11.

THEORY OF MACHINES
Ans. (b) : Kutzbach Criteria–Kutzbach criteria is for
1. Mechanisms and Machines determining degree of freedom of body in planar
mechanism (2D)
1. The motion of a square bar in a square hole is DOF = 3[ℓ – 1] – 2j – h .....(1)
example of ______. Here, ℓ = Number of links
(a) Completely constrained motion
j = Number of lower pair
(b) Incompletely constrained motion h = Number of higher pair
(c) Successfully constrained motion If h = 0, DOF = 1 putting in equation (1)
(d) Machine Then we get
(e) Structure 1 = 3(ℓ – 1) – 2j
(CGPCS Polytechnic Lecturer 2017)
1 = 3ℓ – 3 – 2j
Ans. (a) : Completely Constrained Motion –
Completely constrained motion is a type of constrained 3ℓ − 2 j = 4
motion in which relative motion between the links of a This equation is known as Grubler's criteria.
kinematic pair occurs in a definite direction by itself, 4. What is the mobility of given mechanism
irrespective of external forces applied. shown is fig:
Example– Square bar in a square hole undergoes
completely constrained motion.

(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
Nagaland CTSE 2016 Ist Paper
Incompletely Constrained Motion– Incompletely Ans. (d) : Mobility means (Degree of freedom) which is
constrained motion, the relative motion between the define as the minimum number of independent variable
links depend on the direction of external forces acting required to define the position & motion of System is
on them. A good example of incompletely constrained known as degree of freedom or (Mobility)
motion is the motion of a shaft inside a circular hole.
Partially or Successfully Constrained Motion–A
kinematic pair is said to be partially or successfully
constrained if the relative motion between the links
occurs in a definite direction, not by itself, but by some
other means. A good example of successfully ℓ = 4 Link
constrained motion is piston reciprocating inside a j = 4 Binary joint
cylinder in an internal combustion engine. h = 0 Higher Pair
2. Which of the following is an inversion of single F = 3( ℓ – 1 ) – 2j – h
slider - crank chain? F = 3(4 – 1) – 2 × 4 – 0
(a) Elliptical Trammel (b) Hand Pump F=9–8
F=1
(c) Scotch Yoke (d) Oldham's Coupling
RPSC AE 2018 5. Which of the following is an approx. straight
line motion mechanism?
Ans. (b) : Hand Pump is an inversion of single slider -
(a) Watt's mechanism
crank chain whereas elliptical trammel, scotch yoke and
(b) Grasshopper mechanism
oldham's coupling are inversion of double slider crank
(c) Robert's mechanism
chain.
(d) All of these
3. Grubler's criterion is applicable for SJVN ET 2013
mechanisms with: Ans. (d) : Approximate straight line motion
(a) Zero degree of freedom mechanism-
(b) Single degree of freedom (i) Watt's mechanism.
(c) Two degree of freedom (ii) Modified Scott-Russel mechanism
(d) Three degree of freedom (iii) Grosshopper mechanism
(e) More than three degree of freedom (iv) Tchebicheff's mechanism
(CGPCS Polytechnic Lecturer 2017) (v) Robert's mechanism
575
6. In elliptical trammels Archimedes) is a simple mechanism which can trace an
(a) All four pairs are sliding exact elliptical path.
(b) All four pairs are turning Whitworth mechanism–The Whitworth quick return
(c) Two pairs are turning and other two sliding mechanism converts rotary motion into reciprocating
(d) One pair turning and three sliding motion, but unlike the crank and slider, the forward
(e) One pair sliding and three turning reciprocating motion is at a different rate than backward
CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift stroke.
Ans. (c) : • Elliptical Trammel is an inversion of 10. A planer mechanism has 6 links with 6 lower
double crank chain mechanism. pairs and 2 higher pairs. Then the degree of
• A double slider crank chain consist of four freedom of mechanism as per Gruebler's
links forming two sliding pairs and turning pairs. Criterion is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 0
TSPSC AEE 2015
Ans. (a) : Data given as,
l = 6, h = 2, j = 6
Then,
N = 3 (l -1) - 2j - h
N = 3 (6 - 1) - 2 × 6 - 2
N =1
11. The kinematic chain shown is a :
7. The joint in valve mechanism of reciprocating
engine is
(a) knuckle joint (b) universal joint
(c) cotter joint (d) key joint (a) Structure
(e) pin joint (b) Mechanism with one degree of freedom
CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift (c) Mechanism with two degree of freedom
Ans. (a) : (d) Mechanism with more than two degree of
(i) Joints between the tie bars in a root trusses. freedom
(ii) Between the links of suspension bridge. OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011
(iii) In valve mechanism of a reciprocating engine. Ans. (b) : Mechanism with one degree of freedom.
(iv) Fulcrum for the levers.
8. Ackerman steering gear consist of
(a) Lower pair (b) Turning pair
(c) Rolling pair (d) Cylindrical pair
(e) Sliding pair
CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift No. of links, n = 10
Ans. (b) : The Ackerman steering mechanism is a No. of lower pairs, j = 13
geometric arrangement of linkages in a steering of a F = 3 (n–1) – 2j
vehicle to turn the inner and outer wheels at the F =3 (10–1) – 2 × 13
appropriate angles. The Ackerman steering gear F=1
consists of turning pairs rather than sliding pair. 12. Which one of the following is an exact straight-
9. Which of the following mechanism generates line mechanism using lower pairs?
(a) Watt's mechanism
intermittent rotary motion from continuous (b) Grasshopper mechanism
rotary motion? (c) Robert's mechanism
(a) Scotch yoke mechanism (d) Peaucellier's mechanism
(b) Geneva mechanism RPSC Vice Principal ITI 2018
(c) Elliptical mechanism Ans. (d) :
(d) Whitworth mechanism Exact straight-Line motion Mechanism
RPSC AE 2018 (i) Peacellier's Mechanism
Ans. (b) : Geneva mechanism—A Geneva mechanism (ii) Hart's mechanism
is a commonly used mechanism for producing an (iii) Scott Rusell's Mechanism
intermittent rotary motion from a uniform input speed. Approximate straight line motion Mechanism
Scotch yoke mechanism—It is one of reciprocating (i) Watt's Mechanism
motion mechanism, it should be convert an rotary (ii) Modified Scott-Russell Mechanism
motion into sliding of linear motion and vice-versa. (iii) Grasshopper mechanism
Elliptical trammel—The Elliptical trammel (also (iv) Techebicheff's Mechanism
known as the Elliptical trammel or the trammel as (v) Roberts Mechanism
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13. A simple quick return mechanism is shown in 15. Universal joint is an example of:-
the figure. The forward to return ratio of quick (a) Lower pair (b) Higher pair
return mechanism is 2 :1. If the radius of the (c) Rolling pair (d) Sliding pair
crank O2A is 125 mm, then the distance UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I
between the crank centre to lever centre point Ans. (a) : Universal joint is an example of lower pair.
(O2O4) should be : 16. In a slotted lever and crank quick return
mechanism used in shapers, the beginning and
end of cutting stroke occurs when
(a) cranked lever are in line with each other
(b) crank is perpendicular to lever
(c) crank is horizontal
(d) lever is horizontal
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
Ans. (b) : crank is perpendicular to lever
17. In a mechanism having six links, the number of
(a) 144.3 mm (b) 216.5 mm instantaneous centres of rotation present are
(c) 240.0 mm (d) 250.0 mm (a) 15 (b) 12
OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011 (c) 9 (d) 6
Ans. (d) : UKPSC AE 2007, 2012 Paper-I
Ans. (a) : 15
18. Identify the wrong statement :
(a) A mechanism is an assemblage of four or
more links.
(b) A slider crank chain consists of two sliding
pairs and two turning pairs.
(c) A kinematic chain requires at least four links
and four turning pairs.
Time of cutting stroke
Quick return ratio = (d) Open pairs are those whose elements are not
Time of Re turn stroke held together mechanically.
β 2 UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
= Ans. (b) : A slider crank chain consists of two sliding
α 1
β = 2α pairs and two turning pairs.
19. The instantaneous centre of rotation of a
∴α + β = 3600
circular disc rolling on a straight path is at
α = 120 0
(a) the centre of the disc
In triangle ∆O1 O2 P (b) their point of contact
O1P 125 (c) the centre of gravity of the disc
d= = = 250 mm
 α  cos 600 (d) infinity
cos   UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
2
Ans. (b) : their point of contact
d = 250 mm
20. Which one of the following is not an example of
14. A planar mechanism has 8 links and 10 rotary higher pair ?
joints. The number of degrees of freedom of the (a) Disc Cam and roller follower
mechanism, using Grubler's criterion, is : (b) Spur Gear meshing teeth
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) Ball Bearing
(c) 2 (d) 3 (d) Bush Bearing
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift Ans. (d) : Bush Bearing
Ans : (b) : Degree of freedom (DOF) of a planer 21. A football is rolling on ground, the motion of
mechanism by Grubler’s criterion, any point on its surface is
DOF = 3 ( ℓ − 1) – 2 j – h (a) elliptical plane motion (b) helical
(c) spherical (d) plane rotation
Where, UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
ℓ = 8 (Number of links) Ans. (c) : Spherical
j = 10 (Number of binary joints)
22. Which of the following is not an inversion of
h = 0 (Number of higher pairs)
single slider crank mechanism?
DoF = 3 (8–1) –2 × 10 – 0 (a) Quick return mechanism
DOF = 1 (b) Oscillating cylinder engine mechanism
577
 (c) Pendulum pump mechanism 30. Length of crank of a slotted lever quick return
(d) Oldham's coupling mechanism is 150 mm while the distance
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I between centre of crank rotation and slotted
Ans. (d) : Oldham's coupling lever is 300 mm. What is the ratio of time of
cutting to time of return of this mechanism?
23. A spheric pair such as ball and socket joint has (a) 4 (b) 3
n degrees of freedom, where n is equal to (c) 2 (d) 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
(c) 2 (d) 3 Ans. (c) : 2
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I 31. Which one of the following is a higher pair ?
Ans. (d) : 3 (a) Belt and Pulley (b) Turning Pair
24. In a slotted lever quick return mechanism the (c) Screw Pair (d) Sliding Pair
number of instantaneous centres of rotation is OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011
(a) 6 (b) 10 Ans. (a) :
(c) 12 (d) 15 Belt and pulley is higher pair.
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I One link is wrapped over another link.
A pair of two links having a rolling motion relative to
Ans. (a) : 6 each other is called rolling pair.
25. A simple mechanism has the following number 32. The figure shown below has the following
of links: details:
(a) 4 (b) 3 l1 = 3 cm, l2 = 1.5 cm, l3 = 3.5 cm, l4 = 4 cm, The
(c) 2 (d) 1 value for θ4 (in degrees) when the input link (l2)
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I becomes perpendicular to the fixed link for the
Ans. (a) : 4 given assembly mode will be:
26. In a slotted lever quick return mechanism, the
crank length is 20 cm while the distance
between centres of crank and slotted lever
rotation is 40 cm. What is the ratio of cutting
stroke time to return stroke time?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 45 (b) 97.44
(c) 4 (d) 5 (c) 65.34 (d) 79.44
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I BHEL ET 2019
Ans. (a) : 3 Ans. (b) :
27. In a four bar mechanism the following 33. A mechanism is shown below. The number of
instantaneous centre of rotation is not present: ternary links and the DOF, respectively, are :
(a) Fixed
(b) Permanent
(c) Neither fixed nor permanent
(d) Perpendicular to the line joining centre of
rotations of crank and lever at infinity
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
(a) 2 ; 3 (b) 2 ; 2
Ans. (d) : Perpendicular to the line joining centre of (c) 3 ; 2 (d) 3 ; 3
rotations of crank and lever at infinity BHEL ET 2019
28. In a slider crank mechanism, piston velocity Ans. (d) : Number of ternary links = 3
becomes maximum for the following Number of links = 10
configuration when crank is Number of joint = 12
(a) at inner dead centre
(b) at outer dead centre
(c) perpendicular to line of stroke
(d) perpendicular to connecting rod
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
Ans. (d) : Perpendicular to connecting rod
29. How many instantaneous centres of rotation
are present in a slider crank mechanism? DOF = 3 (l – 1) – 2J – h
(a) 3 (b) 4 l = 10 , J = 12, h = 0
(c) 6 (d) 8 DOF = 3 (10 – 1) – 2 × 12
= 3 × 9 – 24 = 27 – 24
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
Ans. (c) : 6 DOF = 3
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34. DOF of an over constrained structure has Ans. (c) : In a four bar Mechanism, if the shortest link
______ value. is fixed, the Mechanism obtained is known as double
(a) zero (b) positive or negative crank mechanism.
(c) negative (d) positive
BHEL ET 2019
Ans. (c) : If degree of freedom is negative
i.e., F < 0, its called in determinant structure or
super structure because no relative motion in between
links.
35. The input parameters of inverse kinematics are
(a) Links length, wrist position
(b) Links length, joint angles S – fixed
(c) Writ position, joint angles double crank mechanism
(d) Only links length 41. The link EF in a slider crank mechanism has a
TNPSC 2019 length of 0.4 m. The velocity of end E with
Ans. (a) : The input parameters of inverse kinematics respect to F is 4.9 m/s. The angular velocity of
are links length, wrist position. the link is :
36. A wheel rotating around its axle forms a _____ (a) 0.01225 rad/s (b) 1.225 rad/s
pair. (c) 12.25 rad/s (d) 1225.5 rad/s
(a) sliding (b) turning TRB Polytechnic Lecturer 2017
(c) rolling (d) screw Ans. (c) : Given,
(e) spherical
(CGPCS Polytechnic Lecturer 2017) ℓ = 0.4 m
Ans. (b) : A wheel rotating around its axle forms a VEF = 4.9 m/s
turning pair. V 4.9
Angular velocity (ω) = EF =
37. Which of the following disciplines provides ℓ 0.4
study of relative motion between the parts of a ω = 12.25 rad/s
machine 42. In a 4– bar linkage, if the lengths of shortest,
(a) applied mechanics (b) mechanisms longest and the other two links are denoted by
(c) kinematics (d) kinetics s, l, p and q, then it would result in Grashof's
Nagaland CTSE 2016 Ist Paper linkage provided that :
Ans. (c) : The study of inertia forces arising from the (a) ℓ + p < s + q (b) ℓ + s < p + q
combined effect of the mass and motion of the parts is (c) ℓ + p = s + q (d) None of these
called kinetics while. The study of relative motion Nagaland CTSE 2017 Ist Paper
between the parts of a machine is called kinematics. Ans. (b) : According to, Grashof's law, for continuous
38. In a kinematic chain, a quaternary joint is relative motion in four bar mechanism, it require to
equivalent to: satisfy the equation.
(a) one binary joint (b) two binary joints ℓ+ s < p + q
(c) three binary joints (d) four binary joints 43. Which of the following is the inversion of single
SJVN ET 2013 slider-crank chain?
Ans. (c) : three binary joints (a) Elliptical trammel
39. A completely constrained motion can be (b) Scotch yoke
transmitted with: (c) Oldham's coupling
(a) 1 link with pin joints (d) With worth quick-return mechanism
(b) 2 link with pin joints SJVN ET 2019
(c) 3 link with pin joints Ans. (d) : Inversion of single slider-crank chain-
(d) 4 link with pin joints (i) Reciprocating engine/compressor
SJVN ET 2013 (ii) Whitworth/Quick return mechanism
Ans. (d) : A completely constrained motion can be (iii) Crank and slotted lever mechanism, oscillating
transmitted with 4 link with pin joints. cylinder mechanism
40. In a four bar Mechanism, if the shortest link is (iv) Hand pump, Bull engine.
fixed, the Mechanism obtained is known as: 44. Pulley in belt drive acts as
(a) Double rocker mechanism (a) Surface pair (b) Turning pair
(b) Six bar mechanism (c) Rolling pair (d) Cylindrical pair
(c) Double crank mechanism (e) Sliding pair
(d) Crank and rocker mechanism CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift
TRB Polytechnic Lecturer 2017
RPSC Vice Principal ITI 2018 Ans. (c) : Pulley in belt drive acts as Rolling pair

579
45. Consider the following geometrical figures Ans. (b) : In planner slotter and super quick return
1. Cycloid 2. Ellipse mechanism is required whereas this is not required in
3. Circle 4. Parabola broaching.
Which of these accurately describe the path 51. In an offset slider-crank mechanism with
traced by a point on a link connecting double length of connecting rod l, crank radius r and
slider crank chain offset e, the crank will revolve only when
(a) 1 (b) 1 and 2 (a) l ≥ (r + e) (b) l ≤ (r - e)
(c) 2 (d) 1 and 3
(e) 4 (c) l > (r - e) (d) l < (r + e)
CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift TNPSC AE 2014
Ans. (c) : Double slider crank chain Ans. (a) : In an offset slider-crank mechanism with
The elliptical trammel, which is used for drawing length of connecting rod l, crank radius r and offset e,
ellipses, is an example of this inversion. the crank will revolve only when length of connecting
46. If L = No. of links and J = No. of joints, then rod l should be equal or greater than the sum of crank
for a kinematic chain: radius and offset e.
(a) L = 3/2(J + 2) (b) L = 1/3(J + 2) ℓ ≥ (r + e)
(c) L = 2/3(J + 2) (d) L = 2/3(J + 2) 52. Which of the following systems has 8 links?
SJVN ET 2013 (a) Hart mechanism
Ans. (c) : (b) Peaucelliar mechanism
Condition for (c) Whitworth Quick return mechanism
Kinematic chain (d) Scotch yoke mechanism
3 TNPSC AE 2014
J = L−2
2 Ans. (b) : Mechanism Number of links
Hart mechanism 6
L = 2/3(J + 2)
Peaucelliar mechanism 8
47. A circular shaft is revolving inside the bearing Whithworth quick return
is an example of Mechanism 4
(a) Sliding pair (b) Turning pair Scotch yoke mechanics 4
(c) Rolling pair (d) Spherical pair
RPSC LECTURER 16.01.2016 53. A planar linkage having 8 links and 9 joints of
single degree of freedom will have ................
Ans. (b) : A circular shaft is revolving inside the degree of freedom.
bearing is an example of turning pair. (a) 1 (b) 2
48. If '4' number of links are connected at a joint. (c) 3 (d) 4
Then it will be equivalent to: RPSC AE 2018
(a) 3 binary joints (b) 2 binary joints Ans. (c) : Data given:
(c) 1 binary joint (d) 2 quaternary joints No. of links (l) = 8
UPRVUNL AE 2016 No. of joints (j) = 9
Ans. (a) : 1 - quaternary joints = 3 binary joints Then DOF = ?
1 - Ternary joint = 2 binary joints. DOF = 3(l -1) - 2j - h
49. The motion of a piston in the cylinder of a DOF = 3 (8 - 1) - 2 × 9 - 0
steam engine is an example of = 3 × 7 - 18
(a) Forced constrained motion DOF = 3
(b) Successfully constrained motion 54. If four links are connected at joint, it may be
(c) Incompletely constrained motion treated as:
(d) Completely constrained motion (a) 1 binary joint (b) 2 binary joint
TNPSC AE 2013 (c) 3 binary joint (d) 4 binary joint
Ans. (b) : Successfully constrained motion– When the (e) 5 binary joint
motion between two elements of a pair possible in more CGPSC AE 2014- I
than one direction but is made to have motion only in Ans. (c) : If four links are connected to a joint, it may
one direction by using some external means. treated as 3 binary joints. 1- Turnery joint – 2 binary
Example– Foot step bearing, A piston in a cylinder of joint.
an IC engine is made to have only reciprocating motion 55. Which of the following does not represents the
and no rotary motion due to constraints of the piston higher pair?
pin. (a) Wheel rolling on a surface
Note– option (d) given by TNPCS. (b) Sphere rolling on a surface
50. Quick return mechanism is not required in (c) Ball bearing
(a) Planner (b) Broaching (d) Turning out on screw
(c) Slotter (d) Shaper (e) Cylinder rolling on a surface
TNPSC AE 2013 CGPSC AE 2014- I
580
Ans. (d) : Wheel rolling on a surface, sphere rolling on 61. The relation between number of links and
a surface, ball bearing and cylinder rolling on a surface number of lower pairs is given as n = 2p – 4. If
are example of higher pair where as turning nut on L.H.S is less than R.H.S of this equation then
screw is the example of lower pair [Screw and nut pair]. the chain is
56. A ball and socket joint is example of _______ (a) constrained (b) locked
pair. (c) structure (d) unconstrained
(a) Screw (b) Spherical APPSC AEE 2016
(c) Turning (d) Rolling Ans. (c) : n = 2p − 4
CIL MT 2017 2017 IInd shift If, L.H.S < R.H.S
SJVN ET 2019 Then, it become an strecture
HPPSC W.S. Poly. 2016 If,
Ans. (b) : When the two elements of a pair are  h 3 
connected in such a way that one element (with  p +  =  n − 2 (kinematic chain)
 2 2 
spherical shape) turns or swivels about the other fixed If,
element, the pair formed is called a spherical pair. The
 h 3 
ball and socket joint, attachment of a car mirror, pen  p +  >  n − 2 (frame or structure)
stand etc., are the examples of a spherical pair.  2   2 
57. Mechanism is said to be converted to structure If (L.H.S – R.H.S) = 0.5 (frame or structure)
if the degree of freedom of mechanism reduced If (L.H.S. – R.H.S.) > 0.5 (Super structure)
to :  h 3 
If  p +  <  n − 2  (unconstrained chain)
(a) 3 (b) 1  2   2 
(c) 0 (d) 2 62. In 3-dimension, how many degrees of freedom
CIL MT 2017 2017 IInd shift does a fixed support have?
Nagaland CTSE 2017 Ist Paper (a) 0 (b) 2
Ans. (c) : When the degree of freedom of a kinematic (c) 3 (d) 6
chain is zero then it is called structure. A structure with APPSC-AE-2019
negative degree of freedom is known as super structure. Ans. (a) : For a fixed support DOF = 0
58. Which of the following mechanism is made up 63. Which one of the following is not a inversion of
of turning pairs? double slider crank mechanism
(a) Scott-Russel mechanism (a) Elliptical trammel
(b) Peaucellier mechanism (b) Oldham's coupling
(c) Watt mechanism (c) Scotch yoke mechanism
(d) Pantograph (d) Beam engine Mechanism
TNPSC AE 2018 TSPSC AEE 2015
Ans. (b) : Peaucellier mechanism- The first planar Ans. (d) : Elliptical trammel, oldham's coupling and
linkage capable of transforming rotary motion into scotch yoke mechanism are the example of double
perfect straight - line motion and vice versa. slider crank mechanism where as beam engine
mechanism is the example of single slider crank
Number of links is 8.
mechanism.
59. _________permits one shaft to drive two other
64. For a Kinematic chain to be considered as
shafts with equal efforts at three different mechanism
shafts speeds. (a) Two links should be fixed
(a) Universal joint (b) Stub axles (b) One link should be fixed
(c) Differential (d) Axle housing (c) None of the links should be fixed
TNPSC AE 2017 (d) There is no such criterion
Ans. (c) : Differential permits one shaft to drive two Vizag Steel (MT) 2017
other shafts with equal efforts at three different shafts Ans. (b) : for a kinematic chain to be considered as
speeds. mechanism one link should be fixed.
60. Consider the following degrees of freedom 65. In gramophones for adjusting the speed of the
(i) Pitch turntable, the following type of governor is
(ii) Roll commonly employed–
(iii) Xaw (a) Hartung governor
DOF which is not included in half car model is (b) Wilson Hartnell governor
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) Pickering governor
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii), (iii) (d) Inertia governor
TNPSC AE 2017 Vizag Steel (MT) 2017
Ans. (c) : Roll and Xaw, DOF is not included in half car Ans. (c) : Pickering governor is used to drive a
model. gramophone.
581
66. Automobile Steering gear is an example of 72. In a four-bar chain or quadratic cycle chain
(a) Higher pair (b) Sliding pair (a) each of the four pairs is a turning pair
(c) Turning pair (d) Lower pair (b) one is a turning pair and three are sliding
Vizag Steel (MT) 2017 pairs
Ans. (d) : Automobile steering gear is an example of (c) two are turning pairs and two are sliding pairs
lower pair. (d) three are turning pairs and one is a sliding
67. Which of the following is a statically pair
indeterminate structure? Maharashtra PSC AE Pre 2019
(a) Load supported on composite member JPSC AE - 2013 Paper-II
(b) Load supported on two members Ans : (a) : A four bar chain have all the links binary
(c) Load supported on three members and all connection a turning pair or revolute pair as
(d) Thermal load supported on two members shown in figure below.
TNPSC 2019
Ans. (c) : Load supported on three members is a
statically indeterminate structure.
68. The number of degrees of freedom in a planar
mechanism having n links and j simple hinge
joints is–
(a) 3 (n–3) – 2j (b) 3 (n–1) – 2j Link 1, 2, 3 and 4 are connected by turning pair.
(c) 3n – 2j (d) 2j – 3n + 4 73. A link, which is free in space, has degree of
RPSC 2016 freedom equal to
Ans : (b) The no. of Degree of freedom in a planer (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) 5 (d) 4
mechanism having n links and J simple hinge joints is–
BPSC AE 2012 Paper - VI
F = 3(n-1)-2j UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
69. The Grubler's criterion for obtaining the Ans : (b) : Degree of freedom of a pair is defined as the
degree of freedom (F) of a planar mechanism number of independent relative motions both
with 'n' number of links and 'j' number of translational and rotational, a pair can have Degree of
binary joints, is given by : freedom = 6
(a) F = 3(n–1) – j (b) F = 3(n–1) – 2j 74. Assertion (A) : The Ackermann steering gear is
(c) F = 2(n–1) – j (d) F = 2(n–1) – 2j commonly used in all automobiles.
OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011 Reason (R) : It has correct inner turning angle
Ans. (b) : The Grubler's criterion for obtaining the for all positions.
degree of freedom (F) of a planar mechanism with 'n' (a) Both (A) and (R) are individually true and (R)
number of links and 'j' number of binary joints, is given is not the correct explanation of (A)
by : (b) Both (A) and (R) are individually true but (R)
is not the correct explanation of (A)
F = 3 ( n − 1) − 2 j (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
70. Oldham's coupling and elliptic trammels are (d) (A) is false but (R) is true
the inversion of : OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I
(a) Crossed Slider Crank Chain Ans : (c) : An Ackerman steering gear has only turning
(b) Four Bar Chain pairs and thus is preferred, Its drawback is that it fulfills
(c) Single Slider Crank Chain the fundamental equation of correct gearing at the
(d) Double Slider Crank Chain middle and the two gearing at the middle and the two
OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011 extreme positions and not in all positions.
Ans. (d) : Oldham's coupling scotch yoke and elliptical 75. When a cylinder is located in a Vee-block, then
trammels are the inversion of double slider crank chain number of degrees of freedom which are
mechanism. arrested is :
71. A negative degree of freedom for a mechanism (a) 2 (b) 4
means : (c) 7 (d) 8
(a) Constrained motion mechanism OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I
(b) Unconstrained motion mechanism Ans : (b) : Since the degree of freedom of a cylinder in
(c) Any motion vee-block are two and degree of freedom of cylinder in
(d) Statically indeterminate structure space are six, then degree of freedom arrested when
OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011 cylinder is put in vee-block.
Ans. (d) : Statically indeterminate structure we know DOF = 6 – 2 = 4
that mobility or degree of freedom of a statically 76. In a single slider four-bar linkage, when the
indeterminate structure (means super structure) is slider is fixed, it forms a mechanism of :
always negative. (a) Hand pump
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 (b) Reciprocating engine 82. Which of the following is a lower pair?
(c) Quick return (a) Ball and socket (b) Piston and cylinder
(d) Oscillating cylinder (c) Cam and follower (d) (a) and (b) above
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I Gujarat PSC AE 2019
Ans : (a) : The slider 4 is fixed and link-1 moves/slides Ans : (d) : Lower pair- When two elements of a pair
through slider 4. The resulting mechanism is handpump. have a surface contact when relative motion takes place
77. The mechanism used in a shaping machine is : and the surface of one element slides over the surface of
(a) A closed 4-bar chain having 4 revolute pairs the other, the pair formed is known as lower pair. It will
(b) A closed 6-bar chain having 6 revolute pairs be seen that sliding pairs, turning pairs and screw pair
(c) A closed 4-bar chain having 2 revolute and 2 from lower pairs ball and socket. Piston and cylinder is
sliding pairs a lower pair.
(d) An inversion of the single slider-crank chain 83. Which of the following statements are correct
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I with respect to inversion of mechanisms?
Ans : (d) : Mechanism used in shaping machining is 1. It is a method of obtaining different
inversion of single slider crank mechanism. mechanisms by fixing different links of the
78. In a four-bar linkage, S denotes the shortest same kinematic chain.
link length, L is the longest link length, P and Q 2. It is method of obtaining different
are the lengths of other two links. At least one mechanisms by fixing the same links of
of the three moving links will rotate by 360º if : different kinematic chains.
(a) S + L ≤ P + Q (b) S + L > P + Q 3. In the process of inversion, the relative
(c) S + L ≥ L + Q (d) S + L > L + Q motions of the links of the mechanisms
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I produced remain unchanged.
4. In the process of inversion, the relative
Ans : (a) : The smallest link can rotated by 360º i.e.
motions of the links of the mechanisms
crank, This situation occurs only when Grashof’s law is
produced will change accordingly.
satisfied.
Select the correct answer using the code given
79. Match the following : below.
Column-I Column-II (a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(P) Higher Kinematic pair (i) Grubler's equation (c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
(Q) Lower Kinematic pair (ii) Line contact
(R) Quick return mechanism (iii) Euler's equation ESE 2019
(S) Mobility of a linkage (iv) Planer Ans. (a) : Inversion is the process of alternately fixing
(v) Shaper each link of a kinematic chain to get different type of
(vi) Surfaces contact mechanism where the relative motion between links
(a) P–II, Q–VI, R–IV, S–III remain unchanged but the absolute motion between then
(b) P–VI, Q–II, R–IV, S–I gets inverted i.e. the sense of their motion changes from
(c) P–VI, Q–II, R–V, S–III clockwise to counter clock wise rotation or from
(d) P–II, Q–VI, R–V, S–I rightward movement to leftward.
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I 84. A planer mechanism has 10 links and 12 rotary
RPSC 2016 joints. Using Grubler’s criterion, the number of
Ans : (d) : degrees of freedom of the mechanism is
Higher Kinematic Pair → Line contact (a) 1 (b) 3
Lower Kinematic Pair → Surface contact (c) 2 (d) 4
Quick return mechanism → Shaper ESE 2017
Mobility of a linkage → Grubler’s equation Ans. (b) : Given,
80. Scotch yoke mechanism is used to generate : n = 10
(a) Sine functions (b) Square roots j1 = 12
(c) Logarithms (d) Inversions j2 = 0
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I Degree of freedom (DOF) = 3(n − 1) − 2j1 − j2
Ans : (a) : Scotch yoke mechanism is an inversion of = 3(10 − 1) − 2 × 12 − 0
double slider crank mechanism. It is used to convert =3
rotary motion into sliding motion. It generates (sin and 85. Which of the following mechanisms are
cos) functions. examples of forced closed kinematic pairs?
1. Cam and roller mechanism
81. Any point on a link connecting double slider
2. Door – closing mechanism
crank chain will trace a
3. Slider – crank mechanism
(a) Straight line (b) Circle
Select the correct answer using the code given
(c) Ellipse (d) Parabola below.
Gujarat PSC AE 2019 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
Ans : (c) : At the centre the link will trace circle and it (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
will trace ellipse on other points. ESE 2017
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Ans. (a) : Force closed kinematic pair– Contact link is known as coriolis component of acceleration and
between the links forming the pair is maintained by an is always perpendicular to the links
external force/torque but not due to the geometry of
surface in contact.
In general, can and follower will be in contact either
due to force of gravity or force of the spring on the
follower. Door closing mechanism, has a torsion spring
loaded follower in contact with door.
Note- The answer given by UPSC is option (c).
86. The coefficient of fluctuation of speed in Carioles component of the acceleration of B with
flywheel for punching press is in the range of respect of C
(a) 0.003 – 0.06 (b) 0.03 – 0.05 a CBC = a BC
t
= 2ωv
(c) 0.06 – 0.2 (d) Above 0.2
TNPSC 2019 ω = Angular velocity of the link OA.
V = Velocity of slider respect to coincident point C.
Ans. (c) : The coefficient of fluctuation of speed in
90. In a lower pair of links there is ........... contact.
flywheel for punching press is in the range of 0.06 – 0.2.
(a) point (b) line
87. Typewriter constitutes
(c) surface (d) no
(a) Structure (b) Machine
(HPPSC LECT. 2016)
(c) Inversion (d) mechanism
(KPSC AE 2015)Ans : (c) In a lower pair of links there is surface
contact.
Ans : (d) Typewriter constitutes mechanism.
Lower pair:- When the two elements of a pair have a
88. The degree of freedom of the mechanism surface contact when relative motion takes place and the
shown in the figure is surface of one elements slides over the surface of the
other, the pair formed is known as lower pair. It will be
seen that sliding pair, turning pair, and screw pairs form
lower pairs.
91. The no. of inversions for a slider crank
mechanism is...........
(a) two (b) zero (a) 4 (b) 8
(c) one (d) negative one (c) 6 (d) 0
BPSC Poly. Lect. 2016 (HPPSC LECT. 2016)
Ans : (c) Ans : (a)

A single slider crank chain is a modification of the basis

link = 4 (1, 2, 3, 4) four bar chain. It consist of one slider pair and three
J = 3 (A, B, C) turning pair.
h = 1 (D) This method of obtaining different mechanism by fixing
fr = 1 (link 2 and link 3) (Redundant Motion) different links in kinematic chain, is known as inversion
DOF = 3 (L - 1) - 2J - h - fr of the mechanism
DOF = 3 (4-1) - 2 × 3 - 1-1 (i) If number of links are N then no. of inversion is N
DOF = 1 (ii) The no. of inversion for a slider crank mechanism is 4.
92. The velocity of any point 'P' on a body rotating
89. In which of the following mechanism, the with angular velocity 'ω' and with
Coriolis acceleration exists ? instantaneous centre of rotation 'I' is equal to:
(a) withworth quick return mechanism (a) IP/ω (b) IPω
(b) tangent cam mechanism (c) IP/ω2 (d) IPω2
(c) both (A) and (B) (HPPSC LECT. 2016)
(d) one of these Ans : (b) Instantaneous centre = IPω
(HPPSC AE 2014) I = Instantaneous centre of rotation
Ans : (c) The coriolis acceleration exists. ω = angular velocity.
(i) Withworth quick return mechanism 93. Watt mechanism is a ......... bar mechanism.
(ii) Tangent cam mechanism. (a) 3 (b) 4
Coriolis component is on component of acceleration of (c) 5 (d) 8
the slider B with respect to the coincident point C on the (HPPSC LECT. 2016)
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