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Wind-Moment Design of Low Rise Frames (Overview)
Wind-Moment Design of Low Rise Frames (Overview)
Contents
• Introduction
• Basis of Recommendation
• Range of Application
• Design for Ultimate Limit State
• Design for Serviceability Limit State
• Design Example
– Portal Method of Analysis
1
Introduction
Definitions:
Braced frame:
– Frames not providing lateral stability.
– Consider only gravity load
Unbraced frame:
– Frames providing lateral stability.
– Consider gravity load and horizontal load.
Bracing
member
2
Basic Methods of Providing Lateral
Stability
Masonry
infill
Rigid
connection
3
Wind-Moment
Wind-Moment
4
Wind-Moment Method
Frame idealisation
Basis of Recommendations
5
Basis of Recommendations
• Range of study
Minimum Maximum
Number of storeys 2 8
Number of bays 1 4
Bay width 4.5 m 9.0 m
Storey height (bottom storey) 4.5 m 6.0 m
Storey height (elsewhere) 3.5 m 5.0 m
Dead load on floors 3.50 kN/m2 5.00 kN/m2
Imposed load on floors 4.00 kN/m2 7.50 kN/m2
Dead load on roof 3.75 kN/m2 3.75 kN/m2
Imposed load on roof 1.50 kN/m2 1.00 kN/m2
Basic wind speed 37 m/s 52 m/s
Range of Application
6
Range of Application
Out - of plane
plane frame
Range of Application
7
Range of Application
• Structural section
– Grade 43 or 50 steel or steel having similar structural
properties.
Range of Application
• Beam-to-column connections
– Extended end-plate or flush end-plate connections should
be used.
• Column bases
– Should be rigidly connected to foundations.
8
Range of Application
• Loading
– Total unfactored dead and imposed load on any
floor should not exceed 12.5 kN/m2.
– wind load should be based on a basic wind speed
of 37 m/s.
– wind load should not be such that it controls the
design of any beam.
• Load
L d combinations
bi ti
– 1.4 (Dead load) + 1.6 (Imposed load) + notional
horizontal forces*.
9
Design for ULS - Beams
• Design
es g oof bea
beams
s
– Section should be Class 1, Plastic (Clause 3.5)
(must be able to form plastic hinges to prevent
premature failure by local buckling).
• Effective
ect e lengths
e gt s for
o compression
co p ess o
resistance, Pc :
– For in-plane behaviour (bending about major axis)
LE = 1.5 L
– For out-of-plane behaviour (bending about minor
axis)
i )
LE = 1.0 L
- assuming the frame being effectively held against
out-of-plane sway.
10
Design for ULS - Columns
• E
Equivalent
i l slenderness
l d ffor b
buckling
kli
resistance moment, Mb :
– The slenderness λLT should be taken as
λLT = 0.5 (L/ry)
• Class of section
– Sections should be Class 1, Plastic
Fc M x My
+ + ≤1.0
Pc M Py Z y
bs
11
Design for SLS
Work Example
12