1. look the picture.can you guess what the picture is about?

2 can you identify the component of this machine?

3. do you know how each part work?

4. can you mention the different between the machines above any other machine ?

what are they?

5. what the strength and the weakness you find with the mechine above?

6. do you think that the maintenance of the machine is complicated or easy?

7. why do think so?

1.

A. Intake valve,Rocker arm and I.Camshaft

spring J.Exhaust valve,Rocker Arm and
B. Valve cover Spring
C.Intake K.Spark Plug
D.Head L.Exhaust Post
E.Coolant M.Piston
F.Engine block N.Connecting Rod
G.Oil pan O.Rod Bearing
H.Oil sump P.Crankshaft

2.
3. A. Valve : The main function of the engine valves is to let air in and out of the
cylinders
Rocker arm: is an oscillating lever that conveys radial movement from the cam lobe
into linear movement at the poppet valve to open it
Spring: it close the valve again its seat.
B. valve cover: The valve cover protects the valve trains.
C. Intake: is the part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders.
D. Head:
E. coolant: keep engine to constant temperature and keep engine from overheat.
F. Engine block: The function of the engine block is to hold the important components
such as the cylinders and the pistons. The engine block is where combustion of fuel takes
place so that power can be generated.
G. Oil pan : The oil pump is contained inside of the oil pan. It is able to lift the oil from
the pan and send it on its way through the oil filter and the rest of the engine. Parts of the
engine are also exposed behind the oil pan. So, they are protected from hazards of the
road and pieces of debris as long as the oil pan is in place.
H.oil sump :
I. Camshaft : A camshaft is usually a device used to convert circular or rotational motion
into reciprocating or oscillatory motion. It is mostly used in the opening and closing of
the fuel valves in virtually all piston driven internal combustion engines
J.
K. Spark plug :  to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by an electric spark, while
containing combustion pressure within the engine.
L.Exhaust : The exhaust manifold (or "header" if made of separately welded tubes)
moves spent combustion gases from the engine's exhaust ports to a central collection
point ("collector")
M.Piston : is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas
compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving
component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings.
N.Connecting Rod : connects the piston to the crank or crankshaft. 
O: Rod Bearing : provide rotating motion of the crank pin within the connecting rod,
which transmits cycling loads applied to the piston. Connecting rod bearings are mounted
in the Big end of the connecting rod. A bearing consists of two parts (commonly
interchangeable).
P: Crankshaft : The crankshaft is part of an engine that converts reciprocating linear
piston motion into rotation
 4. Different

Diesel Engine Petrol Engine

Engines designed to convert the chemical energy available in fuel into mechanical
energy. This mechanical energy moves pistons up and down inside cylinders. The pistons are
connected to a crankshaft, and the upand-down motion of the pistons, known as linear motion,
creates the rotary motion needed to turn the wheels of a car forward.
Both diesel engines and gasoline engines covert fuel into energy through a series of small
explosions or combustions. The major difference between diesel and gasoline is the way these
explosions happen. In a gasoline engine, fuel is mixed with air, compressed by pistons and
ignited by sparks from spark plugs. In a diesel engine, however, the air is compressed first, and
then the fuel is injected. Because air heats up when it's compressed, the fuel ignites.

5. Diesel Engine.
 Strength : Diesel engines generally last longer, have more torque, and are more
fuel efficient.
 Weakness : less acceleration, expensive component, noisy

Petrol Engine.
 Strength : Gasoline (petrol) engines are usually less expensive, quieter, easier to
deal with in cold temperatures, and cheaper to repair and maintain.
 Weakness : component easy to burn, more electrical component,
6. I think maintenance petrol machine is easy because the machine is simple.
7.