MUSIC 10

INTRODUCTION
• This unit will discuss twentieth-century music and historical and cultural background of the different
genres as well as the period’s famous composers. Topics on musical styles and representative
composers will be discussed and divided into three movements.
• Impressionism, Expressionism, Electronic and Chance music.
• Famous masterpieces of prominent composers will be discussed and explained through music
listening and analysis. Music sheets will also be provided for forms and analysis of musical styles.
• Musical forms that will be discussed in this unit will give new and varied ideas of the period’s music
evolution as compared with the early periods. Readers will be educated on the major change in
sounds but will not neglect the fulfillment of experiencing great music.
Concept
Map
 BUT BEFORE THAT LET’S HAVE A
RECALL THE MUSICAL STYLES
DURING MEDIEVAL, RENAISSANCE,
BAROQUE, CLASSICAL, AND
ROMANTIC PERIOD.
MEDIEVAL RENAISSANCE BAROQUE CLASSICAL ROMANTIC
Medieval period
• Medieval music was both sacred and
secular.
• During the earlier medieval period, the
liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian
chant, was monophonic.
MONOPHONIC- consisting of a single musical
line, without accompaniment.
Example 1: Chant
Example 1: Chant
http://gregorian-chant-hymns.com/hymns-
2/veni-sancte-spiritus.html
Example 2: Salva Regina
http://gregorian-chant-hymns.com/hymns-
2/salve-regina-monastic.html

Example 2: Salva Regina

 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• The Western music tradition and
religious music development can
be traced back in Europe during
the medieval period from 400 CE
to 1400 CE.
• It is also called the Middle Ages ,
referring between the fall of the
Roman Empire and the age of
reawakening and discovery.
 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• Even during a time of adventurism
disturbances, and war, most music
of the “Dark Ages” was based upon
a religious subject. Choirs
expressed faith through beautiful
melodies.
• By the thirteenth century,
magnificent works of architecture,
sculpture, paintings, poetry, and
music appeared.
• most of the sacred music was
never written down. Only the music
of the Church is well- preserved
because at that time only the
people of the Church were
educated
 From the Renaissance era both
secular and sacred music survives in

RENAISSANCE PERIOD
quantity, and both vocal and
instrumental. An enormous diversity
of musical styles and genres
flourished during the Renaissance
and can be heard on commercial
recordings in the twenty-
first century, including masses,
motets, madrigals, chansons,
accompanied songs, instrumental
dances, and many others. Numerous
early music ensembles specializing in
music of the period give concert
tours and make recordings, using a
wide range of interpretive styles.
 One of the most pronounced
features of early Renaissance
European art music was the
RENAISSANCE PERIOD increasing reliance on the
interval of the third (in the
Middle Ages, thirds had been
considered dissonances).
Polyphony became increasingly
elaborate throughout the
fourteenth century, with highly
independent voices: the
beginning of the
fifteenth century showed
simplification, with the voices
often striving for smoothness.
POLYPHONY- literally means
“many voices”. Two or more melodic lines
sung together.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC34
cajGG4U

DISSONANCE- relation to
the impression of tension or clash
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atx5b
p2X7eo
 RENAISSANCE PERIOD

Example 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUAgAF4Khm
g
 • Musicians of the sixteenth century were
supported by the chief institutions of
their society-the Church, city and state,
and royal and aristocratic courts.
• As the effect of the art spread,
professional possibilities for the
musicians widened.
• They found employment as singers,
instrumentalists, composers,
choirmaster, copyists, teachers,
instrument makers, music printers, and
publishers.
• There was also a corresponding growth
in musical institutions like church choirs
and schools, wind bands, and publishing
houses.
• There were improved opportunities for

RENAISSANCE PERIOD
apprentices to study with master
singers, players, and instrument makers.
Baroque period
• Contrast as a dramatic element
Contrast is an important ingredient
in the drama of a Baroque composition.
The differences between loud and soft,
solo and ensemble (as in the concerto),
different instruments and timbres all
play an important role in many Baroque
compositions. Composers also began
to be more precise about
instrumentation, often specifying the
instruments on which a piece should be
played instead of allowing the
performer to choose. Brilliant
instruments like the trumpet and violin
also grew in popularity.
Baroque period
• Monody/Monophony and the
advent of the basso continuo
In previous musical eras, a piece
of music tended to consist of a single
melody, perhaps with an improvised
accompaniment, or several melodies
played simultaneously. Not until the
Baroque period did the concept of
“melody” and “harmony” truly begin
to be articulated. As part of the effort
to imitate ancient music, composers
started focusing less on the
complicated polyphony that
dominated the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries and more on a single voice
with a simplified accompaniment, or
monody.
Baroque period
• Different instrumental
sounds
After being ignored for
decades, Baroque music
has become increasingly
popular over the last fifty
years. As part of this new
interest, scholars and
musicians have spent
countless hours trying to
figure out how the music
might have sounded to 17th
and 18th century audiences.
 Basso continuo- also called
continuo, thoroughbass, or figured
bass, in music, a system of
partially improvised
accompaniment played on a
bass line, usually on a keyboard
instrument.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTGVOvTv0zE SAMPLE FOR BASSO CONTINUO

Example 1: HALLELUJAH CHORUS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
usfiAsWR4qU

HALLELUJAH CHORUS
 Every culture has its own music.
And different cultures developed
their music for different purposes
and in different ways: religious
services, secular entertainment,
and royal events and
celebrations.
The latter is perceived as the
reason why classical music is
reserved for the elite.
During the earlier part of
Western music, some musicians
had difficulty recalling and
playing the exact works of the
composers.
Due to more complexities on this
Classical period concern of musical
performances, printed copies of
composers’ works became
necessary.
Classical period
 CLASSICAL PERIOD

Example 1: Mozart dodici variazioni per pianoforte su ah vous dirais-je

maman kv265 Example 1: Mozart dodici variazioni per
pianoforte su ah vous dirais-je maman
kv265
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NO-ecxHEPqI

Example 2: Happy Birthday- Theme and

Variations on Violin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqr1qtWo9_Q
Example 2: Happy Birthday- Theme and Variations on Violin
Romantic period
 ROMANTIC PERIOD

Example 1: Unfinished symphony

Schubert
Example 1: Unfinished symphony Schubert
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9GWnKXXuiU

Example 2: TRIUMPHAL MARCH

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AssDQbaIP_I
Example 2: TRIUMPHAL MARCH