Prelim Notes

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
 The course deals with interactions between science,

technology, social, cultural, political, and economic
contexts that shape and are shaped by them. (CMO No.
20 series of 2013)
 This is an interdisciplinary course that engages students
to confront the realities brought about by science and
technology in society. Such realities pervade the
personal, the public, and the global aspects of our living
and are integral to human development. Scientific
knowledge and technological development happen in
the context of society with all its
socio- political, cultural, economic and philosophical
underpinnings at play. This course seeks to instill reflective
knowledge in the students that they are able to live the
good life and display ethical decision making in the face of
scientific and technological advancement.
This course includes Mandatory topics on climate change
and environmental awareness.
STS
Prelim topics
Module 1: General Concepts and STS Historical
Developments
Lesson 1:
Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science
and Technology
HISTORY
MODULE 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND STS HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENTS
General Concepts and STS Historical Developments
Historicalantecedents in which social
considerations changed the course of
science and technology
Intellectual Revolution that defined
society
Science, Technology and Nation
Building
PHILOSOPHY
STS AND THE HUMAN CONDITION
 The Human Person flourishing in terms of science and
technology
 When Technology and Humanity Cross
 Why the Future does not need us

SCIENCE
SPECIFIC ISSUES
 Biodiversity and the Healthy Society
 The Information Age
 The Nano World
 Gene Therapy
 Save Mother Earth
 Culminating Activity – Creative presentation about

environmental issues.
STS – is the study of how social, political and cultural
values affect scientific research and technological
innovation and how these in turn affect society, politics,
culture and the environment.
ACTIVITY
Materials
Paper
Bamboo pole
Stone Rope
DIFFERENCES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Science Technology
➢ Deals with understanding ➢ Deals of doing
➢ Way of gathering and explaining ➢ Deals of skills, techniques, process,
new knowledge designs, products
➢ Goal is pursuit of knowledge ➢ Craft of Science, practical application of
Science
➢ Create products that solve problems
and improve human life
➢ Deals with the natural world ➢ Is the study of natural laws which
govern the universe
Relationship of STS:
Social
Technology
SocialValues
Values
Innovation STS
STSCycle
Cycle
Scientific
Research
is a Continuing process
Research and Development
Technological Technological
Innovation Innovation
Technological Utilization
Information and Materials

(Software and Hardware)
TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS
THROUGHOUT HISTORY
The beginnings of Technology can be
traced back from pre-historic man’s survival
techniques. Archaeologists found and
dated pieces of evidence of pre-historic
and ancient technologies as a proof
accounting for the evolution of man’s way
of life.
In the later years, TECHNOLOGIES were much
more improved as SCIENCE became an organized
discipline and explained the behavior of matter that
helped better understanding in their proper and
practical use.
In ancient times, the introduction of METALS
gave early toolmakers manageable raw materials
like:
SOFT METALS
 Gold and Copper
 BRONZE
 IRON
BRONZE AGE (3500 – 1200 B.C) – is the era where

bronze(copper and tin alloy) is primarily used to
craft tools and weapons. Tools are transitioned from
Stone to Metals.
“Period of Innovation”
Most of the inventions and discoveries during
the ancient era have reached impressive levels of
achievements. The use of simple tools, skilled
management of large numbers of workers and the
absence of time pressure allowed these societies to
create both PRODUCTIVE FORMS and THRIVING
CITIES.
Asian inventors like the CHINESE also did their
significant share.
ACTIVITY 2
“(ROLP) PLAYING RESEARCH/READ, OBSERVE, LEARN,
PRESENT “
 Groupings: All participants must group and arrange themselves
according to their respective birth month, birthdate.
 Group Name
 Make a drawing of the different inventions from the following Eras:
a. Ancient Era
b. Middle Age
c. Modern Era
 What: Invention
 Who: Inventor
 Why: Reason for inventing/ purpose
EVIDENCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN
THE ANCIENT TIMES
Potter’s wheel and wheeled vehicles with axles(3500 BC),
Cuneiform(3000 BC), ziggurats(large, raised structures
Sumerian used for religious purposes), intricate system of canals,
dikes, wires, and reservoirs, metallurgical masterpieces,
seed plow.
Sundials(3000 BC), abacus(2400 BC), first map made of
clay(2300 BC), glazed bricks to decorate temples and
Babylonian other buildings(1800 BC), windwheels to pump water
for irrigation(1700 BC), cartography(900 BC), first
calendar.
Assyrians Lock and key (710 BC)
Sailing (3200 BC), papyrus (3000 BC), Step Pyramid of Saqarra,
Pyramid of Giza, Great Pyramid of Cheops (~2750-2150 BC),
docks (2500 BC), water raising and irrigation devices like shaduf
Egyptian (2000 BC), gears and toothed-wheels(300 BC), lighthouse of
Alexandria (250 BC), Hero of Alexandria invented the early form
of steam engine(62 BC)
Silk garments (3630 BC), water clocks (3000 BC), Bronze
vessels, horse drawn chariots, chinese system of writing (1600-
Chinese 1046 BC), lacquer, cast iron, crossbow (500 BC), gears (400 BC),
wheelbarrow (400 BC), watermill (202 BC), Ts’aiLun’s paper
from tree bark, rags and hemp (105 AD), earthquake-
weathercock (132 AD), odometer (300 AD), block printing
(600 AD)
Weaving (3000 BC), buttons made from seashells (2000 BC),
Indu weighing scales (1500 BC), spinning wheel (500 CE), piped-water
supply for cities, stirrups (200 BC)
Comb (300 BC), “qanats” a water management system used for
Persian irrigation (2700 BC), carpets (600 BC), darics and sigloi silver
and gold coins, crane (500 BC)
Coins (1500 BC), permanent retail shops. Coinage helped to
make a commerce easier in the ancient world. It replaced
Lydian previous systems that revolved around barter or weighing
silver that made commerce more difficult to conduct. Coinage
gave traders and easier way to set prices for their goods and
services
Thales of Miletus discovers static electricity (600 BC),
Greek Archimedes screw (250 BC), cranes (515 BC), pulley and lever
(400 BC), astrolabe (200 BC)
Sophisticated techniques of road building and construction of
Roman aqueducts (300 BC), chain mail armor (100 BC), Engineer
Vitrivius perfected the modern, vertical water wheel (c 50 BC),
developed the first basic concrete called pozzolana (27 BC-395
CE), knitting
(300 AD)
SOME MIDDLE AGE ERA INVENTIONS
Time Period, Invention Inventor(s)/ Purpose Impact to Society
AD Country
Warfare
Franks (but To hold the foot Transformed warfare;

technology and provide made mounted shock
800 Stirrups is from Asia) stability to the combat successful that
riding warrior it spread thru Western
Europe and prevailed
until the 13th century
AD Country
Warfare
Ancient Chinese Arrived at Western

alchemists were Europe in the 13th
trying to find a century; it hastened the
potion for declined of feudalism
Taoist immortality; used by changing the
Gun alchemists/ for religious emphasis of battle from
850 AD, -919 Powder China ceremonies to the cavalry to that of
drive out bad siege and field artillery;
spirits resulted in numerous
weapons and
applications that
transformed battle
AD Country
Warfare
They wanted The development of
Chinese/ portable weapon small arms quickly
1288 Guns China changed how military
battles were fought
Most important military
invention in its time,
1290 Longbow Celts/Wales, For better considered the
England weaponry medieval machine gun;
changed the political
face of Europe forever
AD Country
Warfare
1300 Body Celtics/ For protective Armor was an integral
Armor Western clothing during part of being a knight
Europe battles of knights and even served to help
define behavior through
a code of ethics
commonly referred to
as chivalry; symbolic of
medieval times
AD Country
Power
Sources
To power grain First successful attempt
Water mills Chinese/ mills and diminish to harness the power of
600 (improved) China human labor; for inanimate energy;
daily fresh water served as a primary
source and power supply until the
sewage disposal advent of the steam
engine during the
Industrial Revolution
AD Country
Power
Sources
1200 Windmills To harness power Not so efficient initially
from wind as it depends on wind,
but improved
eventually
AD Country
Power
Sources
600-800 Tidal mills Europe Alternate source More productivity for
of power all industry; supply of
energy is stabilized
AD Country
Nautical
Designed for Helped to launch an era

Lateen or Lateen or situations in which of sea going commerce,
700 triangular triangular sail wind power is exploration, and
sail limited warfare that continued
through the end of the
Age of Sail
AD Country
Nautical
Rediscovered For sea travel; Key to the long-distance

by Europeans north-direction voyages under taken by
1182 Magnetic pointing Europeans beginning in
compass the fifteenth century
AD Country
Agriculture
To replace the Led to increase food

Heavy runner with a production. As food was
500 Plough much larger grown and stored more
moldboard that efficiently, populations
was faced with increased and
metal settlements grew larger
AD Country
Agriculture
Reinvented in An impressive and

1200 Wheel Europe For farming triumphant invention
barrow that dramatically
changed the process of
farming and production
as citizens and workers
could move heavier
loads much more
quickly
Time Period, Invention Inventor(s) Purpose Impact to Society
AD /
Country
General
Inventions
-faster paper production
more supply for all its
Papermaking utility especially when
technology For books making, printing press was
(using water Arab/ wrapping material invented
793 power) Baghdad and napkins -created jobs for people
-enhanced education
goals
-preserved ideas and
documents facilitated
communications
Time Period, Invention Inventor(s) Purpose Impact to Society
AD /
Country
General
Inventions
Woodblock World’s first movable
printing was so type printing press
Movable- Bi Sheng/ laborious; so a technology; played an
1041 type printing China more economic important role both in
and faster way of the advance of literacy
printing was in China and the overall
sought course of literacy
throughout the world
AD Country
General
Inventions
For making Helped Venice

drinking vessels, (purchased the
Glass Arabs/ ornaments, glassmaking technology
12th Middle East bottles, and from Arabs) become a
similar items, major economic power
mostly for those in its day
who could afford
them
AD Country
General
Inventions
First Seneca/ For magnifying Facilitated reading and

13th spectacle Venice the writings in enhanced education
lenses books for reading and information
purposes gathering
AD Country
General
Inventions
13th-14th Buttons Rediscovered For ornamental Buttons became

in Germany purposes widespread with the
rise of snug-fitting
garments in Europe
THE DARK AGE
 The Dark Age – is commonly used to describe
the period between the Fall of the Roman
Empire and the beginning of the Italian
Renaissance and the Age of Exploration. This
period corresponds to the middle age or from
500 to 1500 A.D.
WHAT WAS THE MAIN CAUSE OF THE DARK AGE?
It was caused by the fall of the Western

Roman Empire due to pressure from mass
migration of Germans tribes and people like the
Huns.
The dark age is also known as the
MIGRATION PERIOD or BARBARIAN INVASION in
the Mediterranean countries
SOME EVENTS HAPPENED DURING THE DARK AGE
 Fallof Western Roman Empire (476 A.D)

 Charles the Hammer and the Battle of Tours
(732 A.D.)
 Charlemagne, the Emperor of Romans (800
A.D.)
 The Battle of Hastings (1066 A.D.)
 Declaration of the Magna Carta (1215 A.D.)
 The Great Famine (1315 – 1317 A.D.)

Migration Period = 400 A.D. – 700 A.D.
Reasons of some invaders:

1. For war and pillaging and they hated the ways
of the Romans
2. People did not have experience dealing with
money, writing on large cities
3. Changes – include pattern of property
ownership, law. Religion, and culture
4. Breakdown of trade and exported goods
caused the economy, social, and cultural life
began to dive.
5. Industries, manufacturing disappeared
6. Military and educational structures broke
down causing illiteracy
7. Decline in population
8. Trade volume reached the lowest levels in
history
9. Agricultural system broke down. Crop yields
decreasing.
10. Plantation owners had a hard time keeping

running away
11. Emergence of diseases like smallpox

affecting Western Europe
12. Plaque caused hundred million deaths

around the world.
THE RENAISSANCE
A period in European History from 14th – 17th century regarded
as the cultural bridge between the Middle Age and Modern
History
“Rebirth”, “Surge of Interest” in classical learning and

values. “Revival of Learning” characterized by the following:
 Innovation
 Imagination
 Creativity
This new thinking became manifest in ART,
POLITICS, ARCHITECTURE, SCIENCE, and
LITERATURE.
It was a time during which new and inventive

ideas began to spread and gain influence
Renaissance of the Modern Era
1440 First printing press with metal movable type by Johannes

Gutenberg, a German goldsmith
First parachute, designed by Leonardo da Vinci in his writings.

Da Vinci was an Italian artist, scientist, architect, engineer and
1485 inventor and coined as the “Renaissance Man” being a person
with knowledge and skills in a number of different areas. In
fact, he also theorized the flying machines (1492) and
designed more inventions like the water wheel (1510).
Pocket watch, invented by Peter Henlein, a clockmaker from

the Nuremberg, Germany as he claimed to create portable
1510 clocks. Henlein is considered the “Father of the modern clock”
and the originator of the entire clock making industry that we
know today. In 1656, Christian Huygens invented the
pendulum clock and in 1675, patented the pocket watch
1590 Compound microscope by Zacharias Janssen
1593 Water thermometer by Galileo Galilei; in 1643, the barometer

was invented by Evangelista Torrecelli; - mercury thermometer
by Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724.
1608 Refracting telescope by Hans Lippershey. In 1663, the reflecting

telescope was invented by Isaac Newton
Steam turbine invented by Giovanni Branca; in 1698, steam

pump was invented by Englishman Thomas Saveryto drain
1629 water from mines. In 1712, the first steam engine was invented
by Thomas Newcomen; and improve one by James Watt in
1769
1752 Lightning rod by Benjamin Franklin; 1780 he further invents

bifocal eyeglasses
1774 Electric telegraph; 1799, Alessandro Volta invented the battery

1796 Small pox vaccination was created by Edward Gener

OTHER INVENTIONS DURING THE MODERN ERA
 Steam Engine
 Printing Press
 Electricity
 Banking credit card
 Robots, Artificial Intelligence
 Radio, TV, Internet
 Calculator, telephone, Celphone
 Automobile, Airplane,
 Camera, Light bulb,
 Penicillin and etc.

STS
Prelim topics
Developments
Lesson 2:
Intellectual Revolution that Defined Society
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
It is a movement about enlightenment and
it may be initiated during the 17th century
where people are more driven by the new
discoveries in Science and Technology and
cultural relativism resulting from the
explorations
• Is an important change that happens when the
usual way of thinking about on doing
something is replaced by a new and different
way.
• A time when the usual and accepted way of

doing on thinking about something change
completely.
ACTIVITY 3 “STANDING ON THE SHOULDER OF GIANTS”
 Copernican
 Darwinian
 Freudian
 Newtonian
1750-1850 in Britain as “Workshop of the World”
1. The development of better Power Sources to

drive production
Ex. Coal-fueled
steam engine
2. The progressive mechanization of Human World
3. The development of improved processes for

transforming raw materials into suitable for
manufacturing
4. The introduction of a more efficient mode of organizing
production
Ex. The Factory System
IMPACTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Increase in population
Increase in living standard
Depletion of natural resources
Use of chemicals and fuels in
factories resulted air and water
pollution
Increased use of fossil fuels
“STANDING ON THE SHOULDER OF GIANTS”
“We are like dwarfs sitting on the shoulder
of the giants. We see more things that are
more distant, than they did, not because
our sight is superior or because we are
taller than they, but because they raise us
up and by their giant stature add to ours”
STS
Prelim topics
Developments
Lesson 3:
Science, Technology, and Nation Building
Nation Building is a process of
constructing , structuring a
national identity using the
power of a state.
1. To make violent society peaceful.
2. Security,
Food,
Shelter,
Education,
and Basic services should be provided.
3. Economic and political
objectives can be pursued
once the first order needs
are met.
STS in the Philippines represents the wide
scientific and technological advances it has made.
Life
Engineering Biotechnology
Science
Forestry
Seismology
Agriculture
Volcanology
Aquaculture
Meteorology
Metal
Industry
Nuclear Food and
Research
Health Nutrition
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Alibata- Philippine
alphabet system
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Ship Building
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Banaue Rice Terraces
 One of the
sophisticated
products of Filipino
engineering
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 Formal
education was
implemented
 Scientific
institutions
founded
AMERICAN PERIOD
Bureau of Science
 Was established as the
primary research center
until World War II
 Inclined towards
Agriculture, food
processing, forestry,
medicine, and pharmacy.
 Not much given to
industrial technology due
to free trade policy
FERDINAND E. MARCOS
• The importance given to Science
• He amended the 1973 Philippine
Constitution XV Section 9. He
declared that the advancement
of Science and Technology shall
have priority in the national
development.
• He enacted many laws
promoting Science and
Technology
CORAZON AQUINO
• Changed NSTA to DOST
• She believed that Science and
Technology has its role in
economic recovery and
sustainable economic growth.
• STAND (Science & Technology
Agenda for National
Development)
FIDEL RAMOS
 1st few years of his

administration 1992-1995 were
characterized by economic
boom, technological
development, political stability
and efficient delivery of basic
needs to the people.
 Known as the Asian Tiger
JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA
• Signed legislation RA
8749 known as
Philippine Clean Air Act
of 1999.
• RA 8792 “Electronics
Commerce Act of
2000”
GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
 Her term was dubbed as the
Golden Age of Science and
Technology
 Numerous laws and projects that
concern both the environment and
Science to push technology as a
tool to increase the country’s
economic level and help increase
the productivity from Science,
Technology and innovations (STI)
and help benefit the poor people.
 Coined term Filipinnovation
BENIGNO “NOYNOY” AQUINO III
 Conferred four new
national scientists.
 Improve the Weather
forcasting system of PAG-
ASA (Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical
and Astronomical Services
Administration)
RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
 Signed R.A 11035 “Act institutionalizng the BALIK SCIENTIST

PROGRAM’ last June 15, 2018.
 This program would give incentives to returning filipinos

experts, scientists, inventors, and engineers who would
share their expertise in the country.
 By2020, the Philippines shall have developed a
wide range of globally competitive products and
services which have high technology content.
 DOST launched the Harmonized National

Research and Development Agenda 2017-2022.
 Enhanced S&T Awareness and support among leaders
 Highly developed culture of innovation.
 World class universities in S&T.
 Additional internationally recognized Filipino

scientist.
ACTIVITY 4
“NATION BUILDING”
 Groupings:
All participants must group and arrange
themselves according to their birthdates.
 Group Name
 Identify
one great Filipino personality in Science and
Technology
 Describe
the invention , innovation and explain why
and how it contributes to nation building.
ANY GUESS
WHO IS THIS?
Aisa Mijeno
Engineer Aisa Mijeno is Co-Founder of SALt
and serves as its Chief Executive Officer. Engineer
Mijeno is a faculty member of Engineering at De La
Salle University - Lipa. Being a member of Greenpeace
Philippines, she has traveled many places promoting
environmental campaigns. She also loves hiking which
brought her to the majestic mountains of Kalinga
The SALt lamp where it all began.
(or "Sustainable
Alternative Lighting") The product concept was formed after living with the
is a LED lamp product
natives of the Butbut tribe for days relying only on
created by Philippine
siblings Aisa and kerosene lamps and moonlight to do evening chores.
Raphael Mijeno. The Her interests vary from astronomy to classical music
lamp is powered by to embedded systems and electrochemistry.
the galvanic reaction
of an anode with
saline water.
Two tablespoons of salt and a glass of water.
That is all you need to run SALt, short for Sustainable Alternative Lighting, the
lamp developed by computer engineering graduate turned entrepreneur Aisa
Mijeno.
The SALT lamp is an environment-friendly and sustainable alternative light
source that runs on saltwater, making it suitable to those who live in coastal
areas.
“It is made of tediously experimented and improved chemical compounds,
catalysts and metal alloys that when submerged in electrolytes will generate
electricity”
The SALT lamp utilizes the scientific process behind the
galvanic cell but instead of electrolytes. The lamp uses saline
solution making it safer to use. Its harmless, non-toxic, does not
have components and compounds that may spark fire. It does not
emit toxic gases and leaves minimal carbon footprint.
Ramon Barba
STS
Historical antecedents in which
social considerations changed the
course of science and technology
Prepared by: Dr. Julius P. Dequillo

QUESTIONS
• Why is science and technology important?
• What was the importance of studying the
historical antecedents in the course of
science and technology?
• How did developments in science and
technology shape human history
reflection?
• Who discovered science and technology?
Q
• Who discovered science and
technology?
• Thomas Edison, American inventor who, singly or
jointly, held a world-record 1,093 patents. In
addition, he created the world's first industrial
research laboratory. Edison was the
quintessential American...
•
Q
• What is the importance of science and
technology?
The role that science and technology has
played in improving the life conditions across the
globe is vivid, but the benefit has to been
harvested maximum by all countries. Science and
technology has made life a lot easier and also a
lot better with the advancement of medicines and
analysis on diseases.
Q
• What was the importance of studying the
historical antecedents in the course of science
and technology?
• one can conclude that the developments in

science and technology, aside from affecting
the lives of people, were the results of many
prior antecedents our of necessity,
• people in ancient times were able to
discover and invent things that would
impact the lives of the modern people.
Historical antecedents
(Ancient Era)
• 1. Mortar and Pestle
• The English word mortar derives
from classical Latin mortarium, • Egyptians
meaning, among several other • 35000 BC
usages, "receptacle for
pounding" and "product of
grinding or pounding".
• The classical Latin pistillum,

meaning "pounder", led to
English pestle.
• used in the preparation of drugs,

reflecting the early use of the
mortar and pestle as a symbol of
a pharmacist or apothecary.
(Ancient Era)
THEY CREATE WINE BY ACCIDENT
• damaged grapes • 2. Alcohol
spontaneously fermented in
harvesting vessels; curious • Neolithic Man, Egyptians
farmers tasted the resultant
alcoholic beverage; • 9000 BC.,
• Egypt
• the curious farmers liked what
they tasted and enjoyed its
effects; said farmers preferred
fermented grape juice to the
unfermented fruit. The fate of
the grape was
sealed.(Chambers, 2010) Fermented grain, fruit juice and honey
have been used to make alcohol (ethyl
alcohol or ethanol) for thousands of years.
(Ancient Era)
• - the very first canoes • 3. Canoe
were used by the • North American Indians
indigenous people of the (Carib natives)
Caribbean to travel • 8000 BCE, Canada
between the islands. It is
their sole means of long-
distance travel by water
for trading, fishing, and
even in rituals such as
burial rights is as old as
mankind itself.
(Ancient Era)
• Soap wasn't made and • 4. Soap
use for bathing and • Babylonians
personal hygiene but • 2800 BC, now IRAQ
was rather produced for
cleaning cooking
utensils or goods or was
used for medicine
purposes.
(Ancient Era)
• This was discovered by • 5.Nimrud lens
excavation in Modern Age. • Excavated by: Sir Austen Henry
• - the original use is debated Layard
• -Sir John Layard suggested it • 1850 Assyrian Palace Nimrud,
was used as a magnifying glass North Iraq
to make intricate and
miniscule engravings, such as
those that have been found on
seals and on clay tablets using
a wedge-shaped script. But
experts on Assyrian
archaeology are unconvinced.
They say that the lens is of
such low quality that it would
have been a poor aid to vision.
(Ancient Era)
• The instrument was designed • 6. Spoon of Diocles
to remove remnant arrows • Diocles of Carystus
from the human body without • 354 -400 BC, Athens, Greece
causing additional trauma to
the patient.
• Previously, arrowheads firmly

embedded in thick bone
represented a serious problem,
and was in some cases solved
by several people holding the
patient down while one end of
a string was attached to the
arrowhead and the other was
tied to a horse or a strongly
bent branch.
(Ancient Era)
• served as a primary power • 7. Water Mill
supply until the advent of the • Philo of Byzantium (Greek
• steam engine during the Engineer/ mechanic)- debated
Industrial Revolution. • 300 BC, Greece
• Water mills diminished much of

the human labor costs by
providing power for grinding
grains and other goods; tanning
hides; pressing vegetables for oil;
sawing wood; forging metals;
polishing armor;
• pulverizing rock; operating blast-
furnace bellows;and crushing
mash for beer.
(Ancient Era)
• 8. Magnetic compass
• - It was used at first as a tool for
geomancy - in fengshui; in • (note: this is considered an
divination. invention in the middle
• The Chinese discovered that if a ages though it is first used
lodestone was suspended so it could in the ancient times) See
turn freely, it would always point Middle Ages
toward the magnetic poles. There is •a Chinese fortune tellers
description of an iron “south-
pointing fish” floating in a bowl of • 200 BC, Han dynasty,
water, aligning itself to the south. China,
•
• The first compasses were made of
lodestone, a naturally magnetized
ore of iron. From that, cardinal points
of north, south, east and west are
very easy to determine.
(Ancient Era)
• China is earthquake prone. This is
• 9. Seismoscope
invented for early detection of • Zhang Heng, an inventor, Imperial
earthquake. Historian, mathematicianand
• - called HoufengDidong Yi (literally, Royal Astronomer
“instrument for measuring the • 132 CE,China
seasonal winds and the movements of
the Earth”).
• This is an inertia-sensing instrument

paved the way for science of
seismology to develop-
• - Zhang Heng,considered the Chinese

counterpart of Leonardo da Vinci,
eventually calculated pi (π) as being
between 3.1466 and 3.1622.
•
(Ancient Era)
• They were mainly used by • 10. Steam Engine/turbine
inventors to demonstrate • Or “ aeolipile”
that the power of steam • Heron of Alexandria,
shouldn’t be Greek mathematician &
underestimated. engineer
• 100 A.D, Egypt
• With this, the potential
power of steam was
discovered, leading to the
invention of a full-fledged
steam engine
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• Since the invention of writing, • 1.Paper
people had been trying to
come up with something • Ts'aiLun, an official in
easier to write on than the Chinese royal court
papyrus or parchment, and
also something easier and • 105 AD, China
cheaper to make.
• resulting proliferation of
literature, created the need for
a writing material that was
cheaper and more practical
than pure silk. In fact, part of
the Chinese ideogram
character for "paper" means
"silk."
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• The nine numerals were • 2.Hindu-Arabic
adopted by the Arabs in the Numeration System
9th century. It was initially
known in the West as Arabic • Indians
numerals because Arabs
adopted the system from India • 500-700AD, Indian
in the ninth century and subcontinent
introduced in Europe through
Arabic texts in tenth century
though its Indian origins.
• Europeans therefore
attributed the numerals to the
Arabs, even though the Arabs
themselves called them Hindu
numerals.
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• -Alternative source of • 3.Tidal Mill
power from tidal energy • Irish people
• 600-800 AD, Europe
• - driven by tidal rise and
fall. A dam with a sluice
is created across a
suitable tidal inlet, or a
section of river estuary
is made into a reservoir
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• invented due to the need of a • 4.Hourglass
timepiece that the bobbing waves in
sea travel will not its accuracy. • Luitprand, a monk cathedral
in Chartres, France
• Before the 14th century, time was • 8th Century;. Europe
measured in unequal hours, based on
the durations of day and night on
each date.
• On a ship, however, the
measurement of equal hours would
have been necessary for calculating
the distance traveled (since distance =
rate x time). Sand-filled hourglasses
would have been preferable to water
clocks (the most ancient form of
clock, which functions similarly to the
hourglass) because, if suspended,
they would be relatively unaffected
by the motion of the ocean.
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• Ancient Chinese alchemists • 5. Gunpowder
were trying to find a potion for • Taoist alchemists
immortality and they ended • 850 A.D, China
up making gunpowder.
• -Gunpowder consists of
potassium nitrate, common
charcoal, and sulfur.
• -At the end of the Tang
Dynasty, gunpowder was being
used in military affairs. During
the Song and Yuan Dynasties,
frequent wars spurred the
development of cannons, and
fire-arrows shot from bamboo
tubes.
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• The spinning wheel speeded up the
rate at which fibre could be spun by a
• 6. Spinning Wheel
factor of 10 to 100 times, removing • Chinese weavers
this bottleneck to cloth prodspeeded
up the rate at which fibre could be • 1000 AD, China
spun by a factor of 10 to 100 times,
removing this bottleneck to cloth
production
• Ancient beginnings are claimed,
confirmed but obscure.
• - The success of the spinning wheel
created a textile revolution in Europe.
So important were textiles to the
economy that Europe experienced the
formation of textile guilds.
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• Woodblock printing was so • 7. Movable Paper Printing
laborious; so a more economic and
faster way of printing was sought • Bi Sheng, Chinese inventor
• 1041 and 1048 during the
• -Movable type (separate ready-made Song dynasty, China
characters or letters which can be
arranged in the correct order for a
particular text and then reused) is a
necessary step before printing can
become an efficient medium for
disseminating information.
• -Sheng had found an overall solution

to the many problems of typography:
the manufacture, the assembling,
and the recovery of indefinitely
reusable type.
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• used a glass globe of • 9.First Spectacle lenses
water as a magnifier to • Roman tragedian Seneca
read ''all the books of • 13th century, Venice
Rome''.
• monks in the middle
ages used glass
spheres as magnifying
glasses to read.
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• This was done while the • 10. Water Marks
paper was still wet/watery
and therefore the mark • Printing press in Italy, no
created by this process is data
called a watermark. • (1282) 13th century,
• -very useful in • Italy
the examination of paper
because it can be used for
dating, identifying sizes, mill
trademarks and locations,
and determining the quality
of a sheet of paper.
• -continue to be used today as
manufacturer's marks and to
prevent forgery..
(MIDDLE AGE ERA)
• Improve eyeglasses • 11. Bifocal lenses
• Bifocal lenses can be • Benjamin Franklin
used to treat with • 1784, Venice
nearsightedness and
presbyopia (with a
lower part for viewing
objects near at hand (as
in reading)).
(Modern Era)
• These are held in the binder by • 1.Paper Ring Binders
circular or D-shaped retainers,
onto which the contents are • Friedrich Soennecken
threaded. The rings are usually • 1886, Bonn, Germany
spring-loaded, but can also be
secured by lever arch
mechanisms or other securing
systems.
• The binders themselves are

typically made from plastic with
metal rings. Early designs were
patented during the early 1890s
to the early 1900s.
(Modern Era)
• Baekeland • 2. Synthetic Plastics
• It was the first synthetic plastic • Leo Baekeland
- the first to be derived not • 1907, USA
from plants or animals, but
from fossil fuels.
• -Baekeland used phenol, an
acid derived from coal tar. His
work opened the floodgates to
a torrent of now-familiar
synthetic plastics - polystyrene
in 1929, polyester in 1930,
polyvinylchloride (PVC) and
polythene in 1933, nylon in
1935.
(Modern Era)
• - to reduce the manual labor spent in • 3.Electric-Powered Washing
washing clothes Machine
• -The Thor was the first electric-powered • Alva J. Fisher of Hurley
washing machine Machine Company
• - earliest special-purpose mechanical washing • 1908 of Chicago, Illinois USA
device was the washboard, invented in 1797
by Nathaniel Briggs of New Hampshire.
• Previous to the invention of the electric-
powered washing machine,
• James King invented a machine that used a
drum device in 1851 that is still in use today
for some machines. His machine was hand
powered. In 1858 Hamilton Smith created the
first rotary powered washing machine. Rotary
power uses a 4-stroke combustion cycle. Both
of these inventions are what made Alva J.
Fisher's invention of the electric washing
machine possible.
(Modern Era)
• Dr Frederick Banting and medical • 4.Insulin
student Cahrles Best perform • Frederick Banting, Charles Best,
experiments on the pancreases of JJR Macleod, JB Collip
dogs in Toronto, Canada.
• 1920, Canada
• When pancreases were removed,
the dogs showed symptoms of
diabetes.
• The pancreas was then sliced and
ground up into an injectable extract.
This is injected a few times a day
which helped the dogs to regain
health. ‘insulin’ was the extract of
pancreas from cows.
• - they tested its effectivity to humans.
• After the group had experimented
enough to gain an understanding of
the required doses and how best to
treat hypoglycemia
(Modern Era)
• 5.Barcode
• -Neither Woodland nor Silver could • Norman Joseph Woodland,
make money from the business which American inventor
turned out to be a gold mine later on.
This is because they sold their patent to • 1948, Tenesee, USA
RCA in year 1952 for a very small
amount and this was long before the
technology was commercialized.
• This patent expired in year 1969,

around 5 years before barcodes were
used in the grocery stores. This was
truly an invention that was ahead of
the time.
• -The first product to have ever been

added to the barcode system was a
pack of Wrigley's chewing gum.
(Modern Era)
• Cell phones were originally • 6.First Mobile Phone
created so people could take • Martin Cooper, a senior engineer
while they drove. at Motorola
• -Initially called “car phones”, early • 1973
cell phones were bulky,
cumbersome, and expensive
compared to today’s modern
devices.
• The phone Cooper used weighed
a staggering 1.1kg and measured
in at 228.6x127x44.4mm.
• With this prototype device, you
got 30 minutes of talk-time and it
took around 10 hours to charge.
(Modern Era)
• 7.Corning Glass “Gorilla”
• to make glass thin and light enough for
mobile devices, but still tough enough to • Corning International
resist the scratches, bumps, and drops of • 2007
everyday use
• Applications include smartphones, slates,
tablets, PCs, TVs, and more.
• Corning Gorilla Glass 5, a new glass

solution that raises the bar for protection
against drops higher than ever, surviving
1.6-meter, shoulder-height drops onto
hard, rough surfaces up to 80% of the
time. That’s up to 4X better in drop
failure height than competitive glasses,
giving consumers the drop protection they
need if they fumble their phones while
snapping photos, texting on the go,
watching videos, or performing other
everyday activities at or below shoulder
level.
(Modern Era)
• 8.Human Head Transplant
• -the final goal of his project • Italian neurosurgeon Sergio Canavero
was life extension. • Process announced 2013, Italy
• -To be performed in Dec
2017,either in the US or
China.
• -Valery Spiridonov, the 30-yr
old Russian volunteer, has
Werdnig-Hoffmann disease,
or spinal muscular atrophy --
a debilitating, eventually fatal
condition.
• -successful operation mice ,
so far
(Modern Era)
• Putting all together the concepts and • 9. 3D model of DNA
ideas of other scientists mentioned • James Watson and Francis
above Watson and Crick was able to Crick
derive on the three dimensional, • April 1953, Cambridge Univ
double-helical model for the
structure of DNA.
• The discovery of the structure of

DNA leads to understanding of the
storage of genetic information,
replication and inheritance, and the
expression of the genetic message.
THE DARK AGE
(Gacho)
• The Dark Age – is commonly used to describe the
period between the Fall of the Roman Empire and
the beginning of the Italian Renaissance and the
Age of Exploration. This period corresponds to the
middle age or from 500 to 1500 A.D.
What was the main cause of the dark
age?
It was caused by the fall of the Western Roman
Empire due to pressure from mass migration of
Germans tribes and people like the Huns.
(The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the
Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century
AD.)
The dark age is also known as the MIGRATION
PERIOD or BARBARIAN INVASION in the Mediterranean
countries
Some Events Happened during the Dark
Age
• Fall of Western Roman Empire (476 A.D)
• Charles the Hammer and the Battle of Tours (732
A.D.)
• Charlemagne, the Emperor of Romans (800 A.D.)
• The Battle of Hastings (1066 A.D.)
• Declaration of the Magna Carta (1215 A.D.)
• The Great Famine (1315 – 1317 A.D.)
Migration Period = 400 A.D. – 700 A.D.
Reasons of some invaders:

1. For war and pillaging and they hated the ways of
the Romans
2. People did not have experience dealing with money,
writing on large cities
3. Changes – include pattern of property ownership,
law. Religion, and culture
4. Breakdown of trade and exported goods
caused the economy, social, and cultural life
began to dive.
5. Industries, manufacturing disappeared
6. Military and educational structures broke
down causing illiteracy
7. Decline in population
8. Trade volume reached the lowest levels in
history
9. Agricultural system broke down. Crop yields
decreasing.
10. Plantation owners had a hard time keeping

running away
11. Emergence of diseases like smallpox

affecting Western Europe
12. Plaque caused hundred million deaths

around the world.
THE RENAISSANCE
A period in European History from 14th – 17th
century regarded as the cultural bridge between
the Middle Age and Modern History
(the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical
models in the 14th–17th centuries.)
“Rebirth”, “Surge of Interest” in classical
learning and values. “Revival of Learning”
characterized by the following:
• Innovation
• Imagination
• Creativity
This new thinking became manifest in ART,
POLITICS, ARCHITECTURE, SCIENCE, and LITERATURE.
It was a time during which new and inventive

ideas began to spread and gain influence
1440 First printing press with metal movable

type by Johannes Gutenberg, a
German goldsmith
First parachute, designed by Leonardo da Vinci in
his writings. Da Vinci was an Italian artist, scientist,
1485 architect, engineer and inventor and coined as the
“Renaissance Man” being a person with knowledge
and skills in a number of different areas. In fact, he
also theorized the flying machines (1492) and
designed more inventions like the water wheel
(1510).
Pocket watch, invented by Peter Henlein, a

clockmaker from the Nuremberg, Germany as he
1510 claimed to create portable clocks. Henlein is
considered the “Father of the modern clock” and
the originator of the entire clock making industry
that we know today. In 1656, Christian Huygens
invented the pendulum clock and in 1675, patented
the pocket watch.
Compound microscope by Zacharias Janssen

1590
Water thermometer by Galileo Galilei; in 1643, the barometer

1593 was invented by Evangelista Torrecelli; - mercury thermometer
by Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724.
Refracting telescope by Hans

Lippershey. In 1663, the reflecting
1608 telescope was invented by Isaac
Newton
Steam turbine invented by Giovanni Branca; in 1698,

steam pump was invented by Englishman Thomas
1629 Saveryto drain water from mines.
In 1712, the first steam engine was invented by
Thomas Newcomen; and improve one by James
Watt in 1769
1774 Electric telegraph; 1799,

Alessandro Volta invented the
battery
1796 Small pox vaccination was

created by Edward Gener
Other Inventions during the Modern
Era
• Steam Engine
• Printing Press
• Electricity
• Banking credit card
• Robots, Artificial Intelligence
• Radio, TV, Internet
• Calculator, telephone, Celphone
• Automobile, Airplane,
• Camera, Light bulb,
• Penicillin and etc.
(FILIPINO TECHNOLOGY)
Dr. Dequillo
• -to find way what to do with surplus
U.S Military jeeps from World War II. • 1. Philippine Jeepney
Filipinos inherited the leftover ones • Leonardo Sarao
and -made them public transits. • 1953, Las Pinas, Phil
• - dubbed as the "King of the Road"

and known for their crowded seating
and flamboyant decorations, which
have become a ubiquitous symbol
of Philippine culture and art.
• However, this transportation is proof
of the Filipinos’ creativity and ability
to improvise technology into more
useful forms.
• Vitamin B is released by the body • 2. “Vitamin Beer”- vit B
fortified beer from rice syrup
with too much beer • Dr. Virgilio L. MALANG
consumption; so beer is fortified and Yasmin E. MALANG
with vitamin B. • 2004, Philippines
• At the same time, it is to produce
economic beer using indigenous
material.
• citations reaped during the 2004
With
Genius Europe billed as the Vitamin B
International Exhibition of complex
Inventions, Works of Fine and
Applied Arts at the Budapest Fair
Center, Hungary last May 1-4
• 3. Diwata-1 / PHL-
Microsat-1 (Philippine
• -Hokkaido University and Tohoku University Scientific Earth
of Japan initiated a project to send 50 Observation Microsatellite-
microsatellites into space by 2050. 1)
• The project will photograph aftermaths of • Filipino scientists and
engineers
natural disasters, partnering with • Jan 2016, Japan Aerospace
governments, universities and other Exploration Agency (JAXA)
organizations based in Bangladesh, Diwata
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia, 1
Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.
• Two satellites are commissioned for the

Philippine government
• Diwata-1, launched on April 2016, is the first
microsatellite owned by the Philippine Diwata
government involving by Japanese and 2
Filipino engineers,
• 4. Agapito
• Agapito Flores Flores was born on
• was born on September 28, September 28, 1897.
1897.
• However, Peter Cooper
Hewitt already had a patent
for a type of fluorescent lamp
that emitted greenish light in
1901.
• That makes Flores 4 years old
when Hewitt invented his
fluorescent lamp!
• Agapito Flores
• did not invent the
fluorescent lamp.
• Pedro Edralin Flores Pedro Edralin Flores
(26 April 1896 – 3 (26 April 1896 – 3 January 1964)
January 1964) was a

Filipino businessman
and yo-yo maker who
has been credited with
Versions of the yo-yo are said to
popularizing Yo-yos in have originated in ancient Greece
or even earlier in China, but the
the United States. first yo-yo craze seized Americans
in the mid-19th century when
several manufacturers patented
improvements to the toy.
• Dedicated her life to the cause of 4.Dra. Fe Villanueva del Mundo,
pediatrics in the Philippines, was a Filipina pediatrician, the
Doctor Fe Del Mundo– credited withfounder of the first pediatric
studies that lead to the invention of hospital in the Philippines.
an improved incubator. Her
invention has saved countless
premature infants around the world.
• Are you aware that the medical

incubator was invented by a
Filipino? Her name is Fe del Mundo.
The medical incubator has saved
countless of premature infants all
around the world.
• 5. The world's first
• Del Rosario holds a patent to the karaoke machine, the Juke-
box , was built by
Sing Along System, Japanese inventor and
musician Daisuke Inoue in
a karaoke machine which he 1971. But it is
developed in 1975. Filipino inventor Roberto del
Rosario who holds the
• He filed a patent infringement machine's patent. He
developed the Karaoke Sing-
case against a Chinese company Along System in 1975.
before the Supreme Court. The
court ruled that the company
violated his patent rights over
his karaoke machine in 1996. ...
Inoue invented the karaoke in
1971.
• 6. Benjamin D. Cabrera
• Benjamin D. Cabrera has been
involved in medical
parasitology and public health
and has published over 100
scientific studies. He has
developed innovative drug
treatments for mosquito-
borne diseases. He earned
the Philippine Legion of
Honor for his work with
filariasis, a parasitic disease.
He also worked on controlling
Ascariasis, a human disease
caused by a parasitic
roundworm.
• Benito S. Vergara is an 7. Benito S. Vergara
expert on the flowering
response of rice to
photoperiodism and
physiology. His research
has led to improvement
of deep water rice, rice
that is tolerant to floods
and cold temperatures,
and increased
production.
• It was in 1949 when a Filipino
physician, Dr. Abelardo B. Aguilar,
found something remarkable in
Ilonggo soil.
• Aguilar was studying samples he

obtained from a Molo cemetery
(some accounts refer to it as “his
own backyard”) and stumbled upon a
species of bacteria called
𝘚𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘦𝘢
(formerly 𝘚𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺𝘤𝘦𝘴
𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘦𝘶𝘴).
• This includes respiratory tract

infections, skin infections, Acute
tonsillitis, chlamydia infections, pelvic
inflammatory disease, and syphilis.
Intellectual revolutions that defined
society
(Dr.Dequillo)
What is intellectual revolution all
about?
• The term "Intellectual Revolution" is used
to refer to Greek speculation about the
"nature" in the period before Socrates
(roughly 600 to 400 BCE). Hence, the
alternative, technical terms are "pre
Socratic" or "non-theological" or "first
philosophy".
What is intellectual revolution?
• refer to Greek speculation about the "nature" in

the period before Socrates (roughly 600 to 400
BCE).
"pre Socratic" or "non-theological" or "first
philosophy". – more on physics and logic
• showed how society was transformed by science
and technology
• What created day and night?
• What heavenly bodies are like stars,
moons and planets are?
• What was actually out there at the
outer space?
Questions:
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT
DEFINED SOCIETY
• COPERNICAN. This caused the

paradigm shift of how the
earth and sun were placed in
the heavens/universe. It is the
idea that rejected Ptolemaic
model (earth is the center of
the solar system) and proved
the heliocentric model (Sun is
the center of the solar system
having the earth revolving
around it.)
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
• Famous Greek
philosopher and
astronomer.
• Stated that the planets, the sun and
the moon moved in a circular
motion around the earth
– existence of days and nights
• advocate and supporter of
Aristotle’s idea of the model of
the universe (GEOCENTRIC).
Claudius Ptolemy
• a superseded
description of the
Universe with
Earth at the center.
• Under the
geocentric model,
the Sun, Moon,
stars, and planets
all orbited Earth.
Geocentrism/
Geocentric Model
• A Polish mathematician
and astronomer.
• developed his model of
a Sun-centered
universe.
• explained the daily and
yearly motion of the
sun and stars in the
universe
Nicholas Copernicus
Revolutionary astronomer
• The center of the
solar system is not
the Earth but
actually the sun
• Started the birth of
modern astronomy/
• scientific
revolution/
transformation of
society’s thoughts
and beliefs
Heliocentrism/
Heliocentric Model
Galileo Galilei.
• He became an outspoken advocate of the
Copernican model of the universe
(HELIOCENTRIC). He discovered the
phases of Venus. He also claimed to have
discovered sunspots and he found that
the sun rotates.
• His abrasive and outspoken criticism of

Aristotelian philosophy and his obvious
acceptance of the Copernican worldview,
particularly in his Dialogue concerning the
Two Chief World Systems (see Florentine
Period), led him into serious trouble with the founder of the
Roman Catholic Church, which placed him science of physics
under house arrest for the last eight years of
his life. He was nevertheless able to continue
writing and research.
Heliocentric Model
(Sun is the Center of the Solar System)
DEFINED SOCIETY
• Darwinism is a theory of
biological evolution developed
by the English naturalist
Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
and others, stating that all
species of organisms arise and
develop through the natural
selection of small, inherited
variations that increase the
individual's ability to compete,
survive, and reproduce.
Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
NATURAL SELECTION
DEFINED SOCIETY
• Sigmund
Freud: Freud developed the
psychoanalytic theory of
personality development,
which argued that
personality is formed
through conflicts among
three fundamental
structures of the human
mind: the id, ego, and
superego.
• emphasized the
influence of the
unconscious mind on
behavior.
• Freud believed that the
human mind was
composed of three
conflicting elements:
the id, the ego, and the
superego.
Freud’s Theory
Group Activity
• Give their Intellectuals and their
contributions to the development of
science.
• Group 1. Nicolaus Copernicus
• Group 2. Charles Darwin
• Group 3. Sigmund Freud
DEFINED SOCIETY
• This has been the era in

which technology has
• Information been prevalent. It is also
known as the Computer
/Computer Age Age that has brought so
much change on how are
we living today.
• Friendster Founder -Jonathan
Abram
• Facebook-
• Mark Zuckerberg
DEFINED SOCIETY
• MESO • • It has contributed a lot

ideas or discoveries for
AMERICAN Archaeology.
• The temples and
pyramids left a lot
about of Architecture
that leads us to study
more of it.
DEFINED SOCIETY
• The revolution itself

taught Asian countries
• ASIAN about freedom and
independent
nationhood along the
improvement brought
by it internally
DEFINED SOCIETY
• The revolutions in the

Middle East were a product
• MIDDLE EAST of the development and
growth of individual
nationalism, imperialism,
for the efforts to westernize
and modernize Middle
Eastern societies, and to
push the declining power of
the Ottoman Empire in the
Arab region.
DEFINED SOCIETY
• The fight against colonialism

• AFRICA and imperialism in Africa.
Questions for Reflection:
1. Why do you think were most intellectual
ideas controversial?
• 2. Why did the people accept these new
discoveries despite being contradictory to
what was widely accepted at that time?
3. How do intellectual revolutions transform
societies?
Video Presentation
• 1. How students will develop an understanding
of the effects of technology on the
environment.
of the role of society in the development and
use of technology.
of the influence of technology on history.
of the relationships among technologies and
the connection between technology and other
fields of study.

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COURSE DESCRIPTION:

 The course deals with interactions between science,

 When Technology and Humanity Cross

 Why the Future does not need us

 The Nano World

 Save Mother Earth

 Culminating Activity – Creative presentation about

Information and Materials

BRONZE AGE (3500 – 1200 B.C) – is the era where

Franks (but To hold the foot Transformed warfare;

Ancient Chinese Arrived at Western

Designed for Helped to launch an era

Rediscovered For sea travel; Key to the long-distance

To replace the Led to increase food

Reinvented in An impressive and

For making Helped Venice

First Seneca/ For magnifying Facilitated reading and

13th-14th Buttons Rediscovered For ornamental Buttons became

It was caused by the fall of the Western

 Fallof Western Roman Empire (476 A.D)

 Declaration of the Magna Carta (1215 A.D.)

 The Great Famine (1315 – 1317 A.D.)

Reasons of some invaders:

10. Plantation owners had a hard time keeping

11. Emergence of diseases like smallpox

12. Plaque caused hundred million deaths

“Rebirth”, “Surge of Interest” in classical learning and

It was a time during which new and inventive

1440 First printing press with metal movable type by Johannes

First parachute, designed by Leonardo da Vinci in his writings.

Pocket watch, invented by Peter Henlein, a clockmaker from

1590 Compound microscope by Zacharias Janssen

1593 Water thermometer by Galileo Galilei; in 1643, the barometer

1608 Refracting telescope by Hans Lippershey. In 1663, the reflecting

Steam turbine invented by Giovanni Branca; in 1698, steam

1752 Lightning rod by Benjamin Franklin; 1780 he further invents

1774 Electric telegraph; 1799, Alessandro Volta invented the battery

1796 Small pox vaccination was created by Edward Gener

 Banking credit card

 Robots, Artificial Intelligence

 Radio, TV, Internet

 Calculator, telephone, Celphone

 Camera, Light bulb,

 Penicillin and etc.

• A time when the usual and accepted way of

1. The development of better Power Sources to

3. The development of improved processes for

 1st few years of his

 Signed R.A 11035 “Act institutionalizng the BALIK SCIENTIST

 This program would give incentives to returning filipinos

 DOST launched the Harmonized National

 Highly developed culture of innovation.

 World class universities in S&T.

 Additional internationally recognized Filipino

Prepared by: Dr. Julius P. Dequillo

• one can conclude that the developments in

• The classical Latin pistillum,

• used in the preparation of drugs,

• Previously, arrowheads firmly

• Water mills diminished much of

• This is an inertia-sensing instrument

• - Zhang Heng,considered the Chinese

• -Sheng had found an overall solution