Professional Documents
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PROJECT SUBMITTED
BY
HARSH JAIN
PGDM, FINANCE
ROLL-5130
SESSION: 2010-11
FINANCE
This is to certify that the dissertation titled “a study on different schemes with comparison &
evaluation among the mutual funds with reference to the KOTAK AMC COMPANY.”
Is a record of research work done during the year 2010-11, under my directions and that the
dissertation has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree or Diploma or
Associate ship , with the similar title, by any other university/Institute.
I Harsh Jain, hereby declare that this project titled “a study on different schemes with comparison
& evaluation among the mutual funds with reference to the KOTAK AMC COMPANY,
Hyderabad – An Analytical Study” is an original work carried out by me, under the guidance of
Prof. MADANA MOHAN, Associate Professor, Finance Department, VVISM.
The report submitted by me is a bonafide work carried by me of my own efforts and it has not
been submitted to any other University or published any time before.
This is to certify that Mr. Harsh Jain, PGDM, IV Semester, at Vishwa Vishwani Institute of
Systems & Management, Hyderabad, has prepared the dissertation titled “ a study on different
schemes with comparison & evaluation among the mutual funds with reference to KOTAK AMC
COMPANY” during the year 2010-11 under the guidance of Prof. MADANA MOHAN as a
partial fulfillment , for the award of Post Graduate Diploma in Management, by our Institute.
Hyderabad (Signature)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to all those with whom I have had the
opportunity to work and whose inputs & insights have helped me in furthering in my knowledge
and understanding of my subject.
I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to Mr. Praveen Reddy, sales manager- internet trading,
KOTAK AMC COMPANY, Hyderabad. His help was invaluable to me in understanding and
structuring my project.
My heartfelt thanks go out to my project guide Prof. Madana Mohan, Vishwa Vishwani Institute
of System and Management, Hyderabad, who was instrumental in designing the project deserve
more than just a few lines in acknowledgement and I am deeply indebted to him with regard to
the successful completion of the project. Without him guidance and encouragement it would not
have been possible for me to complete my project successfully.
I would like to thank academic director and director operations and faculty members of my
institute for providing me the opportunity to work in a professional environment.
(HARSH JAIN)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
KOTAK AMC COMPANY is one of the profitable leading stock broking companies and
succeeds over the competition in the market.
TABLENO. TITLE PAGE NO.
Equity Linked Saving Scheme (Dividend Option) 30-33
The study covers two major schemes, equity linked saving scheme and balanced schemes with
4.1.1 Calculation of Average Return for the month January 2010 30
both dividend and growth option. The period of the study is January 2010 to April 2010. The
4.1.2 Calculation of Average Return for the month February 2010 31
comparative study extends to two public sector companies LIC and SBI and two private sector
4.1.3 Calculation of Average Return for the month March 2010 32
companies RELIANCE and KOTAK.
4.1.4 Calculation of Average Return for the month April 2010 33
The main objective Equity
is to study the performance
Linked of equity
Saving Scheme linked
(Growth saving scheme of mutual
Option) fund
34-37
companies for the period
4.1.5 of January
Calculation 2010 toReturn
of Average April 2010.
for theAnd study
month the performance
January 2010 of balanced
34
schemes 4.1.6
of mutual fund companies for the period of January 2010 to April 2010.
Calculation of Average Return for the month February 2010 35
4.1.7
The study is mainlyCalculation
carried outofinAverage
order toReturn for the
appraise themonth March 2010
performance 36
of equity linked saving
4.1.8balanced
scheme and Calculation
schemes ofofAverage Return
LIC, SBI, for the month
RELIANCE ANDApril 2010 As there is a 37
KOTAK. lot of
competition biddingBalanced Schemeand
in this industry (Dividend Option)
many foreign 38-41 in
companies are launching their funds
4.1.9becomeCalculation
India, it has of Average
important that Return
companies for the month
differentiate January 2010
their products 38 the
in order to capture
domestic4.1.10 Calculation
market, hence a study of equity
Average Return
linked for the
saving monthand
scheme February 2010
balanced 39 the
schemes enable
4.1.11to choose
organization Calculation ofgive
the sectors Average Returnreturns.
maximum for the month March 2010 40
4.1.12 Calculation of Average Return for the month April 2010 41
Methodology is a systematic and objective process of identifying and formulating the problem by
Balanced Scheme (Growth Option) 42-45
setting objectives and methods for collecting, editing, calculating, evaluating and analyzing and
4.1.13 Calculation of Average Return for the month January 2010 42
interpreting and presenting data in order to find justified solutions. The current position is
4.1.14 Calculation of Average Return for the month February 2010 43
analyzed and new ideas are suggested to improve the current condition.
4.1.15 Calculation of Average Return for the month March 2010 44
4.1.16 Calculation of Average Return for the month April 2010 45
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
Equity Linked Savings Scheme (Dividend Option)
For The Period January 2010 – April 2010
4.2.1 Calculation of Average Return 45
4.2.2 Calculation of Sharpe Index Ratio 46
4.2.3 Calculation of Treynor Ratio 47
Equity Linked Savings Scheme (Growth Option)
For The Period January 2010 – April 2010
4.2.4 Calculation of Average Return 48
4.2.5 Calculation of Sharpe Index Ratio 49
A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common
financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as
shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the
capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units
owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it
offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a
relatively low cost. The flow chart below describes broadly the working of a Mutual Fund.
A Mutual Fund is a body corporate registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) that pools up the money from individual/corporate investors and invests the same on
behalf of the investors/unit holders, in Equity shares, Government securities, Bonds, Call Money
Markets etc, and distributes the profits. In the other words, a Mutual Fund allows investors to
indirectly take a position in a basket of assets. Mutual Fund is a mechanism for pooling the
resources by issuing units to the investors and investing funds in securities in accordance with
objectives as disclosed in offer document. Investments in securities are spread among a wide
cross-section of industries and sectors thus the risk is reduced. Diversification reduces the risk
because all stocks may not move in the same direction in the same proportion at same time.
Investors of mutual funds are known as unit holders.
The investors in proportion to their investments share the profits or losses. The mutual funds
normally come out with a number of schemes with different investment objectives which are
launched from time to time. A Mutual Fund is required to be registered with Securities Exchange
Board of India (SEBI) which regulates securities markets before it can collect funds from the
public.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
The project’s idea is to project Mutual Fund as a better avenue for investment on a long-term or
short-term basis. Mutual Fund is a productive package for a lay-investor with limited finances,
this project creates an awareness that the Mutual Fund is a worthy investment practice. Mutual
Fund is a globally proven instrument. Mutual Funds are ”Unit Trust” as it is called in some parts
of the world has a long and successful history, of late Mutual Funds have become a hot favorite
of millions of people all over the world.
The driving force of Mutual Funds is the ‘safety of the principal’ guaranteed, plus the added
advantage of capital appreciation together with the income earned in the form of interest or
dividend. The various schemes of Mutual Funds provide the investor with a wide range of
investment options according to his risk bearing capacities and interest besides; they also give
handy return to the investor. Mutual Funds offers an investor to invest even a small amount of
money, each Mutual Fund has a defined investment objective and strategy. Mutual Funds
schemes are managed by respective asset managed companies sponsored by financial institutions,
banks, private companies or international firms. A Mutual Fund is the ideal investment vehicle
for today’s complex and modern financial scenario.
The study is basically made to analyze the various open-ended equity schemes of different Asset
Management Companies to highlight the diversity of investment that Mutual Fund offer. Thus,
through the study one would understand how a common man could fruitfully convert a pittance
into great penny by wisely investing into the right scheme according to his risk taking abilities.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study here has been limited to analyze open-ended equity Growth schemes of different Asset
Management Companies namely Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund, Reliance Mutual Fund, LIC and
SBI Mutual Funds each scheme is analyzed according to its performance against the other, based
on factors like Sharpe’s Ratio, Treynor’s Ratio, b (Beta) Co-efficient, Returns.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Methodology involves randomly selecting Open-Ended equity schemes of different fund
houses of the country. The data collected for this project is basically from one source, that is:-
Secondary sources: Collection of data from Internet and Books.
And some formulas or factors which help to find out the performance of different schemes of
mutual funds and compare with the different company mutual funds.
1. The study is limited only to the analysis of different schemes and its suitability to different
investors according to their risk-taking ability.
2. The study is based on secondary data available from monthly fact sheets, websites and other
books, as primary data was not accessible.
3. The study is limited by the detailed study of various schemes of Four Asset Management
company.
COMPANY PROFILE
Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund (KMMF) is managed by Kotak Mahindra Asset Management
Company Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd. Kotak Mahindra Mutual
Fund launched its Schemes in December 1998 and today manages assets over and above Rs.
7353.82 cr. contributed by more than 1,99,818 investors in various schemes. KMMF has to its
credit the launching of innovative schemes and plans like Kotak Gilt and Free Life Insurance
with Kotak Bond Deposit Plan.
Kotak Mahindra is one of India's leading financial institutions, offering complete financial
solutions that encompass every sphere of life. From commercial banking, to stock broking, to
mutual funds, to life insurance, to investment banking, the group caters to the financial needs of
individuals and corporate.
The group has a net worth of around Rs.1,700 crore and employs over 4,000 employees in its
various businesses. With a presence in 74 cities in India and offices in New York, London, Dubai
and Mauritius, it services a customer base of over 5,00,000
Kotak Mahindra has international partnerships with Goldman Sachs (one of the world's largest
investment banks and brokerage firms), Ford Credit (one of the world's largest dedicated
automobile financiers) and Old Mutual (a large insurance, banking and asset management
conglomerate).
Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Company Limited (KMAMC), a wholly owned subsidiary
of KMBL, is the asset manager for Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund (KMMF).
KMAMC started operations in December 1998 and has over 1,99,818 investors in various
schemes. KMMF offers schemes catering to investors with varying risk - return profiles and was
the first fund house in the country to launch a dedicated gilt scheme investing only in government
securities.
The Kotak Mahindra Group was born in 1985 as Kotak Capital Management Finance Limited.
This company was promoted by Uday Kotak, Sidney A. A. Pinto and Kotak & Company.
Industrialists Harish Mahindra and Anand Mahindra took a stake in 1986, and that's when the
company changed its name to Kotak Mahindra Finance Limited.
Since then it's been a steady and confident journey to growth and success. Kotak Mahindra
Finance Limited starts the activity of Bill Discounting Kotak Mahindra Finance Limited enters
the Lease and Hire Purchase market.
The Auto Finance division is started the Investment Banking Division is started.
Enters the Funds Syndication sector
1995 Brokerage and Distribution businesses incorporated into a separate company - Kotak
Securities. Investment Banking division incorporated into a separate company - Kotak Mahindra
Capital Company.
1996 The Auto Finance Business is hived off into a separate company - Kotak Mahindra Primus
Limited. Kotak Mahindra takes a significant stake in Ford Credit Kotak Mahindra Limited, for
financing Ford vehicles. The launch of Matrix Information Services Limited marks the Group’s
entry into information distribution.
1998 Enters the mutual fund market with the launch of Kotak Mahindra Asset Management
Company.
Kotak Mahindra ties up with Old Mutual plc. For the Life Insurance business. Kotak Securities
launches kotakstreet.com - its on-line broking site. Formal commencement of private equity
activity through setting up of Kotak Mahindra Venture Capital Fund.
Our strength lies in understanding our clients' businesses backed by a strong research team and an
extensive distribution network, which spans a wide variety of investors across the country. We
are also the first Indian Investment Bank to be registered with the Securities & Futures Authority
in the UK (through our wholly owned subsidiary) and the National Association of Securities and
Dealers in the USA.
We are also the first Indian Investment Bank to be appointed by the Government of India as a
Co-lead Manager in their international divestment of Gas Authority of India Ltd through a GDR
offering. We are today well positioned in an increasing globalised environment to provide full
service to its clients based either in India or overseas.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
The Indian Brokerage Industry consists of companies that primarily act as agents for the buying
and selling of securities (e.g. stocks, shares, and similar financial instruments) on a commission
or transaction fee basis. Hence, to understand this industry we have to study
Security Market:
Security market has two main interdependent segments: Primary market and the Secondary
market.
PRIMARY MARKET:
The primary is that part of the capital markets that deals with the issuance of new securities.
Companies, governments or public sector institutions can obtain funding through the sale of a
new stock or bond issue. This is typically done through a syndicate of securities dealers. The
process of selling new issues to investors is called underwriting. In the case of a new stock issue,
this sale is an initial public offering (IPO). Dealers earn a commission that is built into the price
of the security offering, though it can be found in the prospectus. In primary market certain
companies issue their shares directly to the public, collect applications and after sorting out the
good issues, they put in their applications. The share brokers get their brokerage on the
transactions made.
SECONDARY MARKET:
The secondary market is that market in which trading is done of securities that have already been
issued in an initial private or public offering. The secondary market comprises of brokerage that a
broker earns in the buying and selling of companies that are listed in the stock exchange. These
stock broker are in charge of the conformation and carrying out of transactions. Orders are taken
and executed on behalf of the clients. The fluctuation of rates in the share market makes the
activity in a trade market a dynamic process. It is necessary for a broker to have adequate
knowledge about the economic and political factors as they affect the share market.
In actuality the brokerage industry continues to develop rapidly. Many of the traditional
restrictions against banking activities within the brokerage industry are being eliminated and the
barriers are disappearing. Due to this, some commercial banks have as subsidiaries, brokerage
houses that offer discounts and some of them have available accounts that offer all of the services
that are offered by a checking account. The basic function of a brokerage firm is to execute buy
and sell orders for clients. Traditionally these firms have offered the investigation of the quality
and the possibilities of investing in a variety of investment products. It is still accustomed for
brokerage firms to offer information about possible investments free of charge. This activity of
bringing free of charge stock investment reports is one of the main tools that are utilized by
brokerage houses to compete against other firms and to investors it continues to be an important
service. Despite the previously, not all investors consider that investment reports is an important
service. Some investors prefer other types of services since many investors don‟t believe that
these investment reports are useful. In order to capture this vast diverse clientele, the brokerage
industry has segmented itself.
After the restrictions in commissions were eliminated, several brokerages began to open up their
doors as discount brokerage firms. In actuality, brokerage firms may be classified into full service
brokers and discount brokers. Full service brokerage firms continue to offer informative stock
reports and a level of service much higher than other brokerage houses. Discount brokerage
houses only dedicate themselves to execute orders for clients. Full service brokers are sellers
looking for purchasing and selling for clients and offering more customer service than is
available from discount brokers. It is many times possible that a client will not even know who is
taking care of the buy or sell order that they placed. These differences in services and
philosophies may lead to great differences in commission costs. It is evident that these
differences may be an important factor in the return of an investment. This is particularly true
when we see that these commissions are added to the purchase as well as to the sale of a stock or
other investments.
MAJOR STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA:
Background:
The BSE Sensitive Index (1978-79=100) has, to a considerable extent, been serving the purpose
of quantifying the price movements as also reflecting the sensitivity of the market in an effective
manner. The number of companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange has registered a
phenomenal increase from 992 in the year 1980 to about 4800 companies by the end of July 2005
and their combined market capitalization rose from Rs. 5,421 crores to around Rs. 18,
00,000crores at end of July 2005. These factors necessitated compilation of a new broad-based
index series reflecting the present market trends in a more effective manner and providing a
better representation of the increased equity stocks, market capitalization as also the newly
emerged industry groups.
Towards this end, the Exchange constructed and launched on 27th May 1994, two index series
viz. the BSE-200 and the DOLLEX.
Coverage: The equity shares of 200 selected companies from the specified and non-specified
lists of this Exchange have been considered for inclusion in the sample for `BSE-200'. The
selection of companies has primarily been done on the basis of current market capitalization of
the listed scripts on the exchange. Besides market capitalization, the market activity of the
companies as reflected by the volumes of turnover and certain fundamental factors were
considered for the final selection of the 200 companies.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Indian mutual fund industry is dominated by the Unit Trust of India (UTI) which has a total
corpus fund of Rs 700 billion collected from more than 20 million investors. The UTI has many
fund schemes in all categories like equity, balanced income etc with some being open ended and
some being closed ended. The unit scheme with 1964 commonly referred to as US 64, which is
balance fund, is the biggest scheme with a corpus of about Rs 200 billion. UTI was floated by
financial institutions and is governed by a special Act of parliament. Most of the investors believe
that the UTI is government owned and controlled which while legally incorrect and true for all
practical purposes. The second largest category of mutual fund is the one floated by nationalized
banks. Canbank asset management floated by Canara bank and SBI funds management floated by
State Bank of India is the largest of these. GIC AMC, the LIC are some of the prominent of
AMCs is about Rs 150 billion. The third largest category of mutual funds are the ones floated by
the private sector and by foreign asset management companies, the largest of these are prudential.
As we know that mutual fund is an instrument of investing money. Nowadays bank rates fallen
down and are generally below inflation rate. Therefore, keeping large amounts of money in bank
is not a wise option, as in real terms the value money decreases over a period of time. One of the
options is to invest the money in stock market. But a common investor is not informed and
competent enough to understand the intricacies of the stock market. This is where mutual funds
come to the rescue of an investor.
ABN AMRO Mutual Fund was set up on 15 April, 2004 with ABN AMRO Trustee (India)
Private Limited as the Trustee Company. The AMC, ABN AMRO Asset Management (India)
Limited was incorporated on 4 November, 2003. Deutsche Bank AG is the custodian of ABN
AMRO mutual fund.
Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund is a joint venture of Aditya Birla group and Sun Life Financial. Sun
Life Financial is a global organization evolved in 1871 and is being represented in Canada, the
United States, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia and Bermuda apart from India. Birla Sun Life
Mutual Fund follows a conservative long term approach to investment. Recently it crossed AUM
of Rs 10,000 crores.
Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund or BOB Mutual Fund was set up on 30 October, 1992 under the
sponsorship of Bank of Baroda. BOB Asset Management Company is the AMC of BOB Mutual
Fund and was incorporated on 5 November, 1992. Deutsche Bank AG is the custodian.
HSBC Mutual Fund was set up on 27 May, 2002 with HSBC Securities and Capital Markets
(India) Private Limited as the sponsored. Board of Trustees, HSBC Mutual Fund acts as the
Trustee Company of HSBC Mutual Fund.
ING Vysya Mutual Fund was set up on 11 February, 1999 with the same named Trustee
Company. It is a joint venture of Vysya and ING. The AMC, ING Investment Management
(India) Private Limited was incorporated on 6April, 1998.
Sahara Mutual Fund was set up on 18 July, 1996 with Sahara India Financial Corporation
Limited as the sponsor. Sahara Asset Management Company Private Limited incorporated on
31August, 1995 works as the AMC of Sahara Mutual Fund. The Paid up capital of the AMC
stands at Rs 25.8 crore.
State Bank of India Mutual Fund is the first bank sponsored mutual fund to launch offshore fund,
the India Magnum Fund with a corpus of Rs 225 crore approximately is the largest bank
sponsored mutual fund in India. They have already launched 35 schemes out of which 15 have
already yielded handsome returns to investors. State Bank of India Mutual Fund has more than
Rs 5,500 crore as AUM. Now it has an investor base of over eight hundred thousand spread over
18 schemes.
Tata Mutual Fund
Tata Mutual Fund (TMF) is a trust under the Indian Trust Act 1882. The sponsors for Tata
Mutual Fund are the Tata Sons Limited., and Tata Investment Corporation Limited. The
investment manager is Tata Asset Management Limited and its Tata Trustee Company Private
Limited. Tata Asset Management Limited is one of the fastest growing companies in the country
with more than Rs 7,703 crore as of 30April, 2005.
Standard Charted Mutual Fund was set up on 13 March 2000 sponsored by Standard Charted
Bank. The trustee is Standard Chartered Trustee Company Private Limited. Standard Chartered
Asset Management Company Private Limited is the AMC which was incorporated with SEBI on
20 December, 1999.
Franklin Templeton India Mutual Fund is a California (USA) based company with a global AUM
of over USD 409.2 billion. It is one of the largest financial services groups in the world. Investors
can buy or sell the mutual fund through their financial advisor or through mail or through their
website. They have open end diversified equity schemes, open end sector equity schemes, open
end hybrid schemes, open end tax saving schemes, open end income and liquid schemes, closed
end income schemes and open end fund of fund schemes to offer.
Morgan Stanley Mutual Fund India is a worldwide financial service and is the leading in the
market in securities, investment management and credit services. Morgan Stanley Investment
Management (MSIM) was established in the year 1975. It provides customized asset management
services and products to governments, corporations, pension funds and non profits organizations.
Its services are also extended to high net worth individuals and retail investors. In India it is
known as Morgan Stanley Investment Management Private Limited (MSIM India) and its AMC
is Morgan Stanley Mutual Fund (MSMF). This is the first close end diversified equity scheme
serving the needs of Indian retail investors focusing on a long term capital appreciation.
Escorts Mutual Fund was set on 15 April, 1996 with Escorts Finance Limited as its sponsor. The
trustee company is Escorts Investment Trust Limited. Its AMC was incorporated on 1 December,
1995 with the name Escorts Asset Management Limited.
Benchmark Mutual Fund was set up on 12 June, 2001 with Niche Financial services Private
Limited as the sponsorer and Benchmark Trustee Company Private Limited as the Trustee
Company, incorporated on 16 October, 2000 and Headquarters at Mumbai. Benchmark Asset
Management Company Private Limited is the AMC.
Canbank Mutual Fund was set up on 19 December, 1987 with Canara Bank acting as the
sponsorer.Canbank Investment Management Services Limited incorporated on 2 March, 1993 is
its AMC. The corporate office of the AMC is in Mumbai.
Chola Mutual Fund came into existence under the sponsorship of Cholamandalam Investment
&Finance Company Limited, was set up on 3 January 1997. Cholamandalam AMC Limited is the
Trustee Company and AMC is Cholamandalam AMC Limited
GIC Mutual Fund GIC Mutual Fund, sponsored by General Insurance Corporation of India
(GIC), a government of India undertaking and the four public sector insurance companies, viz,
National Insurance Company Limited(NIC), The New India Assurance Company(NIA), Oriental
Insurance Company(OIC) and United India Insurance Company Limited(UII). These are
constituted as a Trust in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882. On the
basis of their structure and objective mutual funds can be classified into following major types:
viz based on the structure, and based on the investment objective
An open end fund is one that is available for subscription all through the year these do not have a
fixed maturity period. Investor can conveniently buy and sell units at net asset value (NAV)
related prices. The key feature of open end schemes is their liquidity.
A close ended fund has a stipulated maturity period which generally ranging from 3-15 years.
The fund is open for subscription only during a specified period. Investors can invest in the
scheme at the time of the initial public issue and there are listed in order to provide an exit route
to the investors; some close ended funds give an option of selling back the units to the mutual
fund through periodic repurchase at NAV related prices. SEBI regulations stipulate that at least
one of the exit routes is provided to the investors.
Interval funds:
Interval funds combine the features of open ended and close ended schemes. They are open for
sale or redemption during the pre determined intervals at NAV related prices.
Growth funds:
The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long term. Such
schemes normally invested mainly in their corpus equities. It has been proven that return from
stocks, have outperformed most other kind of investments held over the long term. Growth
schemes are ideal for investors having a long term outlook seeking growth over a period of time.
Income funds:
The aim of income fund is to provide regular and steady income on securities such as bonds,
corporate and government securities. Income funds are ideal for capital stability and regular
income.
The aim of money market funds is to provide liquidity preservation of capital and moderate
income. These schemes generally invest in safer short term instruments such as treasury bills,
certificates of deposit, commercial paper and inter bank call money. Returns on these schemes
may fluctuate depending upon the interest rates prevailing in the market. These are ideal for
corporate and individual investors as a means to park their surplus for short period.
Load funds:
The load fund is one that charges commission for entry of exit. That is, each time you buy or sell
units is in the fund, a commission will be payable. Typically entry and exit loads range from 1
percent to 2 percent. It could be worth paying the load, if the fund has a good performing history.
Equity fund:
Mutual fund invested only in equity shares of a company and undertakes risk associated with
equity shares.
Hedge funds:
Mutual fund which employ their funds by speculative trading, that are buying shares whose
prices are likely to rise and selling shares whose prices are likely to dip or fall.
OTHER SCHEMES
The schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under specific provisions of the Indian income tax
laws as the government offers tax incentives for investment in specified avenues. Investments
made in equity liked savings schemes (ELSS) and pension schemes are allowed as deduction
under section 88 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Act also provides opportunities to investors to
save capital gains under section 54EA and 54EB by investing in mutual funds provided the
capital asset has been sold prior to April 1, 2000 and the amount is invested before September 30,
2000.
SPECIAL SCHEMES
Index schemes :
Index funds attempt to replicate the performance of a particular index such as BSE, Sensex to the
NSE50.
Sectoral schemes:
Sectoral funds are those, which invest exclusively in a specified of group of industries of various
segments such as “A” group shares of initial public offerings
Life Insurance Corporation of India set up LIC Mutual Fund on 19th June 1989 and contributed
Rs. 2 Crores towards the corpus of the Fund. LIC Mutual Fund was constituted as a Trust in
accordance with the provisions of the Indian Trust Act, 1882. The Trustees of the LIC Mutual
Fund have exclusive ownership of Trust Fund and are invested with general power of
superintendence, discretion and management of the affairs of the Trust. LIC Mutual Fund Asset
Management Company Ltd. was formed on 20th April 1994 in compliance with the Securities
and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1993. The Company commenced
business on 29th April 1994. The Trustees of LIC Mutual Fund have appointed LIC Mutual Fund
Asset Management Company Ltd. as the Investment Managers for LIC Mutual Fund. The
Trustees are responsible for appointing a Custodian. The Trustees should also ensure that the
activities of the Trust and the Asset Management Company are in accordance with the Trust
Deed and the SEBI Mutual Fund Regulations as amended from time to time. The Trustees have
also to report periodically to SEBI on the functioning of the Fund.
SBI Mutual Fund is India’s largest bank sponsored mutual fund and has an enviable track record
in judicious investments and consistent wealth creation. The fund traces its lineage to SBI –
India’s largest banking enterprise. The institution has grown immensely since its inception and
today it is India's largest bank, patronized by over 80% of the top corporate houses of the
country.
SBI Mutual Fund is a joint venture between the State Bank of India and Society General Asset
Management, one of the world’s leading fund management companies that manages over US$
500 Billion worldwide.
In twenty years of operation, the fund has launched 38 schemes and successfully redeemed
fifteen of them. In the process it has rewarded its investors handsomely with consistent returns.
A total of over 5.8 million investors have reposed their faith in the wealth generation expertise of
the Mutual Fund. Schemes of the Mutual fund have consistently outperformed benchmark indices
and have emerged as the preferred investment for millions of investors and HNI‟s.
Today, the fund manages over Rs. 38,782 crore of assets and has a diverse profile of investors
actively parking their investments across 38 active schemes.
The fund serves this vast family of investors by reaching out to them through network of over
130 points of acceptance, 28 investor service centers, 46 investor service desks and 56 district
organizers. SBI Mutual is the first bank-sponsored fund to launch an offshore fund – Resurgent
India Opportunities Fund. Growth through innovation and stable investment policies is the SBI
MF credo.
Data are the facts and numerical figures of certain information expressed in the tabular form. On
the other hand interpretations explanations about the facts and figures expressed in terms of
words and sentences.
In this model, performance of a fund is evaluated on the basis of Sharpe ratio, which is a measure
developed to calculate risk adjusted returns. The Sharpe ratio is the difference between the
annualized return ( Rp ) and the risk free return ( Rf ) divided by the Standard Deviation ( SD ),
during the specified period.
While a high and positive Sharpe ratio shows a superior risk adjusted performance of a fund, a
low and negative Sharpe ratio is an indicator of unfavorable performance.
TREYNOR MEASURE
Developed by Jack Treynor, this performance measure evaluates funds on the basis of Treynors
index. This index is a ratio of returns generated by the fund over and above risk free rate of return
government, as there is no credit risk, during a given period and systematic risk associated with it
, symbolically, it can be represented by as
Treynor‟s index = Rp – Rf
β
Where Rp represents return on fund, Rf is risk free rate of return and B is beta of the fund. All
risk – adverse investors would like to maximize the value. While a high and positive Treynors
index shows a superior risk adjusted performance of a fund, a low and negative Treynor‟s index
is an indication of unfavorable performance.
TABLE: NO: 1
TABLE: NO: 11
CALCULATION OF AVERAGE RETURN FOR THE MONTH MARCH, 2010
From this analysis, SBI Magnum Equity Scheme Performance is best out of the three Schemes of
Mutual Fund companies in case of Dividend Option, ranks first with the highest in all four
months and with the highest average return of 1.920391.
INTERPRETATION
From this analysis, SBI Magnum Equity Scheme Performance is better than the other Mutual
Fund companies in case of dividend option. SBI Magnum Equity Fund ranks first with the
highest Sharpe Index ratio of 0.651913, with the highest average return of 1.920391 and with the
highest Standard Deviation of 2.880586 followed by RELIANCE, with the Sharpe Index Ratio of
0.616379, KOTAK with the Sharpe Index Ratio of 0.588934 and LIC with the Sharpe Index
Ratio -2.17527. This shows that Higher the risk higher the return.
INTERPRETATION:
From the above analysis, SBI Magnum Equity Scheme Performance is better than other Mutual
Fund Companies in case Dividend option. SBI ranks first with highest Treynor ratio of 1.93597
followed by RELIANCE, with the Treynor Ratio of 0.826313, KOTAK with the Treynor Ratio of
0.488798 and LIC with the Treynor Ratio of -0.10299. This highest Treynor Ratio indicates the
superior risk – adjusted performance of the fund.
TABLE NO: 18
From this analysis, SBI Magnum Equity Scheme Performance is better than the other Mutual
Fund companies in case of growth option. SBI Magnum Equity Fund ranks first with the highest
Sharpe Index ratio of 0.656798, with the average return of 2.87093 and with the highest Standard
Deviation of 4.306394, followed by KOTAK, with the Sharpe Index Ratio of 0.650553,
RELIANCE with the Sharpe Index Ratio of 0.649952 and LIC with the Sharpe Index Ratio of
0.634689. Higher the magnitude of the Sharpe ratio, higher is the performance rating of the
scheme and higher the Standard deviation, higher the element of risk in a scheme. This shows
that Higher the risk higher the return.
From the above analysis SBI Magnum Equity Scheme performance is better than other Mutual
Fund Companies in case of Growth Option. SBI ranks first with the highest Treynor ratio of
2.915907 and with the highest beta of 0.97 followed by, RELIANCE with the Treynor Ratio of
2.621455, KOTAK with the treynor ratio 2.604733 and LIC with the treynor ratio of 1.417715.
This highest treynor ratio is an indicator of favorable performance.
TABLE NO: 19
From the above analysis, SBI Magnum Balanced Scheme performance is better than other
Mutual Fund Companies in case of Dividend Option. SBI ranks first with the highest Treynor
ratio of 1.332718 followed by, RELIANCE with the Treynor Ratio of 0.523247, LIC with the
Treynor Ratio of 0.06819 and KOTAK with the Treynor Ratio of 0. This highest Treynor ratio is
an indicator of highest performance of the fund.
TABLE NO: 20
From the above analysis, LIC Balanced scheme performance is better than other Mutual Fund
Companies in case of Growth option. LIC ranks first with the highest Treynor ratio of 4.964935
followed by, SBI with the Treynor Ratio of 3.273404, RELIANCE with the Treynor Ratio of
1.166193 and KOTAK with the Treynor Ratio of 0. This highest Treynor Ratio is an indicator of
superior risk adjusted performance of the fund.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
In this project Tax Plans and Balanced Schemes are evaluated to know the state of affairs as it
existed during January, 2010 to April, 2010. This helps to know the performance of the schemes.
1. Average Returns: SBI Equity Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest average
Return of 1.920391
2. Sharpe Ratio: SBI Equity Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest Sharpe
Index Ratio of 0.651913 and with the highest Standard Deviation of 2.880586 followed by
RELIANCE, KOTAK and LIC. This shows that higher the risk higher the return.
3. Treynor Ratio: SBI Equity Scheme performance is again ranked as first with the highest
Treynor Ratio of 1.93597, followed by RELIANCE, KOTAK and LIC.
The public sector mutual fund company’s performance is better than the private sector mutual
fund companies in case of Average Returns and also in case of both Sharpe Ratio and Treynor
Ratio
1. Average Returns: SBI Equity Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest
Average Return of 2.87093
2. Sharpe Ratio: SBI Equity Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest Sharpe
Index Ratio of 0.656798 and with the highest Standard Deviation of 4.306394, followed by
KOTAK, RELIANCE and LIC. This shows that higher the risk higher the return.
3. Treynor Ratio: SBI Equity Scheme performance is again ranked as first in case of Treynor
ratio with the highest Treynor Ratio of 2.915907, followed by RELIANCE, KOTAK and LIC.
PUBLIC SECTOR VS. PRIVATE SECTOR
The public sector mutual fund companies‟ performance is better than the private sector mutual
fund companies in case of Average Returns and also in case of both Sharpe Ratio and Treynor
Ratio.
1. Average Returns: SBI Balanced Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest
Average Return of 1.561799
2. Sharpe Ratio: SBI Balanced Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest Sharpe
Index Ratio of 0.648525 and with the highest Standard Deviation of 2.342698, followed by
RELIANCE, KOTAK and LIC.
3. Treynor Ratio: SBI Balanced Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest Treynor
Ratio of 1.332718, followed by RELIANCE, KOTAK and JM. Higher the Treynor Ratio is an
indicator of favorable performance.
The public sector mutual fund companies‟ performance is better than the private sector mutual
fund companies in case of Average Returns and also in case of both Sharpe Ratio and Treynor
Ratio.
1. Average Returns: SBI Balanced Scheme performance is ranked as first with the
highestAverage Return of 3.77418
2. Sharpe Ratio: SBI Balanced Scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest Sharpe
Index Ratio of 0.65916, and with the highest Standard Deviation of 5.66127, followed by LIC,
Prudential RELIANCE and KOTAK. This shows that higher the risk, higher the return.
3. Treynor Ratio: LIC Balanced scheme performance is ranked as first with the highest Treynor
Ratio of 4.964935, followed by SBI, RELIANCE and KOTAK.
The public sector mutual fund Companies outperforms the private sector mutual fund companies
in case of Average Returns and also in case of both Sharpe Ratio and Treynor Ratio.
As the investment on financial assets is comparatively low in India when compared to the
foreign investors, it is suggested that the Kotak Mahindra AMC Company, has to bring
innovative new products keeping in view of the investor’s expectations as the recession and the
doubled deep recession is expected all over the globe, with a view to encourage the new invetors.
The Company should come forward to introduce more schemes at the right time for the benefit
of the fund house, investors, brokers, and the distributors.
In general the private sector mutual fund companies outperforms the public sector mutual fund
companies, if the Kotak Mahindra AMC Company understands their Competitors and the market
they will have a hedge over their competitors in the future.
A typical individual is not likely to have the knowledge, skills, inclination and time to keep
track of and understand the causes and implication of the price changes and trends. So, the Asset
management company’s should come forward to educate individuals about the benefits of mutual
funds.
CONCLUSION
Mutual Funds are the ideal investment vehicle for today’s complex and modern financial
scenario. The last few years have been very exciting for the mutual funds Industry in India. New
players have come in, while others have decided to close shop by either selling off or merging
with others. Product innovation is now passé with the game shifting to performance delivery in
fund management as well as service.
The public sector mutual fund company’s performance is better than the private sector mutual
fund companies in case of Equity Linked Savings Scheme. The public sector mutual fund
Companies outperforms the private sector mutual fund companies of two ratios viz., Sharpe Ratio
and Treynor Ratio in case Balanced Scheme. We can arrive at the conclusion that indeed existing
funds have surpassed newer ones by a mile and we would be much better off sticking to existing
funds with excellent track records than running after fancy terms, names & themes.
GLOSSARY
ADVISOR: The organization employed by a mutual fund to give professional advice on the
fund’s investments and to supervise the management of its assets.
ASKED OR OFFERING PRICE: The price at which a mutual fund shares can be purchased.
The asked or offering price means the current net asset value per share plus sales charge, if any.
For a no load fund, the asked price is the same as NAV.
ASSET ALLOCATION FUND: A fund that spreads its portfolio among a wide variety of
investments including domestic and foreign stocks and bonds, government securities gold bullion
and real estate stocks. This gives small investors far more diversification than they could get
allocating money on their own. Some of these funds keep the proportions allocated between
different sectors relatively constant, while others alter the mix as market conditions change.
BALANCED FUND: A mutual fund that maintains a balanced portfolio generally 60% bonds or
preferred stocks and 40% common stocks.
BID OR SELL PRICE: The price at which a mutual fund’s shares are redeemed (bought back)
by the fund. The bid or redemption price means the current net asset value per share, less any
redemption fee or back-end load.
BOND FUND: A mutual fund whose portfolio consists primarily of corporate or government
bonds. These funds generally emphasize income rather than growth.
BOND RATING: System of evaluating the probability of weather a bond issuer will default.
Various firms analyze the financial stability of both corporate and government issuers. Ratings
range from AAA to D (currently default). Bonds rated BBB or below are not considered to be of
investment grade. Mutual funds generally restrict their bond purchases to certain ratings.
CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND : A mutual fund that seeks maximum appreciation through
the use of investment technique involving greater than ordinary risk, such as borrowing money in
order to provide leverage, short selling and high portfolio turnover.
CAPITAL GAINS DISTRIBUTIONS: Payments to mutual fund share holders of gains realized
on the sale of portfolio securities.
CAPITAL GROWTH: A rise in market value of mutual funds securities, reflected in its NAV
per share. This is a specific long term objective of many mutual funds.
COMMERCIAL PAPER: Short term unsecured promissory notes with maturities no longer
than 270 days. They are issued by corporations to fund short term credit needs.
COMMON STOCK FUND: An open and investment company whose holdings consists mainly
of common stocks and usually emphasizes growth.
CONFIRM DATE: The date the fund processed your transaction, typically the same day or the
day after you trade.
CUSTODIAN: The bank or trust company that maintains mutual funds assets including its
portfolio of securities or some record of them provide safe keeping of securities but has no role in
portfolio management
DAILY DIVIDEND FUND: This term applies to funds that declare their income dividends on
a daily basis and reinvest or distribute monthly.
EX-DIVIDEND DATE: The date on which a fund’s Net Asset value (NAV) will fall by an
amount equal to the dividend and/or capital gains distribution. Most publications which list
closing NAV’s place an “X” after a fund name on its ex-dividend date.
EXPENSE RATIO: The ratio of total expenses to net assets of the fund. Expenses include
management’s fees, the cost of shareholder mailings and other administrative expenses. The ratio
is listed in a fund’s prospectus. Expense ratios may be a function of a fund’s size rather than of its
success in controlling expenses.
GROWTH FUND: A mutual fund whose primary investment objective is long term growth of
capital. It invests principally in common stocks with significant growth potential.
INCOME DIVIDEND: Payment of interest and dividends earned on funds portfolio securities
after operating expenses are deducted.
INCOME FUND: A mutual fund that primarily seek current income rather than growth of
capitals. It will tend to incest in stocks and bonds that normally pay high dividends and interest.
INDEX FUND: A mutual fund that seeks to mirror general sock market performance by
matching its portfolio to a broad based index, most often S&P CNX nifty index.
INTERNATIONAL FUND: A fund that invests in securities traded in markets outside India.
INVESTMENT COMPANY: A corporation, partnership, or trust that invest with pooled money
of many investments. It provides greater professional management and diversification of
investment than most investors can obtain independently.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE: The financial goal that a investor or a mutual fund pursues.
JUNK BOND: A speculative bond rated BB or below, “Junk Bonds” are generally issued by
corporations of questionable financial strength or with out proven track records.
LOAD: A sales charge or commission assessed by various Mutual Funds to cover their selling
costs.
LOAD FUND: A Mutual fund that levies a sales charge up to 6% which is included in the
offering price of its shares, and is sold by broker or salesmen.
LOW LOAD FUND: A Mutual fund that charges a small sales commission, usually 3.5% or
less, for the purchase of its shares.
MANAGEMENT FEE: The amount the Mutual Fund pays to its investment advisor for services
rendered, including management of the fund’s portfolio. In general it ranges from 5% to 1% of
the funds asset value.
MONEY MARKET FUND: A mutual Fund that aims to pay money market interest rates.
This is accomplished by investing in safe, high liquid securities, including bank certificates of
deposit, commercial papers, govt. securities and repurchase agreements.
MUTUAL FUND: An open end investment company that buys back or redeems its shares at
current NAV.
NAV PER SHARE: The current market worth of a mutual Fund share. Calculated daily by
taking the funds total assets securities, cash, and any accrued earnings deducting liabilities and
diving the No. the shares holding.
NO-LOAD FUND: A commission free mutual Fund that sells its shares at net asset value, either
directly to the public or through affiliated distributor without addition of sales charge.
PAYABLE DATE: The date on which distributions are paid to share holders who do not want to
reinvestment. The date can be anywhere from one week to one month after the record date.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE: The rate at which the funds portfolio securities are charged
each year. If a funds assets total Rs.100MN and the fund brought and sold Rs.100Mn worth of
securities that year, its portfolio turnover rate would be 100%.
PROSPECTUS: An official document that each investment company must publish, describing
the mutual fund and offering to it shares for sale.
UNDERWRITER: The org. that acts as the distributor of a mutual funds shares to dealers and
public.
SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PLANS: In SIP, instead of large amount, investor invest a pre
specified amount in a scheme at pre specified intervals at the then prevailing NAV.
BIBLOGRAPHY
REFERENCES: BOOKS
1. Dr. Bhalla “Portfolio analysis and Management” V. K. Published by S. Chand Company ltd.,
in the year 2002 and edited in the year 2004
2. Levy, Heim and Sarnat Marshall “Portfolio and Investment Selection” Published by Prentice
Hall, in the year 1984 and edited in the year 1995
3. Mittal R. K “Portfolio and Risk Management” Published by Rajath Publications, Delhi in the
year 1999 and edited in the year 2002
4. Dr. Rajeshwar “UTI: A Saga of crisis and bail outs” by Published by ICFAI Press, in the year
2001 and Edited in the year 2003.
5. Mr. Sahadevan. K. G. and Thiripal raju “Mutual Funds : Data Interpretation and analysis”
Published by Prentice Hall of India in the year 1997 and Edited in the year 2002
6. James Van C. Horne, Financial Management and Policy, Tenth Edition, Prentice Hall of India
Private Limited.
7. Dr. S. N. Maheshwari, Financial Management - Principles and Practice, Ninth Edition, Sultan
Chand & Sons Educational Publishers.
8. Investment Management Security Analysis and Portfolio Management-Preeti Singh,14th
revised Edition- Himalaya Publishing House.
9. Hindu Newspaper (daily), Economic Times of India (daily), Financial Express(daily)
10. Business world(weekly)
11. Published Articles on “Mutual Funds”
12. Websites
www.google.com
www.amfiindia.com
www.cams.com
www.mutualfundsindia.com
www.kotakmutuals.com
www.sbimf.com
www.licmutual.com
www.reliancemutual.co.in