SAZALI BIN HUSIN
Transport Safety: Object Alert With
Distance Measurement
Abstract—- This project is about research
of the safety distance for the transport.
Most of the accidents cause by the blind
spot, in this project is to find the solution
of it. Now a day, there are many way to
smaller the blind sport like parking
sensor, but the traffic accident increase
every year. This project found out that
the blind spot of the heavy transport is
bigger than the others. Show that the
heavy transport like lorry is the most
needed of distance sensor. From the
research also show that the function of
parking sensor today is not enough. This
project is successfully create a new type of
distance sensor which can detect and
show the distance in cm of different
direction from different sensor by using
the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR -04.The
finding of this project archived the
objectives that help the diver grasp
situation surrounding transport and
reduce the traffic accident.
Keywords-component; formatting; style;
styling; insert (key words)
I. INTRODUCTION
A transport like a car, van, lorry even a
ship have their blind spot. The larger
body of the transport the larger the blind
spot of it because of it the major
transport more easily cause the accident.
Every day more that hander of people
lost in the accident.becouse of it.
Problem statement
Blind spots are the areas that cannot be
seen in a driver’s forward vision or rear
and side-view mirrors. It is not illegal to
drive in other vehicle’s blind spots - in
fact, if you’re driving in heavy traffic
there’s often no way to avoid it. But,
driving in someone else’s blind spot (or
someone else driving in yours) creates
an unsafe situation.
LAU YU JIAN
Electrical Engineering Department
Seberang Perai Polytechnic
Figure 1.1: The danger of blind sport
Objective
The objective of this project are:
1. Detect and show the distance
in centimetre cm
2. Help the diver grasp situation
surrounding transport
3. Detect different distance in cm
whit different direction.
Scope of project
The scope of project are:
1. To use car model as prototype
2. To Use ultrasonic sensor as
distance sensor
LITERATURE REVIEW
Blind spots
Figure 2.1: Car mirror blind spot
Driving alongside tractor-trailer trucks
is a part of everyday travel for most of
us. However, many motorists don't
realize that big trucks have blind spots
and erroneously assume that by being
higher up, the truck driver must be able
to see them. And many drivers,
especially newer ones, don't know
where a trucker's blind spots are, which
can lead to dangerous incidents in
which the passenger car bears the brunt
of the outcome. This article will tell you
how to stay out of a truck's blind spots.
Here are a few tips to remember about
large trucks and their blind spots:

Figure 2.2: Blind spot of truck

Safety distance

Over 300
The most safety distance that a transport
should keep from other object is over
150cm.
METHODOLOGY
300cm -150cm
Normally an transport should take the
distance 300cm to 45 cm to the other
transport of object because in this
distance the blind sport is the most
small.

150cm -60cm
150cm – 60cm is the distance that most
of the diver that take from the other
transport on the road. It is not a very
safe distance but also not a very danger
distance.

60cm-30cm
45 cm to 25cm is the danger distance
because the distance is already close to
your transport if you suddenly changer
the direction or line may hit the object.
Not only that in this distance, the object
has big probability in in the blind sport.

Less than 30cm

If the distance is less that 25 cm is main
that something is very closes to the
transport. It is very danger, when
something is close less than 25 cm to
the transport ever move of the transport
may can hit it and cause the accident.
Because of that the diver should very
careful and slow down the transport.
The distance lees that 15 cm from the
transport is very danger because in this
distance mean that the object is 100% in
the blind sport. In this distance the
transport will not take more than 1s to
hit the thing, and the major transport is
big and hard to stop let the diver may
can’t stop in time.
 When the right distance is more than
50cm and the left distance is less than
50cm , the direction will be left . The
LEC second line will show “Distance :
< left distance range>”
.

Figure 4.3 The output when direction is

left

Front (<<>>)
If two rage is also less than 50 direction
will be front. The LCD will show
“Distance : < the least range compare
RESULT AND ANALYSIS two distance >”

This project is a project of Arduino

with HC-SR 04 ultrasonic sensor. With
two or more sensor the sensor can be
detect different of distance in different
direction.

In the first part of program is the Figure 4.4 The output when direction is
calculation of the distances for the two front
sensor.

In the second part program will separate

the situation base on the range of
distance.

Nothing ( >50)
When two distance range also more
than 50 is in situation nothing. In this
situation on the first LCD will show the
Figure 4.1 Project screen show a world”Noting”. LED light green and
distance buzzer is off.

Right ( >>>> )
If the left distance is more than 50cm
and the right distance is less than 50cm ,
the direction will be right . The LCD
second line will show “ Distance : <
right distance rage>”
Figure 4.5 Output when
nothing

Safe (50 cm-40 cm)

In range 50 until 40 is safe situation. In
this situation on the first LCD will show
the word ”Safe”. LED blink greed and
Figure 4.2 The output when direction is buzzer sound 0.2ms , off 2.5s
right

Left (<<<<)

Figure 4.6 Output when safe
Attention (40cm -25 cm)
In range 40 until 25 is Attention
situation. In this situation on the first
LCD will show the word” Attention”.
LED light yellow and buzzer sound 2ms
,off 1s
Figure 4.7 Output when
Attention
Stop (<10)
When less than 10 is stop situation. the
frist LCD will show the world” Stop”.
LED light red and buzzer On.
Figure 4.2 Output when Stop
DISCUSSION
In the beginning i start with research
about the title of the project.After study
from many of ideas, finally i fround the
title i want to do. In about a months i
study and research of Problem
Statement, Objectives of this project,
Scope and Limitation Project,
Significant of Project.In the next step i
find out the tools and components need
to use and learn about their theoy of
them.
Afther collected all the tools and
components, i designed the circuit of
project 1.the circuit i want builted on a
bread board for testing the circuit and
coding. The PIC i use is Arduino R3,
the coding was writed using the
Arduino software. After many of many
time of testing the coding and circuit
until the coding and circuit was
functioning greatly.
By using the Protues software i draw
the circuit in the computer and transfer
Danger (25 cm-10 cm)
In range 20 until 10 is danger situation.
In this situation on the first LCD will
show the word” Danger”. LED blink
red and buzzer sourd 2ms ,off 2ms
Figure 4.2 Output when Danger
into PCB layout. In the screen of
computer will not cleary so i printed out
the layout into paper. When make sure
the layout is prefect by check thought
the printing just i print the real layout in
the ecthing layout paper. Afther that
was eaching the PCB.
the propasaland the other paper work
that started prepare for the presentation
1.
In the second sem i study back the
project i done in last sem and start do
research to find the idea to upgrade my
project.Afther the long time of research
i decided to upgrade project into two
ultarsonic sensor, which of the sensor
will detect defferent distance.I start
connect the two ultarsonic sensor to
the arduinor and design the coding to
testing the idea work or not.
After a few time of improve finally 2
sensor can detact different distance.
That based on that i add on the coding
that to indentify the derectiong of the
distances.In the beginning is just only
have left and right, after a few time of
modify i add on the front derection. I try
to put the new coding into the coding i
done when last sem and modify the
circuit last sem.After repeated the
testing and correction, finally get the
output I want.
Because the circuit is changes, so I need
do again the etching from the design of
the circuit in Protues 8 until complete
the PCB. Then is drill hole and solder
the components at the PCB. Not like the
other, I didn’t soldered all the
components directly by some of the References
component I take place with connector
to make the component can remove and
replace any time.
After tasting the PCB, the circuit was
not function, so I check the connection,
situation of the component and the PCB
itself but steel cannot find the problem.
At the last I check the coding and the
circuit finally found the problem and
solve it.
The last part is the paper work.

Conclusion

This project is an Arduino project. I am

using Arduino to design a transport
distance sensor.
This sensor can sensor the distance of
object in the surrounding transport in
three derectiong left, right and front.
The output distance in cm will show at
the LCD screen help diver always
grasp situation in the blind spots.
I also deffent out four stuation depant
on the distance nothing, saft,
attention , denger and stop.
Not only the coding of aurduinor , in
this project i also done the
etching,solder and fristime created a
circuit myself and trouble shoot it. Conclusion
It was a long journey but finaly i
successfully created my own project. References
 Platzer, G., "The Geometry of Automotive
Rearview Mirrors - Why Blind Zones Exist and
[1]. Motorcyclist dies by drawn into lorry 73-year-old
Strategies to Overcome Them," SAE Technical
grandmother cannot complete promise to take part Paper 950601, 1995, doi:10.4271/950601.
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https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction

[3]. Liquid Crystal Display 16x2. Retrieved March 2,

2016, from
http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-
components/16x2-lcd-module-datasheet

[4]. PCB Mount-Buzzer 4-7VDC. (n.d.). Retrieved

March 7, 2016, from
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mount-.html

[5]. Reading a Potentiometer. (n.d.). Retrieved March

8, 2016, from
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[6]. Bi-Colour LED. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2015,

from
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page=led11

blind spot. (n.d.) The American Heritage® Dictionary of

Student Science, Second Edition. (2014). Retrieved October
21 2016 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/blind+spot

1. Anatomy The small, circular, optically

insensitive region in the retina where fibers of the
optic nerve emerge from the eyeball. It has no
rods or cones. Also called optic disk.
2. An area that one cannot see because of an
obstruction.
3. An area where radio reception is weak or
nonexistent.
4. A subject about which one is markedly ignorant
or prejudiced: His niece is his blind spot; in his
eyes, she can do no wrong.