Inspiring Communication aa Muay usien LFS aU i ee micas NON pase opePERSPECTIVES UPPER INTERMEDIATE Hugh DELLAR Andrew WALKLEY Lewis LANSFORD Donel BARBER Amanda JEFFRIES NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNINGWELCOME TO PERSPECTIVES! Perspectives teaches learners to think critically and to develop the language skills they need to find their own voice in English. The carefully guided language lessons, real-world stories and TED Talks motivate learners to think creatively and communicate effectively. In Perspectives, learners develop: AN OPEN MIND Every unit explores one idea from different perspectives, giving learners opportunities for practising language as they look at the id in new ways. {64 Gvluenandconsenation 6 Adapt to survive cau© ACRITICAL EYE Students lear the critical thinking skils and strategies they need to evaluate new information and develop their own opinions and ideas to share. 2 Teale © ACLEAR VOICE Students respond to the unit theme and express their own ideas confidently in English (6 Finding asolton an inree Man UN READING Experiences abroad A podcastabout «resent and past Anaticle abouta tudyrabvoad forms dsappeating vay of Voctiay erie eg Fes building Prog even Phrasal verbs rtical thinking Evaluating ideas LOR e unc Setting upanew lecture Fresent perfect An infographic business ‘about young formsand past about online crime Vocabulary ple? ates Gritical thinking building Interpreting data Adjective and noun callocations 1 enka nCce yy reece Describing Fourpeople taking Determiners An article bout the sportspeople ‘about sportspeople lengths countries they admire ‘ill oto in order to Necabulen, host the Olympics building 5 and do wel synonyms in texts Critical thinking Supporting arguments Cultural events ‘Apodcast about art Future forms 1 —_Anartcle about projects an innovative Vocabulary building Adjective and noun collocations 2 Gitical thinking Understanding and evaluating ideas programme for teaching music Scienceinaction Arado programme Thepassve1 —_Anartcleabout why uit ie hack humans are cur f) Vocabulary abourlfehicks Pronunciation Ce building Siresinthe Cita thinking ‘Adjective endings passive Asking critical questions erased PereeG) Used to and would Pronunciation Blded Verb patterns (ing or Infinitive with 1) Comparatives and Superlatives Pronunciation Linking words together in fast speech Future forms 2 Pronunciation Contrastive stress The passive 2 1 OTALKS Boag Advice / Making Joe Gebbia'sidea worth spreadng recom: is that we can design products mendations services and experiences that fel ‘more local, authentic and that strengthen human connections ‘Authentic listening skills Reporting Persuading James Veitch idea Pronunc spreadingis that spam emailcan Intonation for lead us to some surprising, bizare | persuasion and often hilarious exchanges wih others, Authentic listening skills Intonation and pitch Reporting findings David Epsten’s idea worth spreading s thatthe amazing achievements of many modern day athletes are thanks toa complex set of factors, not) natural ability. Authentic listening skills Slowing down and stressing words Making suggestions Robert Hammond's idea worth spreading is that we can work together to turn abandoned and neglected parts of our cities inte vibrant community spaces. ‘Authentic listening skills Recognizing words you know Staging and hypothesizing Beau Lotto and Amy O'Toole's idea ‘worth spreading is that all of us an be scientists if we approach the world withthe curiosity, Interest, innacence and zeal of Authentic listening skills Fillers a Ateview Writing skill Adding comments A persuasive article Writing skill Getting people's attention Asurvey Writing skill Describing statistics Aforand nstessay Writing skill Introducing arguments Ascientiic method Writing skill Describing a processSU Endangered species Vocabulary building Compound nouns Breaking the mould Vocabulary building Noun forms Ce Ee Tod Identity and ‘communication Vocabulary building Compound adjectives, cc) Dealing with ister Vocabulary building the-+ adjective ra ru Pages 104-115 ness and injury Vocabulary building Dependent prepositions | JT Sachi ur) Pica Mia Aninterview with a conservationist about extinction podcast the Importance of creativity Aninterview with a gil about intercultural ‘communication ‘radio programme about crisis mapping Atedio programme about Inspiring fils ‘Modal verbs and meaning Fi, second, thiid and mixed cone Reported speech Pronunciation Stress for clatfication Reative clauses Boresing past ability Pronunciation Suess on auslares READING Anonlineartice about an endangered animal Critical thinking Assessing Information Anarticle about tests of creativity Critical thinking Fact and opinion Anattcle about different sub-cultures around the world Critical thinking Understanding other Perspectives ‘Anarticle about how the United Nations givesa voice to young people Critical thin} Detecting bias Anattcle about the fight against superbugs Critical thinking Thinking through the consequencesNN Modal verbs and Infinitive forms Pronunciation Wish, ifonly, would rather Pronunciation Elision of final consonants tand d Patterns after reporting verbs Pertciple clauses Pronunciation ing forms Emphatic structures Pronunciation ‘Adding emphasis Grammar referen TALKS Latif Nasser’ idea worth spreadng is that in science, andin life, we ‘are making surprising discoveries that force us to reexamine ou assumptions. Authentic listening skills Understanding fast speech Fin McKean’s idea worth spreading is that making up new words wil help us use language toexpress vihat we mean and will cteate new ways for us to understand one another, ‘Authenticlistening skills Speeding up and slowing down speech Safwat Saleem'sidea worth spreading is that we all benefit When we use our work and our voices to question and enlarge aur understanding of what i ‘normal Authentic listening sis Becci Mansorts idea worth spreading is that photographs held ‘our memories and our histories, ‘connecting us to each other and io the past. Authentic listening skills Intonation and completing a poirt Janine Shepherds idea worth spreading is that we have inner strength and spirit that is much ‘more powerful than the physical capabilities of even the greatest athletes ‘Authentic listening skills Collaborative listening ular verb Ist 148. Wiiting bank 149 SPEAKING Telling anecdotes Offering solutions Challenging teas and assumptions Countering ‘opposition Developing conwersatio WRITING Api solution essay w opie sentences 9 skill Ateport Writing skill Cohesion complaint Writing skill Using appropriate tone Aletterof application Writing skill Structuring an application Asuccess story Writing skill Using descriptive verbsPeete neste ee Eee ecu cee as RON og eee eC Pere a PRM PNE Leta enna ncn Mee CET acl NI}octet Poo eac neers reise enea NUR CCS Cultural exchange VOCABULARY Experiences abroad Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. + What do you normally do during the holidays? + Have you been abroad? if yes, where? Ifno, would you lke to? Why? / Why not? + What do you know about student exchanges and study-abroad programmes? Check you understand the words and phrases in bold, Use adictionary if necessary. Then tell your partner which experiences you think are good and which are bad. Give your reasons. 1 be left to your own devices 8 gohiking in the mountains 2 find people very welcorning 9 hang out with local people 3 geta bitof a culture shock 10 lie around a house all day 4 geta real feel forthe place 11 see all the sights 5 get food poisoning 12 stay ina BEB 6 get off the beaten track 13 stay with a host family 7 get robbed 14 take a while to get used to the food ‘Work in groups. Look at the words and phrases in Exercise 2. Discuss + Which ate most /least connected tovisitrs to your county? + Which have you done? Or which have happened to you? When? + Which three do you most want to remember and use? Why Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the questions. + Hows the market different from a market close to where you live? How would visting this place makeyou feel? Why? + Which words and phrases in Exercise 2 can you use to describe what ishappening? Make alist. Then explain your choices toa partner Complete the description with words and phrases from Exercise 2 In the past it was very common for teenagers to do student exchanges where they would go abroad and stayin eact other's homes. The idea was not only to learn a new language but to (1) with the local teenagers, even go to thelr school and geta (2)________the place and culture. Sometimes the (3) __was very welcoming and students got on \well with the people in the home, but other times the (4)_____ was. too much because they couldn't (5) the food and ended up being leftto their (6)____. Maybe that’s why these daysit is more common for teenagers to go on a group trip abroad where everyone stays in a (7)____ or hastel tagether. During the trp, students go and see @_ and only briefly meet up with a group from a local school. This way teenagers don’t (9)____a foreign house all day and there is no awkwardness. The worst that could happen might be a case of (1¢)___froma bad prawn and some sore feet from walking around the town. Work in pairs. Which of the two programmes described in Exercise 5 do you think is better? Why? Unit 1 Travel, wustand tourism 9LISTENING @ Listen to the first part of a podcast about study-abroad programmes. Find out: 41 who can do these programmes. 2 how long people can go abroad and study. 3 when the system started 4 what the possible benefits are. Q Listen to Kenji and Catalina, Answer the questions. 1 Where did they do their study-abroad programmes? 2 How long did they stay for? 3 id the trip increase ther understanding of other cultures and develop their language skis? Ifyes, how doyou know? © Work in pairs. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (®).Then listen again to check your answers. [ilk fore studying 1 Kenji had visited several countie abroad in Munich, 2. He was really excited about studying abroad, His host family heloed him develop a better understanding of the German language. He's still in touch with his host family, Catalina has family roots* in tly She felt at home as soon as she ative. After a few weeks, she spoke enough Italian to do what she needed to do, 8 She's glad she went to italy but has no plans to go back family roots original place where family is fiom Some study-abroad programmes allow students to visit countries like China where Ce ee occ 10 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism © my Perspective Work in pairs. Think of two more benefits and three possible issues students might face when doing a study-abroad programme. Then discuss the questions. + What do you think the biggest benefit is? Why? ‘+ What do you think the biggest issue is? Why? GRAMMAR Present and past forms. ® Look at the sentences in the Grammar box. Decide: 11 which two are about the present. 2. which four are about the past 3 which two describe actions that happened before something else ir the past. 4 which three use simple forms. 5 which three use continuous forms. Ens | Iwas actually thinking about canceling my tip. b dbeen wanting to go therefor ages. ¢ Were talking aboutstudy-abroad programmes. d Id neverleft Argentina! €@ [spent six months inGermary lst year. £Iiniss my host family.© Match the rules (1-6) with the examples (a-f) in the Grammar box. 1 We use the present simple to talk about habits, permanent states and things that are generally true 2. We use the present continuous to tak about actions fe see as ternporaty, in progress and unfinished We use the past simple to describe finished actions in the past, especially when there is one finished action after another. ‘We use the past continuous to emphasize an action in progress around a time in the pas 5 We use the past perfect simple to emphasize that one thing happened before a particular point in the past. 6 We use the past perfect continuous to tak about an action that was in progress over a period of time up t0 or before a particular point in the past. © Complete the extract by putting each verb in brackets into the best form. Healy (1) (love) traveling. t's probably the most important thing in my life. ™m 17 now, and! (2) (pian) to spend the sumer (on a National Geographic Student Expedition! | actually @)___(@0) on my first adventure tip a couple of years ago when I (4) (Spend) two months in China, It was the fst time | (Canes (ever / go) abroad, and | (©) _____ (ove) every minute of itt While we (7) (tay) in Being, we @ (sit) the Great Wall of China ‘which was something | () (dream) of doing ever since I was a child, Just amazing! do) (hope) to do an expedition to celand next year and stay somewhere really off the beaten track. ® Complete the pairs of sentences by putting one of the verbs in brackets into the correct simple form and the other into the correct continuous form. Ne usually spend) with my grendparents at their house on the coast. Ub This summer, though, my brother i in Coste Rica, He (stay) with a host family there. (go) hiking in the Summers 2a Thisweekend | mountains with some friends, 2b The coach (leave) at sic every morning, sc we should be at the bus station 15 minutes before, 3a | (get) really bad food poisoning while | was in Scotland. ve no idea why! 3b Things got worse when somebody stole my suitcase while (wait) in the queue to buy tian tickets to Glasgo 44a. | spoke good French by the time I left Québ because! (hang out) with the locals forth last few months ofthe ski season, 4b It wasa great trip, but scary, because] never (to) skiing before © You are going to tell a story. Choose one of the situations below. Then plan what you want to say about where you were and when ~ and what happened during your time there. Think about how to use all four past forms at least once. a Something that happened while you were on holiday bb Atimeyou stayed with other people ¢ Aplace you have visited © Work in pairs. Tell each other your stories. OEM yee1B Ask for a lift VOCABULARY BUILDING Phrasal verbs We often use phrasal verbs in conversation instead of more formal words. They are very comman in English The meaning of a verb often changes when itis used ina phrasal verb. @ Rewrite the italics using the correct forms of these phrasal verbs, come downto queue up break dawn’ pull up pickup tum out 1 They offered to give me a lift to the airport and collected mefiom the hotel at eight o'clock. 2. The bus stopped working on the way there so we were five hours late, 3 [twas the New Year holiday, so had to waitin aline for hours to get a tran ticket. 4 think the changes are basicaly because. two things, wealth and technology. 5 Acar stopped by the side ofthe road and the driver asked us for directions. 6 | was worried because 'd never been abroad before, but everything was great in the end, © Write sentences using these phrasal verbs. hangout _liearound _lookafter __stepout © Work in pairs. Look at the photo on page 13 and discuss the questions. + What is happening? + Which of the phrasal verbs in Exercise | can you connect to the photo? Explain your chotces. READING @ Read about hitchhiking and match these headings with the numbered paragraphs (1-6). a Fear b More wealth © New needs and opportunities d Legal restrictions e Low-cost flights f Greater access to cars 12 Unit Tiavel, rust and tourism © Work in pairs, Which of these ideas does the author present? What evidence is given? 1 There used to bear more hitchhikers 2 There was a high number of robberies involving hitchhikers. It's difficult to find a place to hitchhike these days. Mote people drive compared tothe past. Air travel is safer than driving or hitchhiking, We are wasting alot of eneray by driving alone. People only hitcthike now if they are poor. Hitchhiking brings benefits to communities and individuals. eyauae © Work in pairs. Imagine you are standing at the side of a road trying to hitchhike. Tell your story. Before you do, talk and make notes about: + where you are gcing + why you are hitchhiking, + how you are feeling, + what happens next. + how the story ends @ Tall your stories to other people in your class. Vote on the best one, Explain why itis the best story. CRITICAL THINKING Evaluating ideas Evaluating ideas and udging them against other perspectives helps toform a basis for developing your ‘own point of view. © Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 Which is the most important reason the author gives for the decline initchhiking? Do you agree? How important are the other easons? 2. What comparison does the author provide from the ‘website Wand'1ly? Do you think itis fair comparison? Why? / Why not? 3 How is the example of hitchhiking in Virginia different from other kinds? Does this make it safer? Why? / Why not? 4 Why do you think the author says he gota different perspective to other tourists? Do you think that is. true? Do you think his perspective was better? Why? / Why not? © My PERSPECTIVE Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. + Doyou think more hitchhiking is a good idea? ‘What other reasons could there be for doing it? + How could you make hitchhiking safer?Where did all the hitchhikers go? Twas driving along the other day, and 1 passed a man sticking his thumb out. He was asking fora lift. When we had gone past, my daughter, who is 15, asked me, ‘What was that man doing” ‘The (question surprised me because hitchhiking used to be So common, I used to do ivall the time when I was a student going home (o visit friends, and I also spent One summer hitching around South Amierica, Often when you went to some hitching spots, you'd have to queue up behind several others already waiting For a lift it was so popular, So what happened? Why is it ‘so fare now? The authors of Freakonomics, Stephen Dubner and Steve Levitt, have also asked this question in one of their regular poxlcasts and suggested it probably comes clown to five main reasons, (1) Several horror films have shown psychotic drivers who kidnap and murder the hitchhiker they pick up (or vice vversa), and this has been reinforced by certain storie the media of people getting robbed and being left in the middle of nowhere, Unsurprisingly, this has caused trust to break down, Some people believe that the chances Of these things happening are small, The website Wand'tly, for example, suggests people are far more likely to dic by tipping and falling than hitchhiking, Q) ‘There fre more major roads now than there used to. be, and hitching is either banned! or drivers are not lowed to pull up. 6) transport expert, points to the fact that ‘ars last longer so there are more of them available at a cheaper have driving licences, ® In the past, young people simply couldn't afford to fly long distances ard travelling by train wasn’t necessarily much quicker than travelling by car. However, now we have budget airlines making air travel more accessible price and) what's moie, many more people Gupte Alongside that, people's standard of living has increased and perhaps people opt for higher levels of comfort, privacy or reliability when they travel, 6 {rouble is that privacy comes ata cost. Levitt and Dubner state that in the USA, 80 percent of passenger Space in cars is unused, which makes them more ‘Cosily Lo operate and creates unnecessary trafic and pollution, The solution could be more hitchhiking! ‘They give the eximple of a city in Virginia, where Commuters have organized! a spot where they meet (0 hitch a lit so drivers with no passengers can use f nes on the freeway that are reserved for cars that contain more than one person. Fresh fears But what about gens parents about the dan, them about all the amazing experiences I'd hac and the generous, interesting people I'd met. And I think it genuinely gave me a different perspective (0 other travellers and tourists. But now 1 look at my daughter and T wonder about hier going on a tip, Would Twant her to go hitchhiking? 3 ane Te