Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity.

• Objectives:

To learn about cells involved in cell
mediated cytotoxicity

Mechanism of cell mediated cytotoxicity.

Protection induced by cell mediated
immunity.

Immunopathological conditions resulting
from cell mediated cytotoxicity.
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 Ags are Internalized, Processed and Presented by APC

MHC+Epitope complex is recognized by T cells

Specific T cells become activated

HELP for B cells HELP for T cells

T cells activate other T

B cells produce antibodies
cells and macrophages

CELL-MEDIATED Immunity
HUMORAL Immunity 2
How do T cells recognize MHC+Ag?
Via the T Cell Receptor (TCR)

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 TCR Molecules – 2 types

TCR1 TCR2

Made of γ and δ chains Made of α and β chains

Mucosal surfaces Circulation

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TCR2

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Co-receptor a condition for MHC-Ag
recognition by TCR.

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TCR

PEPTIDE

MHC

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 Effectors of Cell-mediated
Immunity

• Which cells are involved in CMI?

• How do they function in immunity?

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 Effectors of Cell-mediated Immunity

APC

Th cells

Cytokines

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 APC Effectors of Cell-mediated Immunity

Th cells

Tc cells

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 Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity by Tc cells-
Effector molecules.

Perforin Enzymes Cytokines

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Mechanism of perforin induced
cytotoxicity.

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Perforin Enzymes Cytokines

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Mechanism of enzyme induced
cytotoxicity.

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Perforin Enzymes Cytokines

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Granzymes Cytokines

T cell cytotoxicity (killing)

Programmed cell death

=Cell Suicide

=Apoptosis
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 APC Effectors of Cell-mediated Immunity

Th cells

NK cells

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Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity - NK

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Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity – K
(ADCC).

K cells may refer to:

•Cells of the digestive system that synthesize
gastric inhibitory polypeptide
•Natural killer cells
•Knudson cells

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Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

No antibodies added Antibodies present

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So, three types of Cytotoxic Cells.

• T cytotoxic (Tc) cells

• Natural Killer (K) cells

• K (ADCC) cells

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Cytotoxic cells work in inter-link.

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 Role of macrophages in cell mediated
cytotoxicity.
APC
Effectors of Cell-mediated
Immunity
Th cells

Granulocytes

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Macrophages are Central to CMI

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 Effectors of Cell-mediated Immunity
APC

Th cells

Granulocytes

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 How does CMI defend us?
• Cytokines – activate effector cells
• Tc – kill virus-infected cells, tumour cells
• NK cells – kill virus-infected cells, tumour cells
• Macrophages – phagocytosis, killing of bacteria
• ADCC – kill target cells
• Granulocytes – phagocytosis, killing of bacteria

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Immunopathological Reactions due to Cell
mediated cytotoxicity.

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3. Granuloma.

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Summary.

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