Medications:

1. Twynsta 80mg/5mg OD
2. Jardiance 10 mg OD
3. Proglin 50mg OD

Drug Name Action Dose & Route Side Effects Nursing Care
Brand Name: Twynsta Telmisartan, a Dose: 1 tab Common Side Effects:  Monitor electrolyte
Generic: Telmisartan nonpeptide tetrazole 80mg/5mg , Once a  Dizziness or panels at baseline
+ Amlodipine derivative, is an day lightheadedness and periodically
angiotensin II type 1 Route: Oral Route  Urinalysis
receptor antagonist  BP
producing its BP Other Side Effects:  Heart rate
lowering effects by  Swelling  Liver and renal
selectively blocking the hands/ankles/fee functions
binding of angiotensin II t  s/s of peripheral
to angiotensin type 1  Flushing edema,
receptors, thereby  Drowsiness symptomatic
reducing angiotensin II-  Fatigue hypotension
induced  Back pain
vasoconstriction,
 Nausea
aldosterone release and
 Diarrhea
Na reabsorption.
 Vomiting
Amlodipine, a
dihydropyridine Ca
channel blocker,
reduces peripheral
vascular resistance and
BP by producing a
relaxation of vascular
smooth muscle and
coronary vasodilation
through inhibition of Ca
ion transmembrane
influx into cardiac and
 vascular smooth
muscles
Brand Name: Empagliflozin is a Dose: 1 tab 10mg, once  dehydration  Monitor for signs
Jardiance reversible, highly potent a day  dizziness and symptoms of
Generic Name: and selective Route: Oral Route  lightheadedness hypotension after
Empagliflozin competitive inhibitor of  weakness initiating therapy
SGLT2 with an IC50 of  yeast infection  Discontinue if
1.3 nM. It has a 5000-  low blood sugar ketoacidosis is
fold selectivity over suspected
 nausea
human SGLT1 (IC50 of  Discontinue and
 URTI
6278 nM), responsible institute prompt
for glucose absorption  High cholesterol
treatment in case of
in the gut.  It is  Joint pain
necrotizing fasciitis
responsible as the  Increased urination
of the perineum
predominant transporter  UTI
for reabsorption of  Thirst
glucose from the  Hypotension
glomerular filtrate back
into the circulation. In
patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) and
hyperglycemia a higher
amount of glucose is
filtered and reabsorbed.

Empagliflozin improves
glycaemic control in
patients with T2DM by
reducing renal glucose
reabsorption. The
amount of glucose
removed by the kidney
through this glucuretic
mechanism is
dependent upon the
 blood glucose
concentration and GFR.
Through inhibition of
SGLT2 in patients with
T2DM and
hyperglycemia, excess
glucose is excreted in
the urine.

The mechanism of
action of empagliflozin
is independent of beta
cell function and insulin
pathway, and this
contributes to a low risk
of hypoglycemia.

Brand Name: Proglin The administration of Dose: 1 tab 50 mg,  Headache  Monitor liver
Generic Name: vildagliptin results in once a day  Cough function
Vildagliptin rapid and complete Route: Oral Route  Constipation
inhibition of DPP-4  Sweating
activity. In patients with  Hypoglycemia
type 2 diabetes,  Weakness
administration of
 Excessive sweating
vildagliptin led to
 Heart Burn
inhibition of DPP-4
enzyme activity for a  Swelling of face, lips,
24-hour period. and eyelids

Vildagliptin, a member
of the islet enhancer
class, is a potent and
selective
dipeptidylpeptidase-4
(DPP-4) inhibitor that
improves glycemic
control. Vildagliptin
inhibition of DPP-4
results in increased
fasting and postprandial
endogenous levels of
the incretin hormones
GLP-1 (glucagon-like
peptide 1) and GIP
(glucose-dependent
insulinotropic
polypeptide).