.5235 -1.0308 OK 13.1799 14.7035 >10 <30 OK
P42 N5 N8 0.0312566 130 0.15 1535.3737 113.87 27.3 27.3 2.5226 1.7685 OK 14.8111 12.2885 >10 <30 OK
P32 N7 N8 -0.0065178 130 0.15 5089.5071 377.46 27.3 27.3 -0.4600 -0.3688 OK 13.8176 14.2776 >10 <30 OK
P17 N6 N7 -0.0382934 130 0.15 1519.3283 112.68 27.3 27.3 -3.6344 -2.1667 OK 12.2885 15.9229 >10 <30 OK
P34 N8 N9 0.0336044 130 0.15 826.6775 61.31 27.3 27 1.5530 1.9014 OK 15.9229 14.6699 >10 <30 OK
P5 N9 N12 0.0048390 130 0.15 3961.4719 293.80 27 27 0.2064 0.2738 OK 14.6699 14.4635 >10 <30 OK
P46 N7 N12 -0.0285256 130 0.15 1599.1510 118.60 27.3 27 -2.2186 -1.6140 OK 14.6699 17.1885 >10 <30 OK
P35 N9 N10 0.0272054 130 0.15 746.9896 55.40 27 27 0.9494 1.5393 OK 14.7035 13.7541 >10 <30 OK
P9 N10 N11 0.0074941 130 0.15 3979.9444 295.17 27 27 0.4657 0.4240 OK 13.7541 13.2884 >10 <30 OK
P8 N12 N11 -0.0311046 130 0.15 742.1355 55.04 27 27 -1.2084 -1.7599 OK 13.2884 14.4968 >10 <30 OK
P4 N10 N14 0.0173713 130 0.15 1599.1510 118.60 27 27 0.8863 0.9829 OK 14.4968 13.6105 >10 <30 OK
P26 N14 N13 0.0058478 130 0.15 4015.9455 297.84 27 27 0.2970 0.3309 OK 13.6105 13.3135 >10 <30 OK Table 11:
P10 N11 N13 -0.0170252 130 0.15 1602.2522 118.83 27 27 -0.8556 -0.9633 OK 13.3135 14.1691 >10 <30 OK Summary of Peak
P7 N14 N15 0.0099535 130 0.15 1465.7985 108.71 27 27 0.2900 0.5632 OK 14.1691 13.8791 >10 <30 OK
13.8791 13.8416
Flow Analysis
P6 N15 N16 0.0021033 130 0.15 3360.6442 249.24 27 27 0.0375 0.1190 OK >10 <30 OK
P11 N13 N16 -0.0028065 130 0.15 1608.5895 119.30 27 27 -0.0306 -0.1588 OK 13.8416 13.8722 >10 <30 OK
P36 N15 N17 0.0055102 130 0.15 693.0553 51.40 27 26.8 0.0459 0.3118 OK 13.8722 14.0263 >10 <30 OK
P15 N17 N18 0.0009602 130 0.15 3145.7161 233.30 26.8 26.8 0.0082 0.0543 OK 14.0263 14.0181 >10 <30 OK
P48 N16 N18 -0.0031698 130 0.15 704.2467 52.23 27 26.8 -0.0168 -0.1793 OK 14.0181 14.2349 >10 <30 OK
P12 N17 N20 0.0032400 130 0.15 1421.1679 105.40 26.8 26.8 0.0353 0.1833 OK 14.2349 14.1996 >10 <30 OK
P18 N20 N19 0.0001895 130 0.15 3133.5809 232.40 26.8 26.8 0.0004 0.0107 OK 14.1996 14.1992 >10 <30 OK
P37 N18 N19 -0.0028300 130 0.15 1420.8983 105.38 26.8 26.8 -0.0274 -0.1601 OK 14.1992 14.2267 >10 <30 OK
P16 N20 N21 0.0017505 130 0.15 2151.9772 159.60 26.8 25.5 0.0171 0.0990 OK 14.2267 15.5096 >10 <30 OK
P13 N21 N22 0.0000205 130 0.15 3116.0523 231.10 25.5 25.5 0.0000 0.0012 OK 15.5096 15.5096 >10 <30 OK
P14 N19 N22 -0.0017195 130 0.15 2172.2026 161.10 26.8 25.5 -0.0167 -0.0973 OK 15.5096 16.8262 >10 <30 OK
P31 N11 N23 -0.0181935 130 0.15 1105.7873 82.01 27 27 -0.6676 -1.0294 OK 16.8262 17.4938 >10 <30 OK
P33 N23 N24 -0.0180735 130 0.15 1484.5407 110.10 27 26 -0.8854 -1.0226 OK 17.4938 19.3792 >10 <30 OK
P2 N13 N31 0.0168065 130 0.15 3254.7982 241.39 26 26 1.6969 0.9509 OK 19.3792 17.6823 >10 <30 OK
P41 N31 N26 0.0066353 130 0.15 1543.4639 114.47 26 26 0.1442 0.3754 OK 17.6823 17.5381 >10 <30 OK
P27 N24 N26 -0.0071155 130 0.15 2727.7255 202.30 26 26 -0.2900 -0.4026 OK 17.5381 17.8281 >10 <30 OK
P30 N24 N25 -0.0086180 130 0.15 1382.0656 102.50 26 26 -0.2094 -0.4876 OK 17.8281 18.0375 >10 <30 OK
P21 N25 N27 -0.0071680 130 0.15 2839.6391 210.60 26 26 -0.3060 -0.4056 OK 18.0375 18.3435 >10 <30 OK
P47 N26 N27 0.0046033 130 0.15 2068.3791 153.40 26 26 0.0982 0.2605 OK 18.3435 18.2453 >10 <30 OK
P28 N31 N30 0.0096012 130 0.15 1777.1341 131.80 26 26.2 0.3289 0.5432 OK 18.2453 17.7164 >10 <30 OK
P29 N30 N29 0.0002212 130 0.15 1592.4092 118.10 26.2 26.2 0.0003 0.0125 OK 17.7164 17.7161 >10 <30 OK
P40 N26 N29 -0.0081574 130 0.15 1759.2009 130.47 26 26.2 -0.2408 -0.4616 OK 17.7161 17.7570 >10 <30 OK
P3 N29 N28 0.0028086 130 0.15 2915.9561 216.26 26.2 26 0.0555 0.1589 OK 17.7570 17.9014 >10 <30 OK
P22 N27 N28 -0.0075413 130 0.15 1674.6590 124.20 26 26 -0.1982 -0.4267 OK 17.9014 18.0997 >10 <30 OK
P25 N30 N32 0.0065200 130 0.15 1814.8881 134.6 26.2 26.2 2690.1641 0.3689 OK 18.0997 17.9355 >10 <30 OK
P24 N32 N33 0.0022800 130 0.15 4676.5054 346.83 26.2 26.2 0.0605 0.1290 OK 17.9355 17.8750 >10 <30 OK
P23 N28 N33 -0.0061500 130 0.15 2079.9750 154.26 26 26.2 -0.1688 -0.3480 OK 17.8750 17.8438 >10 <30 OK
 2. Fire Flow Analysis

pipe data iteration 1 final

loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q

P20 0.15 154.61 130 2084.694 0.02456 2.1926 165.1613 -1.5E-06 0.0245585
P44 0.15 147.47 130 1988.422 0.01133 0.4998 81.61606 -2.5E-06 0.0113275
1
P45 0.15 175.79 130 2370.276 -0.00115 -0.0087 13.91758 4.25E-07 -0.0011496
P19 0.15 150.64 130 2031.164 -0.02778 -2.6832 178.6855 -1.5E-06 -0.0277815
total 0.00064 439.3804
del Q -1.4556E-06
pipe data iteration 1
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P38 0.15 179.84 130 2424.885 0.01215 0.6937 105.6216 1.05E-06 0.0121510
P39 0.15 146.08 130 1969.679 0.01104 0.4719 79.08443 1.05E-06 0.0110410
2
P43 0.15 186.67 130 2516.977 -0.01165 -0.6662 105.786 3.98E-06 -0.0116460
P44 0.15 147.47 130 1988.422 -0.01133 -0.4998 81.61606 2.5E-06 -0.0113275
total -0.00039 372.108
del Q 1.04918E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P45 0.15 175.79 130 2370.276 0.00115 0.0087 13.91758 -4.2E-07 0.0011496
P43 0.15 186.67 130 2516.977 0.01165 0.6662 105.786 -2.9E-06 0.0116471
3 P42 0.15 113.87 130 1535.374 0.02131 1.2419 107.8156 -1.9E-06 0.0213081
P32 0.15 377.46 130 5089.507 -0.00416 -0.2004 89.14085 1.41E-06 -0.0041586
P17 0.15 112.68 130 1519.328 -0.02552 -1.7155 124.3575 -1.9E-06 -0.0255219
total 0.000829 441.0175
del Q -1.8804E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P32 0.15 377.46 130 5089.507 0.00416 0.2004 89.14085 -1.4E-06 0.0041586
P34 0.15 61.31 130 826.677 0.0238 0.8204 63.76733 -3.3E-06 0.0237967
4
P5 0.15 293.80 130 3961.472 0.00386 0.1358 65.10697 -2.5E-07 0.0038597
P46 0.15 118.60 130 1599.151 -0.02005 -1.1556 106.6248 -3.3E-06 -0.0200533
total 0.001067 324.64
del Q -3.28541E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P5 0.15 293.80 130 3961.472 -0.00386 -0.1358 65.10697 2.52E-07 -0.0038597
P35 0.15 55.40 130 746.990 0.01931 0.5035 48.23932 -3E-06 0.0193070
5
P9 0.15 295.17 130 3979.944 0.00617 0.3250 97.45208 -2.3E-06 0.0061677
P8 0.15 55.04 130 742.136 -0.02301 -0.6919 55.6268 -3E-06 -0.0230130
total 0.000808 266.4252
del Q -3.03342E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P9 0.15 295.17 130 3979.944 -0.00617 -0.3250 97.45208 2.28E-06 -0.0061677
P4 0.15 118.60 130 1599.151 0.01221 0.4617 69.94707 -7.5E-07 0.0122092
6
P26 0.15 297.84 130 4015.945 0.0047 0.1982 78.02661 -3.5E-07 0.0046997
P10 0.15 118.83 130 1602.252 -0.01025 -0.3346 60.39735 -0.00075 -0.0109966
total 0.000231 305.8231
del Q -7.53936E-07
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P26 0.15 297.84 130 4015.945 -0.0047 -0.1982 78.02661 3.49E-07 -0.0046997
P7 0.15 108.71 130 1465.799 0.00688 0.1464 39.37279 -4E-07 0.0068796
7
P6 0.15 249.24 130 3360.644 0.00214 0.0387 33.45384 9.49E-07 0.0021409
P11 0.15 119.30 130 1608.590 0.00178 0.0132 13.69222 -4E-07 0.0017796
total 6.65E-05 164.5455
del Q -4.04437E-07
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P6 0.15 249.24 130 3360.644 -0.00214 -0.0387 33.45384 -9.5E-07 -0.0021409
P36 0.15 51.40 130 693.055 0.0038 0.0231 11.23973 -1.4E-06 0.0037986
8
P15 0.15 233.30 130 3145.716 0.00135 0.0154 21.16776 4.24E-05 0.0013924
P48 0.15 52.23 130 270
704.247 0.00033 0.0003 1.430979 -1.4E-06 0.0003286
total 9.1E-05 67.29231
del Q -1.35305E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P15 0.15 233.30 130 3145.716 -0.00135 -0.0154 21.16776 -4.2E-05 -0.0013924
P12 0.15 105.40 130 1421.168 0.00193 0.0135 12.95809 -4.4E-05 0.0018862
9
P18 0.15 232.40 130 3133.581 0.00055 0.0029 9.829262 -4.1E-05 0.0005086
P37 0.15 105.38 130 1420.898 0.0005 0.0011 4.110165 -4.4E-05 0.0004562
total 0.002105 48.06527
del Q -4.37896E-05
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P18 0.15 232.40 130 3133.581 -0.00055 -0.0029 9.829262 4.14E-05 -0.0005086
P16 0.15 159.60 130 2151.977 0.00086 0.0046 9.870362 -2.4E-06 0.0008576
10
P13 0.15 231.10 130 3116.052 0.00016 0.0003 3.421988 -2.4E-06 0.0001576
P14 0.15 161.10 130 2172.203 -0.00053 -0.0019 6.602472 -2.4E-06 -0.0005324
total 7.06E-05 29.72408
del Q -2.37545E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P10 0.15 118.83 130 1602.252 0.01025 0.3346 60.39735 0.000747 0.0109966
P2 0.15 241.39 130 3254.798 0.01543 1.4488 173.7028 0.000746 0.0161759
P41 0.15 114.47 130 1543.464 0.00512 0.0893 32.25133 0.000744 0.0058641
11
P27 0.15 202.30 130 2727.726 -0.00858 -0.4100 88.39681 0.00075 -0.0078305
P33 0.15 110.10 130 1484.541 -0.01753 -0.8367 88.30361 0.000746 -0.0167841
P31 0.15 82.01 130 1105.787 -0.01757 -0.6259 65.90211 0.000746 -0.0168241
total -0.33457 448.5567
del Q 0.000745871
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P30 0.15 102.50 130 1382.066 -0.00801 -0.1829 42.24624 -3.6E-06 -0.0080136
P27 0.15 202.30 130 2727.726 0.00858 0.4100 88.39681 -0.00075 0.0078305
12
P47 0.15 153.40 130 2068.379 0.00467 0.1009 39.96881 -5.4E-06 0.0046646
P21 0.15 210.60 130 2839.639 -0.00743 -0.3270 81.4283 -3.6E-06 -0.0074336
total 0.000916 252.0402
del Q -3.6338E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P41 0.15 114.47 130 1543.464 -0.00512 -0.0893 32.25133 -0.00074 -0.0058641
P28 0.15 131.80 130 1777.134 0.01008 0.3599 66.044 1.75E-06 0.0100818
13
P29 0.15 118.10 130 1592.409 -0.00089 -0.0036 7.519828 3.88E-06 -0.0008861
P40 0.15 130.47 130 1759.201 -0.00863 -0.2673 57.29231 -1.5E-08 -0.0086300
total -0.00029 163.1075
del Q 1.75177E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P47 0.15 153.40 130 2068.379 -0.00467 -0.1009 39.96881 5.4E-06 -0.0046646
P40 0.15 130.47 130 1759.201 0.00863 0.2673 57.29231 1.5E-08 0.0086300
14
P3 0.15 216.26 130 2915.956 0.00551 0.1932 64.85322 3.9E-06 0.0055139
P22 0.15 124.20 130 1674.659 -0.01041 -0.3599 63.96335 1.77E-06 -0.0104082
total -0.0004 226.0777
del Q 1.76677E-06
loop pipe d(m) L(m) C K Q h nhl/Q del Q
P3 0.15 216.26 130 2915.956 -0.00551 -0.1932 64.85322 -3.9E-06 -0.0055139
P29 0.15 118.10 130 1592.409 0.00089 0.0036 7.519828 -3.9E-06 0.0008861
15 P25 0.15 134.6 130 1814.888 0.00983 0.3508 66.02252 -2.1E-06 0.0098279
P24 0.15 346.83 130 4676.505 0.00814 0.6376 144.9185 -2.1E-06 0.0081379
P23 0.15 154.26 130 2079.975 -0.01424 -0.7981 103.6844 -2.1E-06 -0.0142421
total 0.000824 386.9985
del Q -2.1286E-06

Table 12: Iteration of Fire Flow Rate

271
 From
To Node Hazen Effective Head Flow V< 2.6 Required
pipe Node Peak Flow Diameter K Start End Start End OK/KO
End William Length Loss HL Velocity,v m/s pressure head
start

P20 N1 N2 0.0245585 130 0.15 2084.694 154.61 27.3 27.3 2.1924 1.3895 OK 20 17.8076 >10 <30 OK
P44 N2 N3 0.0113275 130 0.15 1988.422 147.47 27.3 27.3 0.4996 0.6409 OK 17.8076 17.3080 >10 <30 OK
P45 N6 N3 -0.0011496 130 0.15 2370.276 175.79 27.3 27.3 -0.0086 -0.0650 OK 17.8076 17.8163 >10 <30 OK
P19 N1 N6 -0.0277815 130 0.15 2031.164 150.64 27.3 27.3 -2.6834 -1.5719 OK 17.8076 20.4911 >10 <30 OK
P38 N2 N4 0.0121510 130 0.15 2424.885 179.84 27.3 27.3 0.6938 0.6875 OK 17.8163 17.1225 >10 <30 OK
P39 N4 N5 0.0110410 130 0.15 1969.679 146.08 27.3 27.3 0.4720 0.6247 OK 17.8163 17.3442 >10 <30 OK
P43 N3 N5 -0.0116460 130 0.15 2516.977 186.67 27.3 27.3 -0.6657 -0.6589 OK 17.1225 17.7882 >10 <30 OK
P42 N5 N8 0.0213081 130 0.15 1535.374 113.87 27.3 27.3 1.2417 1.2056 OK 17.8163 16.5745 >10 <30 OK
P32 N7 N8 -0.0041586 130 0.15 5089.507 377.46 27.3 27.3 -0.2003 -0.2353 OK 17.3442 17.5446 >10 <30 OK
P17 N6 N7 -0.0255219 130 0.15 1519.328 112.68 27.3 27.3 -1.7157 -1.4441 OK 16.5745 18.2902 >10 <30 OK
P34 N8 N9 0.0237967 130 0.15 826.6775 61.31 27.3 27 0.8201 1.3464 OK 18.2902 17.7701 >10 <30 OK
P5 N9 N12 0.0038597 130 0.15 3961.472 293.80 27 27 0.1358 0.2184 OK 17.7701 17.6343 >10 <30 OK
P46 N7 N12 -0.0200533 130 0.15 1599.151 118.60 27.3 27 -1.1559 -1.1346 OK 17.7701 19.2260 >10 <30 OK
P35 N9 N10 0.0193070 130 0.15 746.9896 55.40 27 27 0.5034 1.0924 OK 17.7882 17.2848 >10 <30 OK
P9 N10 N11 0.0061677 130 0.15 3979.944 295.17 27 27 0.3248 0.3490 OK 17.2848 16.9601 >10 <30 OK
P8 N12 N11 -0.0230130 130 0.15 742.1355 55.04 27 27 -0.6920 -1.3021 OK 16.9601 17.6521 >10 <30 OK
P4 N10 N14 0.0122092 130 0.15 1599.151 118.60 27 27 0.4616 0.6908 OK 17.6521 17.1905 >10 <30 OK
P26 N14 N13 0.0046997 130 0.15 4015.945 297.84 27 27 0.1982 0.2659 OK 17.1905 16.9923 >10 <30 OK
P10 N11 N13 -0.0109966 130 0.15 1602.252 118.83 27 27 -0.3811 -0.6222 OK 16.9923 17.3734 >10 <30 OK
P7 N14 N15 0.0068796 130 0.15 1465.799 108.71 27 27 0.1464 0.3893 OK 17.3734 17.2270 >10 <30 OK
P6 N15 N16 0.0021409 130 0.15 3360.644 249.24 27 27 0.0387 0.1211 OK 17.2270 17.1883 >10 <30 OK
P11 N13 N16 0.0017796 130 0.15 1608.59 119.30 27 27 0.0132 0.1007 OK 17.1883 17.1751 >10 <30 OK Table 13:
P36 N15 N17 0.0037986 130 0.15 693.0553 51.40 27 26.8 0.0231 0.2149 OK 17.1751 17.3520 >10 <30 OK Summary of Fire
P15 N17 N18 0.0013924 130 0.15 3145.716 233.30 26.8 26.8 0.0164 0.0788 OK 17.3520 17.3357 >10 <30 OK
P48 N16 N18 0.0003286 130 0.15 704.2467 52.23 27 26.8 0.0003 0.0186 OK 17.3357 17.5354 >10 <30 OK
Flow Analysis
P12 N17 N20 0.0018862 130 0.15 1421.168 105.40 26.8 26.8 0.0130 0.1067 OK 17.5354 17.5225 >10 <30 OK
P18 N20 N19 0.0005086 130 0.15 3133.581 232.40 26.8 26.8 0.0025 0.0288 OK 17.5225 17.5199 >10 <30 OK
P37 N18 N19 0.0004562 130 0.15 1420.898 105.38 26.8 26.8 0.0009 0.0258 OK 17.5199 17.5190 >10 <30 OK
P16 N20 N21 0.0008576 130 0.15 2151.977 159.60 26.8 25.5 0.0046 0.0485 OK 17.5190 18.8144 >10 <30 OK
P13 N21 N22 0.0001576 130 0.15 3116.052 231.10 25.5 25.5 0.0003 0.0089 OK 18.8144 18.8142 >10 <30 OK
P14 N19 N22 -0.0005324 130 0.15 2172.203 161.10 26.8 25.5 -0.0019 -0.0301 OK 18.8142 20.1161 >10 <30 OK
P31 N11 N23 -0.0168241 130 0.15 1105.787 82.01 27 27 -0.5776 -0.9519 OK 20.1161 20.6937 >10 <30 OK
P33 N23 N24 -0.0167841 130 0.15 1484.541 110.10 27 26 -0.7721 -0.9497 OK 20.6937 22.4658 >10 <30 OK
P2 N13 N31 0.0161759 130 0.15 3254.798 241.39 26 26 1.5810 0.9152 OK 22.4658 20.8848 >10 <30 OK
P41 N31 N26 0.0058641 130 0.15 1543.464 114.47 26 26 0.1147 0.3318 OK 20.8848 20.7700 >10 <30 OK
P27 N24 N26 -0.0078305 130 0.15 2727.726 202.30 26 26 -0.3462 -0.4431 OK 20.7700 21.1162 >10 <30 OK
P30 N24 N25 -0.0080136 130 0.15 1382.066 102.50 26 26 -0.1831 -0.4534 OK 21.1162 21.2993 >10 <30 OK
P21 N25 N27 -0.0074336 130 0.15 2839.639 210.60 26 26 -0.3273 -0.4206 OK 21.2993 21.6266 >10 <30 OK
P47 N26 N27 0.0046646 130 0.15 2068.379 153.40 26 26 0.1007 0.2639 OK 21.6266 21.5259 >10 <30 OK
P28 N31 N30 0.0100818 130 0.15 1777.134 131.80 26 26.2 0.3600 0.5704 OK 21.5259 20.9660 >10 <30 OK
P29 N30 N29 -0.0008861 130 0.15 1592.409 118.10 26.2 26.2 -0.0036 -0.0501 OK 20.9660 20.9696 >10 <30 OK
P40 N26 N29 -0.0086300 130 0.15 1759.201 130.47 26 26.2 -0.2673 -0.4883 OK 20.9696 21.0368 >10 <30 OK
P3 N29 N28 0.0055139 130 0.15 2915.956 216.26 26.2 26 0.1934 0.3120 OK 21.0368 21.0434 >10 <30 OK
P22 N27 N28 -0.0104082 130 0.15 1674.659 124.20 26 26 -0.3598 -0.5889 OK 21.0434 21.4032 >10 <30 OK
P25 N30 N32 0.0098279 130 0.15 1814.888 134.6 26.2 26.2 272
0.3507 0.5561 OK 21.4032 21.0526 >10 <30 OK
P24 N32 N33 0.0081379 130 0.15 4676.505 346.83 26.2 26.2 0.6373 0.4604 OK 21.0526 20.4152 >10 <30 OK
P23 N28 N33 -0.0142421 130 0.15 2079.975 154.26 26 26.2 -0.7983 -0.8058 OK 20.4152 21.0135 >10 <30 OK
6.6 WATER TANK DESIGN

The Height of the Elevated Water Tank

Peak flow rate, Q = 83.355l/s
𝐻1 = 20m (pressure head)
𝑧1 = 27.3 m
Length, L = 919.8m
Diameter, d = 323mm

Using the Bernoulli’ equation to determine the height of the elevated water tank
𝟏𝟎.𝟔𝟕𝑳
𝒛𝟎 = 𝑯𝟏 + 𝒛𝟏 + 𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝒅𝟒.𝟖𝟕 𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓
10.67(919.8)
𝑧0 = 20 + 27.3 + (0.083355)1.85
(130)1.85 (0.323)4.87

𝒛𝟎 = 50.3m = BWL (Bottom Water Level)

The height of water tank is 6 meter therefore,

TWL = 50.3 + 6 = 56.3m (Top Water Level)

Capacity of the Elevated Water Tank

Total water demand = 2,880,740 l/day
Volume = 2881𝑚3
Proposed size of water tank, [Workable storage design (cylindrical shape)]
Workable height, h = 6m
Diameter, d = 26m
Workable volume of water tank = π𝑟 2 h
= π x 132 x 6
= 3186 𝒎𝟑 > 2881 𝒎𝟑 OK!

273
Supply Pipe from the Water Mains
In order to design the supply pipe from water mains, the value of minimum available pressure
head at water should be obtained from local authority. In this project, we assumed the
minimum available pressure head, HA is 22.6 m with elevation of 53 m. The diameter of main
pipe is assumed as 250 mm while the length of pipe from water mains to water tank is 150 m.
By using Bernoulli’s equation, we need to check the suitability of the pipe diameter and the
residual pressure head at water tank which should be greater than 7.62m. If the value
obtained is greater than 7.62 m, suction tank and pump is not required to supply water from
main pipe to water tank.

Pipe Properties Design

Critical Flowrate, Q = 83.355 litre/sec
Type of Pipe = Mild Steel Pipe
Hazen William, C = 130
Length, L = 150m
Diameter, d = 250mm

𝑄 0.083355
Flow velocity in this pipe, v = = 4[ ] = 1.70 m/s < 2.6 m/s OK!
𝐴 𝜋(0.25)2

ZB = TWL = 56.3 m
𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝑳
𝑯𝑨 +𝒛𝑨 = 𝑯𝑩 +𝒛𝑩 + 𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝒅𝟒.𝟖𝟕
𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟕(𝟏𝟓𝟎)
𝟐𝟐. 𝟔 + 𝟓𝟑 = 𝑯𝑩 + 𝟓𝟔. 𝟑 + (𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟓𝟓)𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟏.𝟖𝟓 (𝟎. 𝟐𝟓)𝟒.𝟖𝟕
HB = 22.6 + 53 – 56.3 - 1.695
= 17.6 m > 7.62 m OK!
Based on the calculation, pump and suction tank is no need for the project.

274
Figure 13: Water Tank Design

Figure 13: Water Tank Design

275
6.7 CONCLUSION
In this project, we determined the total water demand in the proposed development residential
area, water tank capacity, location of water tank, fire hydrant, water flow rate and velocity.
Fire hydrant is located at the furthest node from water tank in order to make sure there is
sufficient water supply in the whole development area. Closed loop pipe system are used for
this project due to its benefits that water can be supplied to consumers when the pipelines is
closed for maintenance work. Mild steel pipe with nominal diameter of 150 mm is used for
the domestic pipe and firefighting pipes. The total water demand in the development area is
around 2880740 L/day. The pipes in all pipelines layout is checked in order to make sure the
velocity of pipelines is lower than 2.6m/s to prevent erosion issues due to turbulence at high
velocity. Minimum residual pressure head should be achieved in every node to prevent
overflow, however, when the distribution pipes subjected to more than 30m, a pressure
reducing valve need to be installed to reduce the water pressures.

Based on the analysis, cylindrical water tank with 26m diameter and 6m height is
recommended to be used in this project. Water tank is located at the highest elevation which
is 40m while the bottom water level (BWL) and top water level (TWL) is 50.3 m and 56.3m
respectively. The capacity of designed water tank is 3186m3 which have sufficient storage
capacity for the consumers in this development area. We can also save up the cost of suction
tank and pump by using the help of gravity to supply water from water mains to tank.

276
CHAPTER 7
APPENDIX

277
 >>
nai
Se
PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21,

Ke
TAMAN
AKTA PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), PELAN LOKASI PULAI JAYA

SCALE 1 : 15,000
TAMAN
BAGI TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN SUSUNATUR PERUMAHAN, 46738

46739
PULAI EMAS

DI ATAS LOT 3002, LOT 3003, LOT 3010, LOT 3011, LOT 166152, LOT 166154,
LOT 166156 DAN LOT 166158, MUKIM PULAI, JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL 1916

Ke Sku
dai >>

BANDAR BARU TAMAN

TA’ZIM. KANGKAR PULAI
wa
y PULAI
PERDANA TAMAN
igh
nH
ntia SRI PULAI
UNTUK TETUAN SCIENTEX QUATARI SDN. BHD. da
i-
Po
PERDANA II
Sku Jln
. Hi
daya ai
h Pul
ar
SYIT PIAWAI : 65 A I >> Dari Pontian
Jln.
Kan
gk

LOT
C:\Users\USER\Downloads\cbde8699-e7e2-47d4-a2a6-845262107200.jpg
C:\Users\zahaw\Downloads\WhatsApp Image 2021-05-04 at 5.12.13 AM.jpeg

166152
LUAS : 202.244 EKAR KAMPUNG MELAYU

Persiaran Pulai Utama

BANDAR BARU
SKALA : 1 : 1,000 KANGKAR PULAI
KANGKAR PULAI

LEBUHRAY
KANGKAR PULAI

LWX CONSULTANT SDN BHD

A LINK KEDU
31894

Persiaran Pulai Indah

LAM SAN
BANDAR BARU LOT 166154 ESTATE
KANGKAR PULAI

A
31895
LOT 166156

3002 3003

39
TAMAN
PULAI INDAH II
3010 3011

LOT 166158
ZONE A
40 E3

50m
86m
TAMAN
PULAI INDAH 1 DEVELOPMENT
TAMAN

41

Persiaran Pulai Mutiara

PULAI MUTIARA II
ve
960 er
Res
(under construction) ne
Li
on
See Picture 'A' issi 790
sm LAM SAN
an
Tr ESTATE

43

Ke Tuas >>
569

TAMAN
PULAI MUTIARA 954 570

LEGEND

45
CUT

43
FILL

41
GRID SIZE : 30 x 30 m

TOTAL AREA : 567869.481 m²

PREPARED BY:
39

TOTAL VOL. : 430312 m³

NURAFINA FARISA BINTI MOHD JANI
TOTAL CUT VOL. : 224010 m³
ASST.HOD
8.18m
36

EARTHWORK DEPARTMENT
TOTAL FILL VOL. : 206302 m³
LWX CONSULTANT SDN BHD
33

CHECKED BY:
ZONE 1
35622 m²
NUR AINAA AISYAH BINTI AZIZAN
PROJECT MANAGER
30.5

27.5
LWX CONSULTANT SDN BHD
29

APPROVED BY:
28

27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3

See Picture 'B'

27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3

27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3

ZONE 2
164 673 m² 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3

27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3

27
26.2

27 27

27 27 27

ZONE 3 27 27 27 25.5
149 355 m²
27 27 26 26
27
27
26

26
26.8 26.8 26

26.8 26.8 26 26
ZONE 4
218 219.481 m² 26.8 26.8 26
26.2

26
26.8 26.8 26

26.8 26.8
26.2
26.2 26.2 26.2
25.5
26.2

278
 >>
nai
Se
PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21,

Ke
TAMAN
AKTA PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), PELAN LOKASI
SCALE 1 : 15,000
PULAI JAYA

TAMAN
BAGI TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN SUSUNATUR PERUMAHAN, PULAI EMAS

DI ATAS LOT 3002, LOT 3003, LOT 3010, LOT 3011, LOT 166152, LOT 166154,
LOT 166156 DAN LOT 166158, MUKIM PULAI, JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL TA’ZIM. Ke Sku
dai >>

BANDAR BARU TAMAN

KANGKAR PULAI
UNTUK TETUAN SCIENTEX QUATARI SDN. BHD. nH
igh
wa
y PULAI
PERDANA TAMAN
ntia SRI PULAI
Po
i- PERDANA II
SYIT PIAWAI : 65 A I Sku
da Jln
. Hi
daya
Pul
ai
h ar

LUAS : 202.244 EKAR >> Dari Pontian

Jln.
Kan
gk

LOT
C:\Users\USER\Downloads\cbde8699-e7e2-47d4-a2a6-845262107200.jpg

166152
SKALA : 1 : 1,000 KAMPUNG MELAYU

Persiaran Pulai Utama

BANDAR BARU KANGKAR PULAI
KANGKAR PULAI

LEBUHRAY
KANGKAR PULAI

LWX CONSULTANT SDN BHD

A LINK KEDU
31894

Persiaran Pulai Indah

LAM SAN
BANDAR BARU LOT 166154 ESTATE
KANGKAR PULAI

A
31895
LOT 166156

3002 3003

TAMAN
PULAI INDAH II
3010 3011

LOT 166158
ZONE A
E3
TAMAN
PULAI INDAH 1 DEVELOPMENT
TAMAN

Persiaran Pulai Mutiara

PULAI MUTIARA II
ve
960 er
Res
(under construction) ne
Li
on
issi 790
sm LAM SAN
an
Tr ESTATE

Ke Tuas >>
569

TAMAN
PULAI MUTIARA 954 570

LEGEND

CUT

FILL

GRID SIZE : 30 x 30 m

TOTAL AREA : 567869.481 m²

PREPARED BY:
TOTAL VOL. : 430312 m³
ZONE 1
TOTAL CUT VOL. : 224010 m³ 35622 m² NURAFINA FARISA BINTI MOHD JANI
ASST.HOD
EARTHWORK DEPARTMENT
TOTAL FILL VOL. : 206302 m³ Average Distance = 130 m
LWX CONSULTANT SDN BHD

Average Distance = 782 m

CHECKED BY:

NUR AINAA AISYAH BINTI AZIZAN

PROJECT MANAGER
LWX CONSULTANT SDN BHD

APPROVED BY:

ZONE 2
164 673 m²
Average Distance = 200 m
Average Distance = 522 m

ZONE 3
149 355 m²
Average Distance = 130 m

ZONE 4
218 219.481 m² Average Distance = 130 m

279