(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+3)2 (𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+3)2

a. − =1 c. − =1
9 4 9 4
(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−2)2 (𝑥−3)2
b. − =1 d. − =1
9 4 9 4

𝑥2 𝑦2
14. If the standard form of the equation of an ellipse is + = 1, find its general form.
16 9
a. 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 + 144 = 0 c. 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 − 144 = 0
b. 16𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 144 = 0 d. 16𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 + 144 = 0
15. Find the vertex of the parabola whose equation is (y + 1)² = -8(x – 1).
a. (1, -1) c. (-1, 1)
b. (1, 1) d. (-1, -1)
16. What is the general form of the equation of a circle whose standard form of the equation is
(x – 1)² + (y – 3)² = 25?
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 15 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 15 = 0
b. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 15 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 15 = 0
17. Find the equation of an ellipse whose center is at the point (0, 4) and the length of the major
and minor axes are 7 and 4, respectively.
𝑥2 (𝑦−4)2 𝑥2 (𝑦−4)2
a. + =1 c. + =1
49 16 16 49
𝑥2 (𝑦+4)2 𝑥2 (𝑦+4)2
b. + =1 d. + =1
16 49 49 16

18. If the sum of the squares of two numbers is 185 and the difference of their squares is 57, find
the two numbers.
a. 121 and 64 c. 11 and 8
b. 144 and 49 d. 12 and 7
19. An isosceles right triangle has a hypotenuse of 26 cm. Find its area.
a. 338 cm² c. 676 cm²
b. 169 cm² d. 26 cm²
20. Find the radii of two circles if the sum of their areas is 405π cm² and the difference of their
areas is 243π cm²
a. 18 cm and 9 cm c. 324 cm and 81 cm
b. 289 cm and 100 cm d. 17 cm and 10 cm

IV. LEARNING GOALS AND TARGETS

After using this module, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of
conic sections and systems of nonlinear equations and shall be able to model situations appropriately and
solve problems accurately.

6|P age
 Lesson 1 Circle

The circle is the most common among the four conic sections. One common real-life application
of a circle is the wheel. It is the most appropriate shape to use for the wheel because of its round shape.
It allows the wheel to move and roll easily. What do you think will happen if the wheel is not round, for
example a square?

Definition of a Circle

A circle is the set of all points equidistant from a fixed point called the center. The distance
from the center of the circle to any point on the circle is called the radius, denoted by r.

radius

center

From the definition, every point that forms a circle has equal distance from its center.

Example: Consider the figure below.

A
B
C

The figure represents a circle with center C. If the radius of the circle is 5 units, therefore
the distance from the center C to points A, B, and D is also 5 units.

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 1.1 Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

The standard form of the equation of a circle can be derived through the use of the distance
formula, which is:
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Using the distance formula and the circle below, let’s find the standard form of the equation of a
circle.

P₂ (x, y)
r
P₁ (h, k)

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2  Distance Formula.

𝑟 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2  The distance from P₁ to P₂ is the radius of the

circle therefore, d will become r.

𝑟 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2  Substitute the values of P₁ and P₂ to the

formula.
 The values of x₁ and y₁ are the
coordinates of P₁ which is h and k,
respectively.
 The values of x₂ and y₂ are the
coordinates of P₂ which is x and y,
respectively.
2  Square both sides of the equation.
(𝑟)2 = [√(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 ]

𝑟 2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2  This is the Standard Form of the Equation of

a Circle.
or
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

8|P age
Example 1: Find the standard form of the equation of the circle whose center is at (2, 1) and whose
radius is 2. Draw the circle.

Solution:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2  Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = (2)2  Let C (h, k) = (2, 1) therefore, h = 2 and k = 1, and r = 2.

Substitute these values to the equation and evaluate the
radius.

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 4  This is the standard form of the equation of the circle
with center at (2, 1) and whose radius is 2.

 Draw a Cartesian Coordinate Plane. Using your compass,

6 locate the center, measure the radius, and draw the circle.
5
4
3
2
1
r=2
C (2, 1)
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3

Example 2: Find the standard form of the equation of the circle with center at the origin and has a
diameter of 6. Draw the circle.

Solution:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2  Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = (3)2  The center is at the origin therefore, C (h, k) = (0, 0) then,
h = 0 and k = 0.
 Remember that the radius is half of the diameter then:
r = ½d
r = ½(6)
r=3
 Substitute these values to the equation and evaluate the
radius.

9|P age
 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 9  This is the Standard form of the equation of the circle
with center at the origin and whose diameter is 6.

 Draw a Cartesian Coordinate Plane. Using your compass,

locate the center, measure the radius, and draw the circle.
6
5
4
3
2
1
C (0, 0)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Example 3: Based on the figure below, find the standard form of the equation of the circle whose
center is at (-3, 1) and passes through the point (-6, 5).

6
(-6, 5) 5
4
3
2
(-3, 1) 1

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Solution:

𝑟 2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2  Notice that the radius of the circle is the length of the line
segment from the center (-3, 1) to the point (-6, 5)
 Use the standard form of the equation of the circle to find
the length of the radius.

𝑟2 = (−6 − (−3))2 + (5 − 1)2  Let C (h, k) = (-3, 1) therefore, h = -3 and k = 1.

𝑟2 = (−6 + 3)2 + (4)2  Let P (x, y) = (-6, 5) therefore, x = -6 and y = 5
𝑟2 = (−3)2 + 16  Substitute these values to the equation and solve for r.
𝑟2 = 9 + 16
𝑟2 = 25
√𝑟 2 = √25
𝑟=5

10 | P a g e
 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
2
(𝑥 − (−3)) + (𝑦 − 1)2 = (5)2
 Use the standard form of the equation of a circle.
 Let C (h, k) = (-3, 1) therefore, h = -3 and k = 1, and r = 5.
 Substitute these values to the equation and evaluate the
radius.

(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 25  This is the standard form of the equation of the circle
whose center is at the point (-3, 1) and passes through the
point (-6, 5)

Activity 1 Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

Solve the following problems.

1. Find the standard form of the equation of a circle whose center is at (-4, -3) and whose radius is
4. Draw the circle.

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1
-1

-2

-3
-4

-5

-6

-7

2. Find the standard form of the equation of a circle whose center is at (2, 4) and passes through the
origin. Draw the circle.

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2

11 | P a g e
 1.2 General Form of the Equation of a Circle

The standard form of the equation of a circle where the center is at C(h, k) and radius r is:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

The standard form is convenient because it shows the center and radius of the circle that’s why it
is also called the center-radius form. However, another form, called the general form, is often the form
in which the equation is given. We often change an equation from general to standard form in order to
identify the center and radius of the circle. Thus, the general form of the equation of a circle is:

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0

Example 1: Find the center and the radius of a circle whose general form of the equation is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 = 0. Draw the circle

Solution:

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 = 0  General Form of the Equation of the given circle

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 − 1 = 0 − 1  Subtraction Property of Equality. Subtracting 1 to

both sides of the equation
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 = −1  Rearrange the terms which have the same
variable
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + __ ) + (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + __ ) = −1  Make (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + __ ) and (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + __ )
perfect square trinomial by completing their
squares.
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1) + (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4) = −1 + 1 + 4  To complete their squares, find the values of b
and c. Remember that the general form of a
quadratic equation is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
 For (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + __ ), b = -2 and c is unknown. c
is the value that we will add to make the trinomial
a perfect square.
 To find the value of c, divide the value of b by
2 and square the quotient.
𝑏 2
𝑐=( )
2
−2 2
𝑐=( )
2
𝑐 = (−1)2
𝑐=1

12 | P a g e
  Add the value of c to (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + __ ) to make it
a perfect square trinomial therefore, it will now
become (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 ).
 For (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + __ ), b = -4 and c is unknown. c
is the value that we will add to make the trinomial
a perfect square.
 To find the value of c, divide the value of b by
2 and square the quotient.
𝑏 2
𝑐=( )
2
−4 2
𝑐=( )
2
𝑐 = (−2)2
𝑐=4
 Add the value of c to (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + __ ) to make it
a perfect square trinomial therefore, it will now
become (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 ).
 What you add to the left side of the equation must
also be added to the right side of the equation
that’s why the right side of the equation have
become -1 + 1 + 4.
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 4  Simplify the equation by factoring the perfect
square trinomial.
 Change 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 into the form (𝑥 + 𝑚)2 .
 To factor the square trinomial, find the
missing value. We can find the value of m by
dividing the value of b by 2.
𝑏
𝑚=
2
−2
𝑚=
2
𝑚 = −1
 Substitute the value of m into the form
(𝑥 + 𝑚)2 . Therefore, the factor of
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 is (𝑥 − 1)2 .
 Change 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 into the form (𝑦 + 𝑚)2 .
 To factor the square trinomial, find the
missing value. We can find the value of m by
dividing the value of b by 2.
𝑏
𝑚=
2
−4
𝑚=
2
𝑚 = −2
 Substitute the value of m into the form
(𝑦 + 𝑚)2. Therefore, the factor of
𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 is (𝑦 − 2)2 .

13 | P a g e
 (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 4  This is the standard form of the equation
of a circle whose general form is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 = 0
 To find the center of the circle, equate the factors
of the square trinomial to zero.
 For the value of h,
(𝑥 − 1)2 = 0
√(𝑥 − 1)2 = √0
𝑥−1 =0
𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 ℎ = 1
 For the value of k,
(𝑦 − 2)2 = 0
√(𝑦 − 2)2 = √0
𝑦−2 =0
𝑦 = 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 2
 Therefore, the center is (1, 2).
 To find the radius, find the root of r². The value r²
is the number on the right side of the standard
form of the equation which is 4
𝑟2 = 4
√𝑟 2 = √4
𝑟=2
 The radius is 2 units.
 Draw a Cartesian Coordinate Plane. Using your
6 compass, locate the center, measure the radius,
5 and draw the circle.
4
3
2 r=2

-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3

Example 2: Determine the standard form of the equation of a circle whose general form of the equation
is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0.

Solution:

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0  General Form of the Equation of the given circle

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 + 12 = 0 + 12  Addition Property of Equality. Adding 12 to both

sides of the equation

14 | P a g e
 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 = 12
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + __ ) + (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + __ ) = 12
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) + (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4) = 12 + 9 + 4
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 25
15 | P a g e
 Rearrange the terms which have the same
variable
 Make (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + __ ) and (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + __ )
perfect square trinomial by completing their
squares.
 To complete their squares, find the values of b
and c. Remember that the general form of a
quadratic equation is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
 For (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + __ ), b = 6 and c is unknown. c
is the value that we will add to make the trinomial
a perfect square.
 To find the value of c, divide the value of b by
2 and square the quotient.
𝑏 2
𝑐=( )
2
6 2
𝑐=( )
2
𝑐 = (3)2
𝑐=9
 Add the value of c to (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + __ ) to make it
a perfect square trinomial therefore, it will now
become (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 ).
 For (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + __ ), b = 4 and c is unknown. c
is the value that we will add to make the trinomial
a perfect square.
 To find the value of c, divide the value of b by
2 and square the quotient.
𝑏 2
𝑐=( )
2
4 2
𝑐=( )
2
𝑐 = (2)2
𝑐=4
 Add the value of c to (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + __ ) to make it
a perfect square trinomial therefore, it will now
become (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4 ).
 What you add to the left side of the equation must
also be added to the right side of the equation
that’s why the right side of the equation have
become 12 + 9 + 4.
 Simplify the equation by factoring the perfect
square trinomial.
 Change 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 into the form (𝑥 + 𝑚)2 .
 To factor the square trinomial, find the
missing value. We can find the value of m by
dividing the value of b by 2.
 𝑏
𝑚=
2
6
𝑚=
2
𝑚=3
 Substitute the value of m into the form
(𝑥 + 𝑚)2 . Therefore, the factor of
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 is (𝑥 + 3)2 .
 Change 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4 into the form (𝑦 + 𝑚)2 .
 To factor the square trinomial, find the
missing value. We can find the value of m by
dividing the value of b by 2.
𝑏
𝑚=
2
4
𝑚=
2
𝑚=2
 Substitute the value of m into the form
(𝑦 + 𝑚)2. Therefore, the factor of
𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4 is (𝑦 + 2)2 .
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 25  This is the standard form of the equation
of a circle whose general form is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 12 = 0
 To find the center of the circle, equate the factors
of the square trinomial to zero.
 For the value of h,
(𝑥 + 3)2 = 0

√(𝑥 + 3)2 = √0
𝑥+3 =0
𝑥 = −3 𝑜𝑟 ℎ = −3
 For the value of k,
(𝑦 + 2)2 = 0

√(𝑦 + 2)2 = √0
𝑦+2 =0
𝑦 = −2 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = −2
 Therefore, the center is (-3, -2).
 To find the radius, find the root of r². The value r²
is the number on the right side of the standard
form of the equation which is 25
𝑟 2 = 25
√𝑟 2 = √25
𝑟=5
 The radius is 5 units.

16 | P a g e
 4
 Draw a Cartesian Coordinate Plane. Using your
3 compass, locate the center, measure the radius,
2 and draw the circle.
1

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
r=5 -3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

Example 3: Express (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16 in general form of the equation of the circle. Draw
the circle.

Solution:

(𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16  Standard form of the equation of the given circle.

𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 16  Expand (𝑥 + 4)2 using the FOIL method.

Last Terms
First Terms

(𝑥 + 4) ∗ (𝑥 + 4)

Inner Terms
Outer Terms

First Terms: 𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 = 𝑥2
Outer Terms: 𝑥 ∗ 4 = 4𝑥
Inner Terms: 4 ∗ 𝑥 = 4𝑥
Last Terms: 4 ∗ 4 = 16
 Add the products of the expanded factor then,
combine similar terms.
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 16
𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16

 Expand (𝑦 − 1)2 using the FOIL method

Last Terms
First Terms

(𝑦 − 1) ∗ (𝑦 − 1)

Inner Terms
Outer Terms

17 | P a g e
 First Terms: 𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 = 𝑦2
Outer Terms: 𝑦 ∗ −1 = −𝑦
Inner Terms: −1 ∗ 𝑦 = −𝑦
Last Terms: −1 ∗ −1 = 1
 Add the products of the expanded factor then,
combine similar terms.
𝑦2 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 1
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1

𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 − 16 = 16 − 16  Subtraction Property of Equality. Subtract 16 to

both sides of the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 16 + 1 − 16 = 0  Arrange the equation by the degree/exponent of
the terms (descending).
 Combine similar terms
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0  General Form of the Equation of the given circle.

(𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16  To draw the circle, go back to the standard form

of the equation. Determine the center and the
radius.
 To find the center of the circle, equate the factors
to zero.
 For the value of h,
(𝑥 + 4)2 = 0

√(𝑥 + 4)2 = √0
6
5
𝑥+4 =0
4 𝑥 = −4 𝑜𝑟 ℎ = −4
3
2
 For the value of k,
r=4 1 (𝑦 − 1)2 = 0

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 √(𝑦 − 1)2 = √0
-1
-2 𝑦−1 =0
-3
-4
𝑦 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 1
-5  Therefore, the center is (-4, 1).
-6  To find the radius, find the root of r². The value r²
is the number on the right side of the standard
form of the equation which is 16
𝑟 2 = 16
√𝑟 2 = √16
𝑟=4
 The radius is 4 units.
 Draw a Cartesian Coordinate Plane. Using your
compass, locate the center, measure the radius,
and draw the circle.

18 | P a g e
 Activity 2 Match to Solve

This is a famous statement by an American President.

“___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
4 7 5 11 3 9 8 12 4 9 10 3 16 14 6 3 16 11 9 14 10
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ – ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
6 4 11 15 3 2 3 14 10 3 16 4 7 5 8 12 4 9
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
10 3 16 6 4 11 15 3 2 3 14 10 3 16 14
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.”
6 3 16 11 9 14 10
– ___ ___ ___ ___ ___. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1 3 12 11 2 5 13 11 11 13 15 10

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Determine the Standard Form of the given General
Equations of circles. Write the letter of the correct answer above its corresponding number to complete
the statement.

Column A Column B
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 14𝑦 + 22 = 0 A. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 4

2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 36 = 0 C. (𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑦 2 = 1

3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 38 = 0 D. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 25

4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 = 0 E. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 9

5. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 56 = 0 F. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36

6. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 = 0 H. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 4

7. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 9 = 0 J. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 36

8. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 24 = 0 K. (𝑥 + 6)2 + (𝑦 − 6)2 = 16

9. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 16 = 0 N. (𝑥 + 10)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 49

10. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 36 = 0 O. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 64

11. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 20𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 60 = 0 R. (𝑥 − 6)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 25

12. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 37 = 0 S. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 9

13. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 0 T. (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 4

14. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 36 = 0 U. (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 9

15. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 23 = 0 W. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 6)2 = 16

16. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 25 = 0 Y. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 49

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 REFERENCES

Comandante, Felipe Jr. (2000). Analytic Geometry with Solid Mensuration Made Easy.
National Book Store.

Melosantos, Luis Allan; Robles, Susan; Sacluti, Josephine; & Buce, Ryan. Math Connections in the
Digital Age: Pre – Calculus. Sibs Publishing House

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