Unit 2: YOUR BODY AND YOU

B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. breath B. health C. heart D. head
2. A. intestine B. mind C. spine D. reliable
3. A. yoga B. young C. yin D. rhythm
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. oxygenate B. ability C. complicated D. regularly
5. A. allergy B. sleepiness C. additive D. papaya
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. Foods and drinks which strongly the body can cause stress.
A. boost B. develop C. encourage D. stimulate
7. Some foods and spices may your breath for days after a meal.
A. spoil B. harm C. damage D. reduce
8. by the brain and nerves, the nervous system allows us to move, talk, and feel
emotions.
A. Leading B. Being led C. Led D. Having been led
9. Broccoli supplies a great source of vitamin K, which is known to thinking function and
brainpower.
A. stimulate - decrease B. enhance - improve
C. encourage - improve D. develop - stop
10. Yoga increases endurance, and flexibility.
A. strong B. strength C. powerful D. blood
11. Most herbal medicines are well by the patient, with fewer side effects.
A. tolerate B. tolerating C. tolerated D. being tolerated
12. It that half of your plate consists of vegetables and fruit.
A. suggests B. suggesting C. is suggested D. is suggesting
13. I an interview for a scholarship tomorrow morning.
A. will have B. am going to have C. will be having D. will have had
14. Not brushing your teeth regularly plaque build up on your teeth.
A. is going to let B. is going to allow C. will let D. will get
15. I a good hot bath in ten minutes in order to take good care of my skin.
A. will have B. will have had C. will be having D. is going to have
IV. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive.
16. The human brain can read 1,000 words per minute.
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17. In 30 minutes, the human body gives off enough heat to bring a gallon of water to the boiling
point.
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18. If the human brain were a computer, it could perform 38 thousand-trillion operations per second.
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19. Your body produces 25 million new cells each second.
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20. The human brain uses 20% of the entire body's oxygen and calorie intake, despite only accounting
for about 2% of an adult's body mass.
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V . Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
I believe in the old saying: “healthy body, healthy mind”; it really has a place for me. For anyone
that has had personal experiences with (21) health, it is so true that by keeping active and
keeping fit, you feel stronger not just in your body but so much stronger in your (22)
as well. By keeping active. I’ve personally found that I now sleep much better and can (23)
my daily activities with so much more (24) and less stress. I have also had a boost
to my own self-confidence (25 ) I have managed to lose a considerable amount of
weight.
There are health benefits, too. Being active could possibly mean I am less (26) to
develop diabetes or any other weight related issues. As I grow older, I want to (27) as
independent as I possibly can. I don’t want to be dependent on other people.
The final benefit is the (28) side to keeping fit. Whether you choose (29) a gym, a
walking group or a football club, these clubs are often so friendly, warm and welcoming to new
members. I’ve met so many like-minded and positive people through getting fit. It has been great
(30) , too.
21. A. mental B. brain C. mind D. physical
22. A. heart B. mental C. brain D. mind
23. A. deal B. deal with C. solve D. achieve
24. A. ease B. easy C. easily D. easier
25. A. if B. when C. as D. although
26. A. like B. likely C. unlikely D. alike
27. A. delay B. begin C. seem D. remain
28. A. social B. society C. sociable D. socially
29. A. to join B. to join in C. joining D. joining in
30. A. fun B. funny C. enjoyable D. fitness
VI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Reflexology is a natural treatment dating back to ancient times. It is based on the idea that there
are zones, or areas, in the feet and hands that are related to other parts and systems of the body. For
example, the tips of the toes or fingers are related to the head and neck, and the ball of the foot is
related to the heart and chest. A reflexologist applies pressure to specific areas in a patient’s feet and
hands to relieve symptoms or pain in other related areas.
This type of treatment does not cure or diagnose specific health problems, and it does not involve
any medication. Yet many patients find that it successfully relieves symptoms of stress and disease.
Reflexology is effective for pain, headaches, and sleeping difficulties, among other ailments.
Applying pressure to the feet and hands relieves tension, improves blood circulation, and relaxes
muscles. It promotes the natural, healthy functions and well-being of the entire body. Reflexology is
often used along with other types of treatments, including conventional medicine.
 This gentle therapy is safe and simple. A reflexologist’s only tools are his or her hands. Pressure
is strong, but not uncomfortable. It’s not uncommon for patients to fall asleep during treatments.
A typical treatment session lasts one hour. Treatment is usually focused on the feet for most of
the session. A patient is asked to remove his or her shoes and socks, to sit in a comfortable reclining
chair, and then to relax as the reflexologist warms the patient’s feet with his or her hands and applies
pressure to the appropriate parts of the foot. The last ten minutes of the session are dedicated to the
hands.
After relieving specific problems, many patients continue a regular programme of treatment to
maintain good health. Some reflexologists suggest building at least a five-minute reflexology session
into every day for long-term relief of stress and pain.
31. Reflexology is a natural treatment which is based on the idea that .
A. there are zones or areas in the feet and hands that are related to any parts of the body
B. the pressure in certain areas in the feet and hands will affect other parts of the body
C. we can apply pressure to specific areas in a patient’s feet and hands to cure diseases
D. pressure on the ball of the foot can cure heart diseases and chest pain
32. All of the following may be the benefits of reflexology EXCEPT .
A. giving up using other conventional treatments B. improving blood circulation
C. relieving tension, pain, sleeplessness D. relaxing muscles
33. Reflexology offers the therapy that is .
A. simple and uncomfortable B. gentle and uncomfortable
C. safe and comfortable. D. too strong but safe
34. In a typical session of reflexology, about is spent on the feet.
A. one hour B. fifty minutes C. ten minutes D. half the time
35. In order to have good effect, we should .
A. have a long-term relief session combined with medicine
B. remove our shoes and socks every day
C. have a regular five-minute reflexology session every day
D. try to avoid specific problems in our daily life
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

V. Complete the following sentences with “be going to” or “will”. Sometimes both are correct.
1. A: I can’t come during the day.
B: I (see) you tomorrow evening.
2. The method is quite simple, and I’m sure it (be) familiar to most of you
already.
3. That cheese smells awful. I think nobody (eat) it.
4. A: Did you get the theatre tickets?
B: No, I forgot all about them. I (book) them tomorrow.
5. Wherever you go in Viet Nam, you (find) the people very friendly.
6. Phong says he (be) a policeman when he grows up.
7. Are these your new racket and shuttlecock? (you/ take up) table
tennis?
8. The sky has gone really dark. There (be) a rain.
9. A: What is the milk used for?
 B: I (make) some yoghurt.
10. You can’t play football in the garden. I (cut) the grass.
VI. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive.
1. Our body cannot make essential fatty acids or vitamins, so we must obtain them through diet.
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Low fatty acid levels cause a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and memory loss.
___________________________________________________________________________

3. The consumption of blueberries and tomatoes can delay short-term memory loss or Alzheimer's.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Just a handful of pumpkin seeds a day provides you with your recommended daily amount of
zinc.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. A good intake of vitamin E prevents thinking decline, particularly in the elderly.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Nuts supply us with a great source of vitamin E.
___________________________________________________________________________

II. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.
Just breathe
The movement of your blood through your heart and around your body is called circulation. The
process of circulation is fast: it takes less than a minute to pump blood to every part of your body.
When we breathe in, oxygen goes into your lungs. Blood from your lungs fills with oxygen and
moves into the left side of your heart. The left side of your heart pumps the blood with oxygen in it
out through tubes called arteries. Arteries carry blood away from your heart to your body. Your body
takes the oxygen out of the blood and uses it to stay healthy and strong. We need oxygen for
everything we do: moving, growing, speaking, and thinking. If we do not have oxygen, we cannot
live.
When your body uses the oxygen from your blood, it makes carbon dioxide. Your body doesn’t
need this carbon dioxide, so the blood takes it away. Other tubes, called veins, carry the blood with
carbon dioxide in it back to your heart. The blood from our body goes into the right side of your
heart. Then the right side of your heart pumps this blood into your lungs which remove the carbon
dioxide from the blood. When you breathe out, the carbon dioxide goes back into the air.
1. From which was blood with oxygen pumped throughout the body?
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2. What does our body need oxygen for?
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3. Where does blood come back to the heart?
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4. What are the functions of arteries and veins?
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5. How can our body remove carbon dioxide?
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III. Read the article and write the names of the treatments.
Consider the choices ...
Conventional medicine: The beginning of conventional medicine can be traced back to the fifth
century B.C. in ancient Greece. It is based on the scientific study of the human body and illness. In
the last century, there has been great progress in what doctors have been able to do with modern
surgery and new medications. These scientific advances have made conventional medicine the
method many people choose first when they need medical treatment.
Homeopathy: Homeopathy was founded in the late eighteenth century in Germany. It is a low-cost
system of natural medicine used by hundreds of millions of people worldwide. In homeopathy, a
patient’s symptoms are treated with remedies that cause similar symptoms.
Herbal therapy: Herbal medicine, often taken as teas or pills, has been practised for thousands of
years in almost all cultures around the world. In fact, many conventional medicines were discovered
by scientists studying traditional uses of herbs for medical purposes. The World Health Organization
claims that 80% of the world’s population uses some forms of herbal therapy for their regular health
care.
Acupuncture: Acupuncture originated in China over 5,000 years ago. Today, it is used worldwide
for a variety of problems. Acupuncture needles are inserted at certain points on the body to relieve
pain and/or restore health. Many believe acupuncture may be effective in helping people stop
smoking as well.
Spiritual healing: Also known as faith healing, or “mind and body connection”, various forms of
spiritual healing exist around the world. This is a form of healing that uses the mind or religious faith
to treat illness. A number of conventional doctors say that when they have not been able to help a
patient, spiritual healing just may work.
1. When modern medicine and surgeries are unsuccessful, a person might try one of these
treatments. __________________________________________________________________
2. A person who is afraid of needles would not want this treatment. _______________________

3. A person who needs surgery would want this treatment. ______________________________

4. A person who feels strongly that there is a mind and a body connection would choose this
treatment. __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. A lot of conventional medicines are based on the study of this treatment. ________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. A person who is using a remedy that can actually cause the symptoms the person suffers from is
using this treatment. __________________________________________________________

IV. Read the passage and fill in the columns with the food that has the corresponding function.
Foods to boost your brainpower
Like everything else in your body, the brain cannot work without energy. The ability to
concentrate and focus comes from the adequate, steady supply of energy in the form of glucose in
our blood to the brain. We can achieve this by choosing whole grains such as “brown” cereals, bread
and brown pasta which release glucose slowly into the bloodstream, keeping you mentally alert
throughout the day.
 Essential fatty acids which assist in the development and function of the brain and nervous system
cannot be made by the body and must be obtained through diet. Oily fish contains fatty acids in a
ready-made form, which enables the body to use it easily. The main sources of oily fish include
salmon, trout, herring, and sardines. Low fatty acid levels have been linked to a higher risk of
developing Alzheimer's disease and memory loss.
Evidence suggests that the consumption of blueberries and tomatoes may also be effective in
improving or delaying short-term memory loss or Alzheimer's.
Certain B vitamins - B6, B12 and folic acid - are known to reduce levels of homocysteine in the
blood. Elevated levels of homocysteine are associated with increased risk of stroke, thinking
impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.
Just a handful of pumpkin seeds a day is all you need to get your recommended daily amount of
zinc, vital for enhancing memory and thinking skills.
A study suggests that a good intake of vitamin E might help to prevent thinking decline,
particularly in the elderly. Nuts are a great source of vitamin E along with leafy green vegetables,
asparagus, olives, seeds, eggs, brown rice and whole grains.

V. Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow.

Junk Food's Effect On Our Body
Fast food nutrition should make up a minimal part of a healthy diet. Fast foods and junk foods
are high in fat, sodium and sugar, which can lead to obesity and a range of health problems, including
diabetes, heart disease and arthritis.
Junk food doesn't contain the nutrients that your body needs to stay healthy. As a result, you may
feel fatigued and lack the energy you need to complete daily tasks. The high levels of sugar in junk
food puts your metabolism under stress. Because fast food and junk food don't contain adequate
amounts of protein and good carbohydrates, your blood sugar levels will drop suddenly after eating,
leaving you feeling annoyed, tired and craving sugar.
Junk food contains large amounts of fat, and because fat accumulates in your body, you'll gain
weight and could become obese. The more weight you gain, the more you'll be at risk for serious
illnesses. The high levels of fat and sodium in junk food can cause high blood pressure or
hypertension.
In the short term, high levels of dietary fat lead to poor mental performance. You'll feel tired and
have trouble concentrating because your body might not be getting enough oxygen.
The high levels of fat and sodium in junk food and fast food can contribute to heart disease by
raising blood cholesterol levels and contributing to arterial plaque build-up. The high levels of fatty
acids found in many junk foods and fast foods can lead to fatty liver deposits, which, over time, can
cause liver disease.
Task 1: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
6. The amount of sugar in fast food is .
A. providing you with enough energy to complete daily tasks
B. so high that it puts your body under stress
C. leading to obesity and a range of health problems
D. so low that you want to eat much more sugar
7. The main reason that we shouldn't eat much fast food is that .
A. it should make up a minimal part of a healthy diet
B. it contains too much protein and carbohydrate
 C. it has high levels of sugar
D. it doesn't contain the nutrients that keep our body healthy
8. Fast food contains the following items EXCEPT .
A. high blood cholesterol levels B. high levels of fat and sodium
C. high levels of sugar D. high levels of fatty acids
9. Fast food is not good for our heart because .
A. it can lead to fatty liver deposits
B. it may raise blood cholesterol levels and cause high blood pressure
C. it can cause liver disease which can lead to heart disease
D. it makes you feel tired and have trouble concentrating
10. Large amounts of fat in fast food are harmful because .
A. your blood sugar levels will drop suddenly after eating, leaving you feeling annoyed, tired
B. they contain too many nutrients that your body needs to stay healthy
C. you are at risk for serious illnesses and you have poor mental performance
D. they only make up a minimal part of a healthy diet

III. Fill in each blank of the pieces of advice (1-8) with the headlines (A-H), and discuss whether
you agree or disagree with them.
A. Make barriers to your habit
B. Spend more time with people who encourage you
C. Stay positive
D. Break one habit at a time
E. Staying patient
F. Team up with your friend
G. Choose a substitute
H. Find out the causes
1. _________________________________
If you have a few habits, don’t try to break them all at once. Break one bad habit at a time, starting
with the worst one. Find out which habit is harming you the most and begin with that one. If you
get rid of one habit, it will be easier to break the other bad habits.
2. _________________________________
It’s important to know why your habit is harming you and why you can’t break it. Find out your
emotional triggers and work on clearing them.

3. _________________________________
If your friend or family member is going through a similar problem, join them. Help one another
get rid of the bad habit. After all, it’s always better to deal with the problems together than alone.
4. _________________________________
Stop using up your energy and time feeding your bad habit, look for a healthier habit instead. If
you are trying to quit smoking, you can satisfy the craving by munching on a healthy snack. It
will help to distract you and get rid of your bad habit. Just be patient because it will be hard the
first few months.
5. _________________________________
 When you are trying to get rid of your bad habits, surrounding yourself with people who
encourage you to live a happier life is a must. Spend more time with positive people and you will
become more positive as well.
6. _________________________________
If you want to stop eating unhealthy food or biting your nails or whatever, ask your friend or
family member to monitor your bad habit. This action will help make it hard to turn to this bad
habit.
7. _________________________________
Getting rid of a bad habit can be extremely difficult and even painful at times, so remember that
you won't break your bad habits overnight. Everything is possible, when you have this
characteristic to do it.
8. _________________________________
No matter what others say or think about you, you should believe in yourself and do what you
think is right. Believe that you are strong and you are able to break any bad habit. Compliment
yourself every day and tell yourself that you’re the master of your own life and you have the
power to make your life what you want it to be.

E. WRITING
Use the words or phrases given to write meaningful sentences.
Home Remedies To Treat Obesity Naturally
1. Drinking green tea/ twice/ three times/ day/ bring/ you/ visible results/ days.
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2. You/ drink/ glass/ lukewarm water/ one teaspoon/ apple cider vinegar/ and/ one teaspoon/ lemon
juice/ every day/ two/ three months.
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3. This/ help/ burn/ body fats/ effectively.
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4. You/ drink/ glass/ hot water/ a teaspoon/ honey/ when/ you/ get up/ and/ empty stomach.
___________________________________________________________________________
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5. If/ you/ habit/ drinking cold water/ try/ replace/ it/ hot water.
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6. Hot water/ help/ eliminating/ fat deposits/ your body.
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7. A glass/ lukewarm water/ a few drops/ mint leaf juice extract/ effective/ weight loss/ prolonged
use.
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8. Eating regularly food/ hotels, restaurants or roadside food stalls/ increase/ weight/ so/ you/ stick/
home-made foods.
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