Channel Configuration and Random Access

Overview
 DCCH
UL-SCH PUSCH
DTCH
PUCCH
UL

CCCH RACH PRACH

DRS
SRS
MTCH
MCH PMCH
MCCH
Transport channels
Logical channels

RS
Upper Layers

Air interface
MAC
RLC

PHY
Synch
Overview - Channels

PDCCH
DL

DTCH
PCFICH
DCCH
DL-SCH
PHICH
CCCH
PCCH PCH PDSCH
BCCH BCH PBCH
 DL Physical Channels Allocation
• RS/DTX: Reference Signal
– Occupies at least 8 RE per RB(84 RE for normal CP ) RB
throughout the whole system bandwidth
• PSS/SSS: Primary/Secondary Synchronisation Signal
– Occupies the central 72 subcarriers across 2
symbols
• PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel
– Occupies the central 72 subcarriers across 4
symbols
• PCFICH: Physical Control Format Indication Channel
– Occupies up to 16 RE per TTI
• PHICH: Physical HARQ Indication Channel
– Occupies 12 RE, and Tx during 1st symbol of each
TTI or alternativ during symbols 1 to 3 of each TTI
• PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel
– Occupies the REs not used by PCFICH and PHICH
and Reference Signals within the first 1, 2 or 3
symbols of each TTI
• PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
– Is allocated the RE not used by signals or other
physical channels
 UL Physical Channels and Reference Signals
• PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel
– Intended for user data (carries traffic for multiple UEs) and control data
– If control data is to be sent when traffic data is being transmitted, UE
multiplexes both streams together
CCCH DCCH DTCH Logical
• PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel RLC
– Carries H-ARQ Ack/Nack indications, uplink scheduling request, CQIs and
MIMO feedback
– Only control information is sent. The UE uses Resources Element at the
edges of the channel RACH Transport

• PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel UL-SCH MAC

– SIB2 indicates the resource elements for PRACH use
– System Information contains a list of allowed preambles (64 per cell) and the
required length of the preamble. PHYS.

• DRS: Demodulation Reference Signal PRACH

PUSCH PUCCH
– For uplink demodulation and channel estimate

• SRS: Sounding Reference Signal (not included in RL30)

– For uplink channel aware scheduling
Overview – Control Information
CQI, PMI, RI,
ACK/NACK CQI, PMI, RI,
ACK/NACK
SR

eNode B

CQI: Channel Quality Indicator

PMI: Precoding Matrix Indicator
DL control
RI: Rank Indicator
configuration
SR: Scheduling Request
1x per cell

RNTI
DL scheduling ACK: Acknowledgement
UL Grant
NACK: Negative Acknowledgement
UL Power Control
RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Indicator
n x per cell
HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Retransmission
reQuest
HARQ Info
Generic - Bandwidth
• Channel bandwidth: Bandwidths ranging from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz
• Data subcarriers: They vary with the bandwidth
– 72 for 1.4MHz to 1200 for 20MHz

FDD Carrier Number of

Bandwidth PRB
[MHz]
1.4 6

3 15

5 25

10 50

15 75

20 100

ulChBw / dlChBw
Defines the UL and DL bandwidth and the
Nokia Huawei Ericssons
number of available Physical Resource Blocks
MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL; 5MHz(2), 10MHz(3), 15MHz(4), LNCEL dlChBw Cell DlBandWidth EUtranCellFDD dlChannelBandwidth
20MHz(5); 10 MHz(3) LNCEL ulChBw Cell UlBandWidth EUtranCellFDD ulChannelBandwidth
Generic - Carrier Frequency and Bandwidth (FDD)

... ...

EARFCN Bandwidth
100 kHz FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL – NOffs-DL) NUL : earfcnUL UL: ulChBw
NDL : earfcnDL DL: dlChBw
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL – NOffs-UL)

earfcnUL/ earfcnDL
Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
LNCEL; 0...65535; 1; -
Note: Supported bands RL30: Band 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,
10,18, 19, 20, 24

Nokia Huawei Ericssons

earfcnUL = earfcnDL + 18000 MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL earfcnUL Cell UlEarfcn EUtranCellFDD earfcnul
*Noffs-DL & Noffs-UL specified by LNCEL earfcnDL Cell DlEarfcn EUtranCellFDD earfcndl
TS 36.101 for each band
EUTRA Channel Numbers

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL – NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL – NOffs-UL)

Example TSEL has band3 with eARFCN DL= 1875

FDL = 1805 MHz + 0.1 (1875 – 1200) MHz

= 1805 MHz + 0.1 (675) MHz
= 1872.5 MHz

EARFCN UL = EARFCN DL + 18000 = 19875

FUL = 1710 MHz + 0.1 (19875 – 19200) MHz
= 1710 MHz + 0.1 (675) MHz
Example (band 12) = 1777.5 MHz
FUL = 708 MHz = 698 MHz + 0.1 (23100 – 23000) MHz
FDL = 738 MHz = 728 MHz + 0.1 (5100 – 5000) MHz
Generic - Physical Layer Cell Id
• Physical Layer Cell Identity is used to differentiate neighbor cells
• It consists of the two parts; Physical layer Cell Identity Group and Physical layer Identity
• Physical Layer Cell Identity = 3 x Physical layer Cell Identity Group + Physical layer Identity
• Decoded during synchronization using primary and secondary sync signal
• As a result of cell search the UE should acquire:
– PHY cell ID
Strongest Signal
– 10ms and 5ms timing periodicity PSS dan SSS setiap 5ms
– CP length CP bisa diketahui UE dari selisis waktu PSS dan SSS apakah normal/extended karena hasilnya akan berbeda
– Duplex mode (TDD/FDD)
Cell ID Group 0
(3 L1 id’s) Primary
Synchronization Signal

phyCellId: Cell ID Group i

L1 id, slot (0/10)
168 Cell ID (3 L1 id’s)
Physical Cell Id groups
LNCEL; 0..503; 1; -
(Range; Step; Default) Secondary
Synchronisation Signal
Group 167
Nokia Huawei Ericssons Phy L Cell ID
MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter Physical Layer
Cell ID, Frame
LNCEL phyCellId Cell PhyCellId physicalLayerCellIdGroup * 3 + Alignment
physicalLayerSubCellId
EUtranCellFDD physicalLayerCellIdGroup
EUtranCellFDD physicalLayerSubCellId
Generic - Time Structure (Frame Type 1)
Radio frame = 10 ms

19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0

subframe = 1 ms

Df = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Normal Prefix

Slot = 15360 Ts = 500µs

CP
CP

CP

CP

CP

CP
CP Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol

144 Ts = 4.69 µs
160 Ts

Df = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Extended Prefix

CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol

512 Ts = 16.7 µs
Tcp = Ncp Ts Symbol Tsym = 2048 Ts = 66.67 µs

Cyclic Prefix OFDM Symbol (Time Domain Samples)

x2047-Ncp, … x2047 x0, x1, …, x2047 Df = 7.5 kHz, UL/DL - Extended Prefix
CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol

1024 Ts = 33.3 µs
Generic – Time Structure and CP length
• Subframe length is 1 ms for all bandwidths
• Slot length is 0.5 ms
– 1 Subframe= 2 slots
• Slot carries 7 symbols with normal cyclic prefix or 6 symbols with
extended prefix
– CP length depends on the symbol position within the slot:
▪ Normal CP: symbol 0 in each slot has CP= 160 x Ts (5.21μs and
remaining symbols CP= 144 x Ts ( 4.7μs)
▪ Extended CP: CP length for all symbols in the slot is 512 x Ts ( 16.67µs)
Ts: ‘sampling time’ of the overall
Short cyclic prefix: channel. Basic Time Unit.
1 sec
5.21 s Ts =
Subcarrier spacing X max FFT size
Long cyclic prefix:
1 sec
16.67 s =
= Data 15kHz X 2048

= Cyclic prefix Copy = 32.5nsec

DL Channels and Signals
 RS
Synch
DL - Channels and Signals Overview

DCI PDCCH
CFI PCFICH
HI PHICH
Upper Layers

Air interface
RLC

PHY
MAC
MTCH
MCH PMCH
MCCH
DTCH
DCCH
DL-SCH PDSCH
CCCH
PCCH PCH
BCCH BCH PBCH
Synch Signals – Time and Frequency
Slot id: 0 1 2 . . ..10.. ..19 0 1

DTX

Secondary Synchronisation Signal (SSS)

Primary Synchronisation Signal (PSS)

180 kHz

0.5 ms
PSS Primary Synchronisation Signal

Time slot (0.5 ms) syncronization

• PSS placed strategically at the beginning and middle of frame
• Estimation is vendor specific (matched filtering)
• Frame ambiguity of 0.5 ms

Find physical layer cell ID

• 1 out of 3 sequences sent on PSS
• 1 to 1 mapping with the physical cell ID (table specified by 3GPP*)
• The cell ID group not known yet

UE
eNodeB

* 3GPP TS 36.211
SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal

Frame (10 ms) synchronization

• 2 different sequences depending on the cell group are sent: SSS0 and SSS1
• By observing the combination of pairs SSS0 and SSS1 the UE can identify either the
begining or the middle of the frame
• Example: the sequence SSS0-PSS is indicating the begining of the frame, SSS1-PSS the
middle of the frame

Find physical layer cell ID group

• Sequences SSS0 and SSS1 are mapped with the cell id group 1..168 (table specified by
3GPP*)
• The combination of SSS0 and SSS1 is giving the cell ID group

* 3GPP TS 36.211
Sample PSS & SSS Decoding Result (QXDM)

PSS value : 0, 1 or 2 Cell ID decoded SSS on Pre and

with PSS and SSS Mid Frame
Reference Signals
• Common Reference Signals (CRS):
– Cell-specific
– FDM/TDMuxed
– Defined per antenna port
– F-density 6 sub-carriers (or 3 sub-carriers if staggered structure is considered)
– BW invariant mapping to REs
– Used for:
▪ Channel estimation (in case of CRS-based transmission with known/signaled
precoding)
▪ Mobility measurements
▪ Auxiliary UE functions like:
• Time tracking
• Frequency tracking
• Cell ID verification
• CP length verification
*Staggered structure with multiple antenna
ports (see next slide)
How Many Reference Signals? (1)

Frequency
First slot Second slot
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
In Frequency: 1 reference symbol to
every 6th subcarrier
In one RB (resource block = 12
subcarriers): every 3rd subcarrier

Exact position dependent on cell ID

Reference signal

*Normal CP (cyclic prefix) assumed

Time
In Time is fixed: 2 reference symbols per
Time slot (TS 0 & TS 4)
3GPP TS 36.211 V8.6.0 (2009-03)
Different Reference Signals Frequency Shift

Frequency
Shift = 0 Shift = 1 Shift = 5

Time
Reference signal
Cell-specific Reference Signals in Case of Multi-Antenna
Transmission

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1

Reference signal Unused symbol

Incremental Time-Frequency Structure of
Cell-specific Reference Signal

R0 R0
One antenna port
One antenna port

R0 R0

R0 R0

R0 R0
l0 l6 l0 l6
l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6

Resource Element (RE) k, l

Resource element (k,l)
Two antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1
Two antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port (DTX)
Not used for transmission on this antenna port

R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols (RS) on this antenna port
Reference symbols on this antenna port

R0 R0 R1 R1
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6 l=0 ……...... 6, 0 ……….. 6
Four antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
Four antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3

Huawei - Reference Signals Power Setting
• Cell Reference Signal power value can be tune with parameter PDSCHCfg.ReferenceSignalPwr for
Huawei.
• Reference Signal power for Nokia and Ericssons EUTRAN calculated from Total Power and CRSGain
Parameter

Parameter Huawei Value Nokia Value Ericssons Value ZTE Value

CRS Power [PDSCHCfg] 18.2 dBm for N/A. - N/A. - [EUtranCellFDD] 12 dBm
ReferenceSignalPwr 20 watt 40000 cellReferenceSignalPower
CRS power 430 (20 watt) CRS power calculated from
calculated from 1000 (0 dB) [SectorEquipmentFunction] 300 (3 dB)
[LNCEL] pMax configuredOutputPower
and
[LNCEL] dlRsBoost And

[EUtranCellFDD] crsGain
PBCH Design Criteria

Detectable without the knowledge of system Bandwidth

→ mapped to the central 72 subcarriers
→ over 4 symbols
→ during second slot of each frame

Low system overhead & good coverage

• Send minimum information → only the MIB (Master Information Block)
• SIBs (System Information Blocks) are sent on PDSCH

MIB (Master Information Block) content:

– DL system Bandwidth
– PHICH configuration (PHICH group number)
UE
– System frame number SFN eNodeB
Physical Broadcast Channel
• PBCH carriers essential system information like: The MIB is a 24 bit information :
– DL BW configuration • 3 bits for system bandwidth
– PHICH configuration • 3 bits for PHICH information,
• 1 bit to indicate normal or extended PHICH
– System Frame Number (8 MSB bits) • 2 bit to indicate the PHICH Ng value
• PBCH enables blind detection of: • 8 bits for system frame number
– DL antenna configuration {1TX, 2TX, 4TX} via CRC masking* • 10 bits are reserved for future use
– 40 ms timing (2 LSB bits of SFN) via 40ms scrambling

* for decoding the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)

each MIB is masked with a codeword representing the
number of transmit antenna ports.
Physical Layer Downlink
DL-Physical Data & Control Channels

PBCH One MIB (information bits + spare bits + CRC)

Code and rate-matching (repetition) to number of bits available on PBCH in 40 ms

Segmentation into four equal sized individually self-decodable units

40 ms transmission time interval of PBCH

Used bandwidth

6 RBs

One radio frame

PBCH

Synchronization signals
1 RB

Reserved for reference singals

Remark: PBCH does not use blocks reserved for reference signals

One subframe (2 slots) 1 ms

PBCH Mapping
Slot 0 Slot 1

Frequency
6 RBs – 72 subcarriers = 1.4 MHz
(minimum LTE Bandwidth)
SSS

PSS

Reference signals

Unused RE

PBCH

Time

First Subframe (1 ms)

PBCH Repetition Pattern

one radio frame = 10 ms

72 subcarriers

Repetition Pattern of PBCH = 40 ms

Cell Search

1. PSS Primary Synchronisation Signal

(Time-slot & Frequency synchronisation
+ Physical cell id (0,1,2) )

2. SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal

(Frame synchronisation
+ Physical Cell id group (1..168) )

3. DL Reference Signals
(Channel estimation & measurements)
UE

eNodeB
4. PBCH – Physical Broadcast Channel
(MIB – DL system bandwidth, PHICH
configuration)
Physical Layer Downlink
DL-Physical Data & Control Channels

PCFICH
• General
– Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) carries the CFI (Control Format Indicator)
▪ (Indicates the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission of control channel information in each subframe)
– Carriers dedicated to MBSFN have no physical control channel and therefore no PCFICH
– 4 code words defined
▪ 3 CFIs used and one reserved for future use (see table below)
CFI CFI codeword <b0, b1, b2,……b31> PCFICH information is 2 bits, with
1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1> coding rate = 1/16 --> then 2 bit will be
2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0> transmitted on 2 * 16
3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,> = 32 bit
= 16 RE (QPSK modulation)
4 (reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,>
= 4 REG
• Transmitted
– In the first OFDM symbol in a subframe
– The 32 bits of the CFI are mapped to 16 REs using QPSK modulation
– PCFICH is transmitted on the same antenna ports as the PBCH (1Tx, SFBC, SFBC-FSTD)
– Cell specific offset is added
– Cell specific scrambling
PCFICH Mapping to Resource Elements
• The mapping is done in terms of quadruplets of modulation symbols for each antenna port
• A quadruplet is defined as d(4i), d(4i+1), d(4i+2), d(4i+3)
• Reference symbols REs are always reserved for at least 2Tx antennas
• The four quadruplets shall be mapped to four resource element groups (REG) (aka mini-CCE) in the first OFDM symbol
– Example: 72 subcarriers case (1.4 MHz):
frequency

Ant 0 d0 d1 d2 d3

Ant 1 -d1 * d0* -d3 * d2*

frequency frequency

Resource
element Ant 0 d0 d1
group Starting position depends on
cell id Ant 1 d2 d3
Distance between mini-CCEs
-d1 * d0*
  
Ant 2
k N scRB 2 cell
N ID DL
mod 2 N RB
N RBDL 2  N scRB 2 Ant 3 -d3 * d2*
Sample PCFICH Decoding Result (QXDM)

Sub Frame CFI value,

number 0 to 9 1 means PDCCH size is one OFDM
 read
Nokia Huawei
MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL phichDur PHICHCfg PhichDuration
PHICH LNCEL phichRes PHICHCfg PhichResource

• For HARQ ACK/NACK signaling the PHICH is deployed. Sequence

Index
Orthogonal sequence
Normal CP Extended CP
• A PHICH is defined by its PHICH group number and an orthogonal sequence number within
0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
the group.
1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
• PHICH modulation is BPSK. Applying I/Q separation and an SF=4 yields 8 orthogonal 2 +1 +1 -1 -1 +j +j
sequences for normal CP. SF 2 is in use in case of extended CP, hence there are 4 orthogonal 3 +1 -1 -1 +1 +j -j
sequences. I,e. in total there may be 8 .. 224 PHICHs in one subframe. 4 +j +j +j +j
• Example: BW=15 subcarriers normal CP, Ng=1/6,  1 PHICH group. 12 symbols are to be 5 +j -j +j -j
transmitted. 6 +j +j -j -j
• NRBDL : DL BW / RBs 7 +j -j -j +j

• Ng = 1/6, 1/2, *1,* 2. setting: phichRes

e.g. 20 MHz
*Necessary with semi-persistent scheduling
phichRes phichRes 1/6 1/2 1 2
#PHICH groups #PHICH groups 3 7 13 25
LNCEL; 1/6; ½; 1; 2; 1/6 # scheduled UE 24 56 104 200


N g N RB DL
8  for normal cyclic prefix
group

 
N each PHICH group for normal CP has 8 orthogonal
2  N g N RB 8 
PHICH DL
for extended cyclic prefix sequence that means can support 8 user
3 PHICH groups = 3 * 8 user = 24 user
Number of RBs
each PHICH group have 12 symbols = 3 REG
More PHICH group, means more REG for PHICH
PHICH Association and Resource Indication
PhichDur
PHICH on symb. 1 / 1- 3
LNCEL; Normal (0), Extended (1); 1; Normal(0)
• PHICH duration:
– 1 or 3 OFDM symbols in normal subframes (indicated via PBCH)
• PHICH linked to UL PRB
• Scattered grouping - spreads out the PHICH of adjacent PRBs to different PHICH groups
• When DM-RS Cyclic Shift index is configured in UL grant, use DM-RS CS index as modifier to adjust PHICH
allocation
– Avoid PHICH collision e.g. in case of UL MU-MIMO
– Balance power among PHICH groups
• PHICH indexing:
– Both index of the group and within the group depend on first UL PRB index and UL DM-RS Cyclic Shift

DM-RS CS: Demodulation Reference Signal Cyclic Shift

PDCCH Overview
• The PDCCH carries the UL & DL scheduling assignments
• A PDCCH is transmitted on an aggregation of one 1, 2, 4 or 8 control channel elements (CCE). A CCE consists
of 36 REs (9 REG)
• The aggregations of CCEs have a tree structure, where an aggregation consisting of n CCEs starts on position
(i mod n), where i is the CCE number
• Further restrictions on the aggregations are defined with a Hashing function

pdcchAggDefUE
PDCCH LA UE default aggregation;
used, when enableAmcPdcch disabled
or no valid CQI exists PDCCH Number of Number of resource- Number of
format CCEs element groups PDCCH bits
LNCEL; 1(0), 2 (1), 4 (2), 8 (3); -; 4 (2) 0 1 9 72
1 2 18 144
2 4 36 288
3 8 72 576
DL - L1/L2 control info: PDCCH Resources
• The MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH parameter defines how many OFDM symbols can be used.
• eNB selects the actual value for each TTI, which is signaled to UE in PCFICH.
• Range: 1, 2, 3 (BW > 1.4 MHz); maxNrSymPdcch
• Range: 2, 3, 4 (BW = 1.4 MHz) LNCEL; 1..3; 1; 3
• setting: maxNrSymPdcch
• Example shows dynamic case for MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=3 (yellow)

Nokia Huawei Ericssons

MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL maxNrSymPdcch CellPdcchAlgo InitPdcchSymNum EUtranCellFDD nrOfSymbolsPdcch
LNCEL actLdPdcch CellPdcchAlgo PdcchSymNumSwitch EUtranCellFDD pdcchCfiMode
LNCEL enableAmcPdcch CellPdcchAlgo PdcchAggLvlCLAdjustSwitch
Downlink Control Information (DCI) PDCCH membawa DCI)

• A DCI transports control information for one MAC ID, which is implicitly signaled in the CRC.
– Format 0
▪ Used for defining the transmission of PUSCH assignments
– Format 1
▪ Used for defining the transmission of PDSCH assignments for single codeword (SCW) operation
– Format 1A
▪ Compact form for the transmission of PDSCH assignments for SCW operation*. Has same size as format 0
– Format 1B
▪ Compact form like 1A but supports closed-loop rank 1 precoding
– Format 1C
▪ Signaling for PCH, RACH & BCCH on DL SCH (aka dynamic BCCH)
– Format 1D
▪ Like DCI 1A but supports power offsets for DL MU-MIMO and TPMI
– Format 2
▪ Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Closed-Loop MIMO operation
– Format 2A
▪ Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Open-Loop MIMO operation
– Format 3
▪ Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0
– Format 3A
▪ Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0

DCI Format 1 (all): DCI formats 2 & 2A:

PDSCH resource assignment provide PDSCH assignments
for closed loop or open loop
when no Spatial Multiplexing used
spatial multiplexing
* allocating a dedicated preamble signature
to a UE for contention-free random access
Sample PDCCH decoding Result (QXDM)

Aggregation Level DCI format Start CCE

0  PUSCH Assignment
2A  DL SCH Assignment for Open Loop MIMO
Sample PDCCH decoding Result (QXDM)
Sample PDCCH decoding Result (QXDM)

• See channel_lte.isf log file. Find 0xB16C LTE DCI Information Report
Physical Layer Downlink Summary
DL-Physical Data & Control Channel

Frequency

SSS

PSS

PBCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDCCH

Reference signals

PDSCH UE1

PDSCH UE2 Time

Exercise: PDCCH Resources
Task:
• Consider cell configuration: BW=50 PRB, 2 antenna ports, normal CP
• MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=2
• Ng = 1/6

Calculate the number of available PDCCHs.

Assume for frequency of occurancies of different aggregation levels (AL)
AL4 is 2 times the frequency of AL8
AL2 is 2 times the frequency of AL4
AL1 is 1/2 times the frequency of AL2
Solution: PDCCH Resources
Task:
• Consider cell configuration: BW=50 PRB, 2 antenna ports, normal CP
• MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=2
• Ng = 1/6

Calculate the max number of PDCCHs.

Solution:
- 1st symbol yields 2 REGs per PRB x 50 PRB = 100 REGs (because of the reference signals)
- 2nd yields 3 x 50 = 150 REGs. Total: 250 REGs. (no reference signals ) 100 + 150 = 250 PDCCH

- 4 REGs for PCFICH, 2x3=6 for PHICH  240 REGs remain for PDCCH 250 - 10 = 240
- 240 div 9 = 26 CCEs are available
- For 1 distribution 1xAL8 + 2xAL4 + 4xAL2+2xAL1

Assumption: aggregation level 8 = 1x

- Aggregation level 8  1x = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 4  2x = 2 * 4 CCEs = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 2  2 * (2x) = 4x = 4 * 2 CCEs = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 1  0.5 * 4x = 2x = 2 * 1 CCE = 2 CCEs

Total PDCCH = 1 AL8 + 2 AL4 + 4 AL2 + 2 AL 1 =1 + 2 + 4 + 2 = 9 PDCCH

26 CCEs are consumed for 9 PDCCH.

UL Channels and Signals
UL Channel Mapping

Upper Layers

RLC

DCCH
CCCH

DTCH

MAC
UL-SCH

RACH
UCI

PHY
PUSCH

PUCCH

PRACH

DRS

SRS
Air interface
 UE Channel state information (CSI) feedback types in LTE

• The purpose of CSI feedback is to provide the eNodeB information about DL

channel state to help in the scheduling decision.
• Compared to the WCDMA/HSPA, the main new feature in the channel feedback is
the frequency selectivity of the report
• CSI is measured by the UE and signaled to the eNodeB using PUCCH or PUSCH

(1) eNodeB
transmission
• Channel state information in LTE can be divided into three categories:
➢ CQI - Channel Quality Indicator
➢ RI - Rank Indicator (2) UE CSI
measurement
➢ PMI - Precoding Matrix Indicator (3) UE
• In general the CSI reported by the UE is just a recommendation feedback

➢ The eNodeB does not need to follow it

• The corresponding procedure for providing UL channel state information is called

Channel Sounding; it is done using the Sounding Reference Symbols, SRS (not
considered in this presentation)
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)

CQI index modulatio coding rate x efficiency

n 1024

0 out of range
• The most important part of channel feedback is the CQI 1 QPSK 78 0.1523

• The CQI is defined as a table containing 16 entries with modulation 2 QPSK 120 0.2344

and coding schemes (MCSs) 3 QPSK 193 0.3770

4 QPSK 308 0.6016

• The UE shall report back the highest CQI index corresponding to the 5 QPSK 449 0.8770
MCS for which the transport block BLER shall not exceed 10% 6 QPSK 602 1.1758

7 16QAM 378 1.4766

8 16QAM 490 1.9141

9 16QAM 616 2.4063

10 64QAM 466 2.7305

11 64QAM 567 3.3223

12 64QAM 666 3.9023

UE reports highest MCS that it can
decode with a TB Error rate < 10% 13 64QAM 772 4.5234

 taking into account UE’s receiver 14 64QAM 873 5.1152

characteristic 15 64QAM 948 5.5547

* Efficiency is defined as number of bits

per resource elements
Rank Indicator (RI)

• Rank Indicator is only relevant when the UE is operating in MIMO modes with spatial
multiplexing
– For single antenna operation or TX diversity it is not used
• RI is the UEs recommendation for the number of layers to be used in spatial multiplexing
• The RI can have values {1 or 2} with 2-by-2 antenna configuration and {1, 2, 3, or 4} with
4-by-by antenna configuration
• The RI is always associated to one or more CQI reports

riEnable
Determines whether RI reporting is
Nokia Huawei
enabled (true) or not (false)
MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL; true (1); false(0); false (0) LNCEL riEnable CellDlschAlgo DlRankDetectSwitch
Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI)
• PMI provides information about the preferred Precoding Matrix
• Just like RI, also PMI is relevant to MIMO operation only
– MIMO operation with PMI feedback is called Closed Loop MIMO

* PMI to support CL
Spatial Mux MIMO

Example: codebook for 2 TX antennas

Periodic and Aperiodic Reporting
• The channel feedback reporting in LTE is divided into two main categories:
Periodic and Aperiodic
cqiPerNp
CQI periodicity
LNCEL; 2; 5; 10; 20; 20 ms
Periodic reporting
• The baseline mode for CQI/PMI/RI
transmission is periodic reporting on
PUCCH
• If the UE is scheduled to send UL data in
the subframe where it should transmit
periodic CQI/PMI/RI, the periodic report is
moved to PUSCH and multiplexed with data
• The eNodeB configures the periodicity
parameters
• The size of a single report is limited up to
about 11 bits depending on the reporting
mode
• Limited amount of frequency information
CQIAperEnable
enabling / disabling aperiodic CQI
/RI/PMI reporting on PUSCH.
LNCEL; false/true; true
Aperiodic Reporting
• Aperiodic reports are explicitly
triggered by the eNodeB using a
specific bit in the PDCCH UL grant
• Aperiodic report can be either
piggybacked with data or sent alone
on PUSCH
• Possibility for large and detailed
reports (up to more than 60 bits)
The two modes can also be used to complement
each other:
- The UE can be e.g. configured to send
Aperiodic reports only when it is scheduled,
while periodic reports can provide coarse
channel information on a regular basis
Categorization of CQI/PMI/rank reporting options
cqiAperMode
Aperiodic CQI feedback mode The maximum number of feedback bits
LNCEL; FBT1(0) – familly modes 2-x, FBT2(1)- familiy modes 3-x for each option Assuming 20 MHz BW
(x defined by MIMO algorithm internal in eNodeB); FBT2 (1) and 4*4 CL MIMO is listed excluding RI
- With Periodic reporting RI is sent in
Single or Multi-PMI = closed loop separate subframes with potentially
MIMO with PMI feedback LTE CQI reporting family larger periodicity
No PMI = Single antenna, TxDiv or - In Aperiodic reporting The RI is
OL MIMO tree separately coded with each CQI/PMI
report

Periodic Aperiodic

Wideband Frequency selective Single CQI Best-M Average Full Feedback

Multi PMI No PMI Multi-PMI No PMI Single PMI

No PMI Single PMI No PMI Single PMI
1-2 Mode 2-0 Mode 2-2 Mode 3-0 Mode 3-1
Mode 1-0 Mode 1-1 Mode 2-0 Mode 2-1 *See TS 36.213
60 bits 24 bits 38 bits 30 bits 64 bits
4 bits 11 bits 6 bits 11 bits
CQI Aperiodic Reporting on PUSCH (1/2)

• Compared to the WCDMA/HSPA, the main new feature in the channel feedback is the frequency selectivity
of the report
– This is an enabler for the Frequency Domain packet Scheduling (FDPS)
• Since providing a full 4-bit CQI for all the PRBs would mean excessive UL signaling overhead, some feedback
compression schemes are used
• In order to reduce feedback, the CQI is reported per subband basis
– The size of the subbands varies depending on the reporting mode and system bandwidth
• The main compression methods are:
– Wideband feedback
– Best-M average also called UE selected subband feedback
– Full Feedback also called Higher Layer Configured subband feedback
• Additionally, Delta compression can be used
– E.g. in MIMO case the CQI for the 2nd Code Word can be signaled as a 3-bit delta relative to the CQI of the CQI of
the 1st CW
CQI Aperiodic Reporting on PUSCH (2/2)
• Wideband feedback
– Only a single CQI value is fed back for the whole system band
– Cannot be utilized in FDPS (Frequency Domain Packet Scheduler)
• Best-M average also called UE selected sub-band feedback
– For the M best sub-band an average CQI value is reported
M = 3 best Subbands are selected and an average CQI value is reported

BW / Sub- # best
An example of Best-M RB band Sub-
Average reporting with size bands
Channel SINR
3 MHz BW (15 RBs (RBs) M
means that the sub- 6-7 NA NA
band size is 2 RBs
8-10 2 1
and the best 3 sub-
bands are reported) 11-26 2 3
27-63 3 5
64-110 4 6
Subband index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PRB index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

• Full Feedback also called Higher Layer Configured sub-band feedback

– A separate CQI is reported for each sub-band using Delta compression
CQI Reporting Config – Sample message
RRCConnectionSetup TS36.213 (Tables 7.2.2-1A and 7.2.2-1B).
CQI Periodic Reporting on PUCCH or PUSCH

• Wideband feedback or UE selected sub-band

• Period configurable
cqiPerNp
– 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ms CQI periodicity
• Wideband feedback similar to aperiodic reporting LNCEL; 2; 5; 10; 20; 40; 80; 20 ms

• UE selected sub-band:
– A single CQI result per report
– The total number of sub-bands is divided into J fractions called bandwidth parts
– Only the best sub-band per BW part is reported
– Example: for 3 MHz there are 4 RBs per sub-band so there are 15/4 = 4 sub-bands. Those 4 sub-bands are divided into 2 BW parts
which means that there are 2 sub-bands per BW part.*
• Configured by higher layer signaling
BW / RB Subband BW Parts (J)
Size k Nokia Huawei
(RBs) MO Parameter MO Parameter
6-7 NA NA LNCEL cqiPerNp CqiAdaptiveCfg UserCqiPeriodCfg
CqiAdaptiveCfg PucchPeriodicCqiOptSwitch
8-10 4 1 LNCEL actULGrpHop PUSCHCfg GroupHoppingEnabled
PUSCHCfg GroupAssignPUSCH
11-26 4 2
LNCEL deltaPucchShift PUCCHCfg DeltaShift
27-63 6 3 LNCEL pucchnanCS PUSCHCfg CyclicShift
* A sub-band index is also signaled LNCEL nCqiRb PUCCHCfg CqiRbNum
64-110 8 4
Uplink Control Signaling:
PUCCH vs. PUSCH Single carrier limitations:
Simultaneous transmission of PUCCH and PUSCH is
not allowed. Separate control resources for the cases
with and without UL data are required

• PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) • PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared

– Used when the UE is not sending data Channel)
simultaneously – Used when the UE transmits also
– Shared frequency and time resource data
reserved exclusively for the UEs
transmitting only L1/L2 control signals – UE-specific resource that can be
used for L1/L2 control signaling
– Optimized for large number of (based on scheduling decisions
simultaneous UEs with relatively small
number of control signaling bits per UE made by Node B)
(1…11) – Capable to transmit control signals
– Very high multiplexing capacity, with large range of supported
spectral efficiency e.g. control sizes (1… 64 bits)
▪ 18 UEs/RB transmitting ACK/NACK – TDM between control and data
(PUCCH Format 1a/1b)
(multiplexing is made prior DFT)
▪ 6 UEs/RB transmitting 11-bit CQI + 2-
bit A/N (PUCCH Format 2b)
*TDM = Time Domain Multiplexing
Zadoff-Chu Sequence

• Zadoff-Chu sequences are used as

– UL demodulation and sounding Reference Signals
– Random Access preamble sequence
– DL primary synchronization signal
• ZC sequence are CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation) sequence
– Low cubic metric and flat frequency response
• The elements of ZC sequences are points from unit circle
• It is possible to create ZC sequences of any length with relatively simple formulas depending on sequence length,
different number of base/root sequences can be formed
– Sequence with prime number of elements is optimal
– Root sequence can be considered as circular. Different cyclic shift of a root sequence can be obtained by changing the starting element
▪ Cyclic shift must be larger than time ambiguity of received sequence
UL Reference Signal
Overview
UL DMRS allocation per slot for normal
cyclic prefix
Type of UL Reference Signals
• Demodulation Reference Signals (DM RS)
– PUSCH/PUCCH data estimation
• Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)
– Mainly UL channel estimation UL

DMRS is characterized by :
• Sequence (Zadoff Chu codes)
• Sequence Length: equal to the # of subcarriers use
• Sequence group:
– 30 options
– Cell specific parameter

• Cyclic Shift: UE and cell specific parameter

Group Hopping for UL Reference Signal

This feature randomizes the sequence used to generate the

• Demodulation Reference Signals for the PUCCH
• Demodulation Reference Signals for the PUSCH
• Sounding Reference Signals

Helps to improve performance when the “PCI mod 30” rule was not followed during PCI planning process
• Reduces risk of potential issues caused by cross-talk between neighboring cells

UE are informed whether group hopping is enabled or disabled using SIB2 content

actULGrpHop
Activation of uplink group hopping
LNCEL; 0 (False); 1 (True); 0 False

Nokia Huawei
MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL actULGrpHop PUSCHCfg GroupHoppingEnabled
PUCCH, basics
• PUCCH (from single-UE perspective)
– Frequency resource of one RB
– Time resource of one sub-frame (A/N repetition is also supported)
• Slot based frequency hopping is always used
– It provides the sufficient degree of frequency diversity
– Hopping takes place on the band edges, symmetrically over the center
frequency
• Multiplexing between UEs
– FDM btw RBs Resource block

– CDM inside the RB

system
PUCCH
bandwidth

* FDM = Frequency Division Multiplexing

CDM = Code Division Multiplexing
slot
A/N = ACK/NACK
PUCCH, UE Multiple Access Within a RB

• UEs are separated using of CDM (within an RB) deltaPucchShift

delta cyclic shift for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b
• Two orthogonal CDM techniques are applied on PUCCH LNCEL; 1..3; 1; 2 (i.e. 6 cyclic shifts)

– CDM using cyclic shifts of CAZAC* sequence

– CDM using block-wise spreading with the orthogonal cover sequence Nokia Huawei
MO Parameter MO Parameter
• Multiplexing example: PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b (e.g., A/N) LNCEL deltaPucchShift PUCCHCfg DeltaShift

– Both CDM techniques are in use -> 18 parallel resources

block-wise spreading

SF = 3 for Reference Signals and SF = 4 for ACK/NACK Cyclic Orthogonal cover code
SF = Spreading Factor shift 0 1 2
SF=4 0 0 12
1 6
2 1 13
SF=3 3 7
CDM in 4 2 14
5 8
CS
RS RS RS 6 3 15
domain 7 9
8 4 16
slot 9 10
*CDM = Code Division Multiplexing 10 5 17
11 11

*) The applied sequences are not true CAZAC but computer

searched Zero-Autocorrelation (ZAC) sequences
PUCCH Formats

• Format 1/1a/1b
– Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation + block-wise spreading -> 1 symbol (1 or 2 bits per slot)
• Format 2/2a/2b
– Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation (& no block-wise spreading) -> 5 symbols per slot

PUCCH formats Control type Number of Bits Multiplexing Capacity (UE/RB)

PUCCH Format 1 Scheduling request ON/OFF keying 36, *18, 12
PUCCH Format 1a 1-bit ACK/NACK 1 36, *18, 12
PUCCH Format 1b 2-bit ACK/NACK 2 36, *18, 12
PUCCH Format 2 CQI 20 12, *6, 4
PUCCH Format 2a CQI + 1-bit ACK/NACK 21 12,* 6, 4
PUCCH Format 2b CQI + 2-bit ACK/NACK 22 12, *6, 4

*typical value
Mapping of logical PUCCH resources into physical PUCCH
resources
• Periodic CQI is located at the outermost RBs
– These resources are allocated explicitly via RRC
• SR and persistent A/N are next to Periodic CQI
– These resources are allocated explicitly via RRC
• Dynamic A/N is located at the innermost PUCCH RBs
– Allocated implicitly based on PDCCH allocation
m = 0 & 1 may contain formats m=1 m=0
2/2a or 2b (e.g. CQI) -> fixed m=3 m=2
allocation

m = 2 & 3 may contain system

PUCCH
formats 1/1a or 1b (e.g. ACK) bandwidth
-> dynamic allocation

m=2 m=3
m=0 m=1

slot
PUCCH Dimensioning (1/2)
• Scope: Dimensioning of the PUCCH region (how many RBs) to avoid excessive
overheads
• Necessary to calculate how many PUCCH resources (m) are needed for
Formats1.x and Formats 2.x
 PUCCH Dimensioning (2/2)
• Total number of Resources required for PUCCH is the sum of the resources required for scheduling requests, for
CQI and for Dynamic ACK/NACK:
MaxPucchResourceSize = nCqiRb + roundup {[((maxNumOfCce) + n1PucchAn – pucchnanCS * 3 /
deltaPucchShift ) * deltaPucchShift] / (3*12)} + roundup (pucchnanCS / 8)
deltaPucchShift
pucchnanCS delta cyclic shift for PUCCH
nCqiRb formats 1/1a/1b
reserved RBs per slot for Number of cyclic shifts for
PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b LNCEL; 1..3; 1; 2
PUCCH formats 2/2a/2b
LNCEL; 1..98; 1; 2 in the mixed region
LNCEL; 0..7; 1; 0
(0 means no use of mixed
formats )

n1PucchAn
Offset to calculate ACK/NACK
resources from PDCCH CCE
LNCEL; 0..2047; 1; 36
Recommended special value: 10 to have a high
UL Throughput. With that value only one
PUCCH PRB is used for SR and dynamic
ACK/NACK. That means, the second PRB is for
CQI

maxNumOfCce depends on dlChBw parameter:

- if dlChBw is 5MHz then maxNumOfCce is 21
- if dlChBw is 10MHz then maxNumOfCce is 43
- if dlChBw is 15MHz then maxNumOfCce is 65
- if dlChBw is 20MHz then maxNumOfCce is 87
Sample PUCCH Tx Report (QXDM)

PUCCH Send on
RB 0 slot 0 and RB 49 slot 1
Sounding Reference Signal
UE scheduling & SRS Configuration

The SRS configurations provide

UEs by two SRS classes which are
introduced by feature:

SRS class …
▪that assigns a multitude of
resources for a limited number of
UE’s
▪that provides sufficient SRS
resources for the proper
scheduling of the UEs
UE specific channel state
information (CSI) is derived
from:
- PUSCH
- sounding reference signals
(SRS)
SRS Configuration
• The operator can choose an SRS configuration from a given set of predefined configurations tailored for
the usable PUSCH spectrum - srsConfiguration
• The SRS resources which are selected for the UEs are assigned by means of the RRC Connection
Reconfiguration and RRC Connection Reestablishment messages.
• The usage of measurements from SRS in closed loop uplink power control can be enabled/disabled by
setting the parameter Include SRS measurements In CL power control (ulpcSrsEn).

……
SRS Bandwidths
Wideband SRS Transmission Narrowband SRS Transmission
(Non Frequency hopping SRS ) (Frequency hopping SRS ) System bandwidths 40–60 RBs.
Subframe 1 Subframe 6 Subframe 1 Subframe 2 SRS BW SRS SRS SRS SRS
config. BW0 BW1 BW2 BW3

0 48 24 12 4

More 1 48 16 8 4
wideband
16 RBs

SRS 2 40 20 4 4
bandwidth
3 36 12 4 4
= 4 RBs × 3
= 12 RBs
4 32 16 8 4

5 24 4 4 4

6 20 4 4 4

7 16 4 4 4
Minimum Narow
SRS bandwidth
Sounding reference signal
= 4 RBs
Random Access
Overview
Random access procedure is performed for the following events:
• Initial access from RRC_IDLE
• RRC Connection Re-establishment procedure
• Handover
• DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure
• UL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure
• E.g. when UL synchronisation status is "non-synchronised" or there are no PUCCH resources for
SR available
It takes two distinct forms:
• Contention based (applicable to all five events);
• Non-contention based (applicable to only handover and DL data arrival)
Normal DL/UL transmission can take place after the random access procedure
In total there are 64 preambles per cell (pooled into 2 groups)
Preambles are grouped to indicate the length of the needed resource.
A number of preambles are reserved for contention-free access
 Multiplexing of PRACH with PUSCH and PUCCH
PRACH slot
Duration( e.g. 1ms)

PUCCH
Total UL Bandwidth

PRACH PRACH PRACH

bandwidth
(1.08MHz)

PUSCH
PRACH slot period

PUCCH Time
 PRACH Subcarriers

• UE sends the preamble to the network on PRACH

• PRACH occupies 6 RBs in a sub frame (or set of
consecutive subframes) reserverd for sending
random access preamble to the network

• The length of TCP (Cyclic Prefix), TPRE (Peamble)

and TGT (Guard Time) depends on the preamble
form

• PRACH reserved PRBs cannot be used by

PUSCH. i.e they are out of scope for scheduling
for data transmission
PRACH Types

PRACH configuration index ( → see next slides)

parameter selects one of the 4 types

Example timing for type 0:

DL timing (eNB)
1 ms
0.1 ms 0.8 ms

UE Tx

CP Preamble GT eNB Rx
PRACH Types
PRACH types:
• Type 0: 1 ms duration
• Type 1: 2 ms
• Type 2: 2 ms Format type 0 & type 1 supported
in RL30
• Type 3: 3 ms
PRACH Configuration
Type, time and frequency resources are defined by:
prachConfIndex prachFreqOff
PRACH configuration index: LNCEL; 3..24;1; 3 PRACH frequency offset: First PRB available for PRACH in UL
Range is restricted to two different LNCEL; 0...94;1; 3
ranges: 3-8 and 19-24 (internal) RA
nPRB  nPRB
RA
offset
Max. value is ulChBw(in PRB) - 6

• PRACH can be placed either on lower or upper edge

of the bandwidth
• Therefore the possible range for prachFreqOffset is
0  nPRBoffset
RA
 N RB
UL
6
.

• If PRACH area is placed at the lower border of UL

frequency band then:

• If PRACH area is placed at the lower border of UL

frequency band then:

*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.1-2

PRACH Configuration Parameter

Nokia Huawei Ericssons

Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
PRACH Configuration LNCEL prachConfIndex RACHCfg PrachConfigIndexCfgInd
RACHCfg PrachConfigIndex
LNCEL prachFreqOff RACHCfg PrachFreqOffset
RA Procedure LNCEL raContResoT RACHCfg ContentionResolutionTimer
LNCEL raSmallVolUl RACHCfg MessageSizeGroupA
RA Power Ramping LNCEL ulpciniPrePwr RACHCfg PreambInitRcvTargetPwr EUtranCellFDD preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower
LNCEL prachPwrRamp RACHCfg PwrRampingStep
LNCEL preambTxMax RACHCfg PreambleTransMax
LNCEL deltaPreMsg3 CellUlpcComm DeltaPreambleMsg3
Preamble Generation LNCEL rootseqIndex Cell RootSequenceIdx EUtranCellFDD rachRootSequence
LNCEL prachCS Cell CellRadius EUtranCellFDD cellRange
LNCEL prachHsFlag ENodeBAlgoSwitch HighSpeedRootSeqCSSwitch
LNCEL raNondedPreamb RACHCfg RandomPreambleRatio EUtranCellFDD cfraEnable
LNCEL raPreGrASize RACHCfg RaPreambleGrpARatio
LNCEL raSmallVolUl RACHCfg MessageSizeGroupA
LNCEL raMsgPoffGrB
Random Access Procedure
RA Procedure
• Random access procedure handled by MAC and PHY Layer through PRACH (in UL) and PDCCH ( in DL)
• RACH only carries the preambles and occupies 6 resource blocks in a subframe
Process:
• UEs selects randomly a preamble from the list of preambles broadcasted in the BCCH
• UE calculates OLPC parameters ( Initial Tx Power)
• Checks contention parameters (i.e. max. number of retries)
• UE transmits initial RACH and waits for a response before retry. Open loop PC ensures that each retry will be
at a higher power level.
• Upon receipt of successful UL RACH preamble, eNB calculates power adjustment and timing advance
parameters together with an UL capacity grant ( so UE can send more info )

PRACH
Not detected response

DL
Next On the resources indicated by PDCCH
PRACH
resource
UL PUSCH: UE specific data
Preamble Preamble
RA Procedure
The contention based random access procedure follows these steps: raRespWinSize
Window size for RA response (in TTI)
(1) A preamble will be selected by UE and transmitted in the available subframe. LNCEL; 2 (0), 3 (1), 4 (2), 5 (3), 6 (4),
7 (5), 8 (6), 10 (7); 10 TTIs (7)
Based on correlation the eNB may detect the access and furthermore can
measure the timing of the UE transmission.
(2) The eNB answers using the same preamble and at this point a timing advance UE eNB
will be fixed. Information on the scheduled resource will be exchanged and a
temporary C-RNTI will be assigned.
1 Random Access Preamble
(3) The UE sends its id. The type of id depends on the state. In case of idle state
NAS info has to be provided (IMSI, TMSI) else the C-RNTI is used.
(4) The contention resolution is performed, i.e. the eNB addresses the UE using Random Access Response 2
the C-RNTI.

3 Scheduled Transmission

raContResoT Contention Resolution 4

ulpcRarespTpc Max. Time for cont. resol.
TPC command indicated in message 2 LNCEL; 8ms (0), 16ms (1), 24ms (2),
related to message 3 power 32ms (3), 40ms (4), 48ms (5), 56ms (6),
LNCEL; -6...8dB;2dB; 0dB 64ms (7); 32ms (3)
RA Procedure

The contention free random access procedure

• E.g. during handover a temporary valid preamble will be issued.
• It is (temporarily) dedicated to this UE.
• No contention resolution is needed as the preamble shall not be used by other UEs.

UE eNB

0 RA Preamble assignment

Random Access Preamble 1

2 Random Access Response

SEMUANYA BISA DIBACA SENDIRI DI RUMAH
GA USAH DIBACAIN SLIDENYA DI DEPAN
saeutik deui slidena

geus lapar

hayang dahar waduk lah

teu ngarti

Random Access Power Ramping

RA Power Ramping
PPRACH = min{ Pmax, PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + PATHLOSS}

prachPwrRamp
Power increment step
LNCEL; 0dB (0), 2dB (1), 4dB (2),
6dB (3); 2dB (1)
BCH information

UE sets the initial transmission power of

RACH and send preamble signal preambTxMax
Max. RA transmissions
LNCEL; 3 (0), 4 (1), 5 (2), 6 (3), 7 (4), 8 (5),
Preamble (RACH) 10 (6), 20 (7); 8 (5)
Values 50 (8), 100 (9), 200 (10) also defined
Preamble (RACH)
but should not be used
Preamble (RACH)

PDCCH ulpcIniPrePwr
Initial received target power
Random access message
LNCEL; -120 dBm (0), -118 dBm (1), -116 dBm (2), -114 dBm (3), -
(UL-SCH)
112 dBm (4), -110 dBm (5), -108 dBm (6), -106 dBm (7), -104 dBm
(8), -102 dBm (9), -100 dBm (10), -98 dBm (11), -96 dBm (12), -94
dBm (13), -92 dBm (14), -90 dBm (15); -104 dBm (8)
BACA LG DI RUMAH

Preamble Generation
Preamble Generation

64 preambles made of Zadoff-Chu sequences with zero correlation zone:

• given by the logical index RACH_ROOT_SEQUENCE
• Zadoff Chu sequence u is given by
un ( n1)

xu n   e
j
N ZC
, 0  n  N ZC  1
xu ,v (n)  xu (( n  Cv ) mod N ZC )

• ZC sequence of length 839 (prime number) is used

• 838 different root sequences available. (PRACH Root Sequence). Also different cyclic shifts can be used
depending on cell size
• Sub-carrier spacing is 1.25 kHz

rootSeqIndex
LNCEL;0…837;1; 0

*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.2-4

 Restricted set untuk yg mobilitynya high speed

Unrestricted set untuk UE yg mobilitynya normal

Preamble Generation
Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order
First: take all available cyclic shifts of one root for preamble formats 0 – 3.:
Zadoff-Chu sequence:
If not enough: take next logical index and so on

prachCS
Preamble cyclic shift (Ncs configuration)
LNCEL;0…15;1; 0
Restricted set (high speed) in RL40

prachHSFlag
Unrestricted or restricted (high speed) set selection
LNCEL; true, false; false
Only unrestricted set could be selected in RL30

• Cyclic shift given by

vN CS v  0,1,...,  N ZC N CS   1, N CS  0 for unrestricted sets



Cv  0 N CS  0 for unrestricted sets
 v nshift   (v mod nshift

 d start
RA RA
) N CS v  0,1,..., nshift ngroup  nshift
RA RA RA
1 for restricted sets

*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.2-2

Preamble generation

-Exercise
Consider a cell of 37 km radius.
Provide a sensitive setting for the cell size dependent parameters
Support of high speed users

• If prachHsFlag = true the following rootSeqIndex values can be selected depending on prachCS (restricted set)

Cell range Required amount of prachCS Possible range for rootSeqIndex

root sequences
< 1.0 km 4 0 24...816
< 1.4 km 6 1 30…810
< 2.0 km 6 2 36…804
< 2.6 km 8 3 42…796
< 3.4 km 9 4 52…787
< 4.3 km 11 5 64…779
< 5.4 km 14 6 76…764
< 6.7 km 17 7 90…749
< 8.6 km 20 8 116…732
< 10.6 km 26 9 136…704
< 13.2 km 32 11 168…676
< 17.2 km 44 11 204…526
< 21.5 km 64 12 264…566
< 27.7 km 64 13 328…498
< 32.8 km 64 14 384…450
Preamble generation – High Speed Case

high-
speed set With
preamble
no delay spread delay spread = 5,2 µs guard
NCs sign. per
Configuration NCS root seq. #root seq. µs km µs km Guard NCS µs km µs km
0 15 18 4 14.3 2.15 9.1 1.37 2.25 12.75 12.2 1.82 7.0 1.04
1 18 15 6 17.2 2.57 12.0 1.79 2.25 15.75 15.0 2.25 9.8 1.47
2 22 12 6 21.0 3.15 15.8 2.37 2.25 19.75 18.8 2.82 13.6 2.04
3 26 10 8 24.8 3.72 19.6 2.94 2.25 23.75 22.6 3.40 17.4 2.62
4 32 8 9 30.5 4.58 25.3 3.80 2.25 29.75 28.4 4.26 23.2 3.48
5 38 7 11 36.2 5.44 31.0 4.66 2.25 35.75 34.1 5.11 28.9 4.33
6 46 6 14 43.9 6.58 38.7 5.80 2.25 43.75 41.7 6.26 36.5 5.48
7 55 4 17 52.4 7.87 47.2 7.09 2.25 52.75 50.3 7.54 45.1 6.76
8 68 4 20 64.8 9.73 59.6 8.95 2.25 65.75 62.7 9.40 57.5 8.62
9 82 3 26 78.2 11.73 73.0 10.95 2.25 79.75 76.0 11.41 70.8 10.63
10 100 2 32 95.4 14.30 90.2 13.52 2.25 97.75 93.2 13.98 88.0 13.20
11 128 2 44 122.1 18.31 116.9 17.53 2.25 125.75 119.9 17.99 114.7 17.21
12 158 1 64 150.7 22.60 145.5 21.82 2.25 155.75 148.5 22.28 143.3 21.50
13 202 1 64 192.6 28.89 187.4 28.11 2.25 199.75 190.5 28.57 185.3 27.79
14 237 1 64 226.0 33.90 220.8 33.12 2.25 234.75 223.8 33.58 218.6 32.80
Support of high speed users

If prachHsFlag = true then hsScenario must be configured

hsScenario: defines highspeed scenario for a cell. Scenario

1 (open space scenario) and scenario 3 (tunnel scenario).
Scenarios are described in 36.141 Annex B.3
Preambles - Contention and Non-Contention

64 preambles
per cell

raNondedPreamb Remaining are Non

Total number of non dedicated RA
preambles Contention Based
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13),
60 (14), 64 (15); 1 ; 40 (9) Contention Non Contention
Based Based

Non-Dedicated Dedicated
preambles preambles
Type A and B Grouping of Preambles

The contention based Random Access preambles are grouped into:

• Type A - for requesting a normal UL resource.
• Type B - for requesting a larger resource due to Message Size AND Pathloss (PL) criteria having been met.

raNondedPreamb 64 preambles
? per cell

raPreGrASize ?
raPreGrASize raNondedPreamb
Random Access Preambles Group A Contention Based
Size
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20 Remaining
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13), are Type B
60 (14) ; 1 ; 32 (7)
raPreGrASize Type B
Type A Preambles Preambles
Type B Criteria

The Type B Random Access preambles are used if:

• The message size is greater than raSmallVolUl.
raSmallVolUl
Small Size Random Access Data
Volume In Uplink
AND LNCEL; 56 bits (0), 144 bits (1), 208
bits (2), 256 bits (3) ;1 ; 144 bits (1)

• the pathloss is less than:

PCMAX – preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower - deltaPreambleMsg3 - messagePowerOffsetGroupB
Where:
PCMAX is the UE maximum output power.

ulpcIniPrePwr
Preamble Initial Received Target
Power
LNCEL; -120 dBm (0), -118 dBm (1), -
116 dBm (2), -114 dBm (3), -112 dBm
(4), -110 dBm (5), -108 dBm (6), -106
dBm (7), -104 dBm (8), -102 dBm (9),
-100 dBm (10), -98 dBm (11), -96 dBm
(12), -94 dBm (13), -92 dBm (14), -90
dBm (15);1 ; -104 dBm (8)
deltaPreMsg3
Delta Preamble Random Access
Message 3
LNCEL; -1...6 ;1 ; 0
raMsgPoffGrB
RA Message Power Offset For Group B Selection
LNCEL; -infinity (0), 0 dB (1), 5 dB (2), 8 dB (3), 10 dB
(4), 12 dB (5), 15 dB (6), 18 dB (7) ;1 ; 10 dB (4)
WAKTUNYA MAKAN WOIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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