Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Human actions also require freedom in which the act is carried out voluntarily. A moral
agent is free in his choices or decision that no one can make him change his mind. He/she can be
enticed, induced, persuaded but never forced. But the exercise of freedom is only possible in the
presence of knowledge because a choice can only be made if one is aware of the options at hand.
One may experience being compelled by strong forces outside and even natural forces inside
oneself, but those forces, depending on their pull's strength, may strip the act of those qualities
that make a human act worthy of being considered truly human. Such as the case of a
psychologically derange person whose normal sensibility and freedom is taken over by
indifference or irrational obsession.
On the contrary, a well aware person of the situation and his/her choices are guided by
reason towards doing what is judge morally right but chooses otherwise becomes all the more
liable/responsible for his/her choice. Thus human actions emanate from our decision as they
involve responsibility on our part. This means that the moment we choose certain actions, we
become liable over them and their possible consequences and become liable to ourselves. And
because the human agent cannot be disassociated from his/her action, his/her choice of an action
that is done repeatedly/consistently defines his/her.
object. In other words, “emotions and thinking are ... complementary, synergistic, parallel
processes, constantly blending and interacting as a person functions” (Greenfield 2007). Once
emotion as automatic neural responses enters our consciousness, feelings emerged. This means
that reason is not purely dispassionate but is emotionally engaged, and at times our moral
prejudice is emotion-based and, partly, of emotional nature. Thus, this means that we should use
our emotions as a “compass” in making ethical decisions? Not necessarily!
IV. The Limits of Feelings and the value of Reason in Moral Decision
The presence of regrets reflects healthy emotion and maturity. A regretful person is one who
looks back into his actions and re-examines them through the light of reason. It is an admission
of fault only if one is honest enough to own up his guilt. Although it is a healthy emotion,
experiencing regret can be painful, for it summons us, rouses us from sleep, takes away our focus,
and makes us feel bad about ourselves. But why do we experience regret in the first place? Regret
is a product of wrong or bad decisions and, usually, these kinds of decisions are done by the
upsurge of emotions. When a sudden rush of intense emotions grips us, we jump into action.
Observe yourselves when you are angry, don’t you say things which later you will regret? Words
that you wouldn’t want to say in normal condition but would quickly come out of your mouth
like hard-bullets or sharp knives, leaving your target wounded and your relationship dead? The
problem is that “what is said cannot be unsaid.” Others are doing worst as they let some violent
physicality as a means to express their emotions or letting social media be a public stage of one’s
frustration towards another. Thus, although it might be true that emotions inform and guide our
reason towards a particular decision, emotional upsurges can be so strong a force that it clouds
our mind. A human agent who regularly gives in to the dictates of emotions becomes less and
less reasonable as emotions are now holding the rein with the reason relegated to the back seat.
Rachels (2007: 11) avers:
When we feel strongly about an issue, it is tempting to assume that we know what the truth must
be without considering the other side's arguments. Unfortunately... we cannot rely on our
feelings, no matter who powerful they may be. Our feelings may be irrational; they may be
nothing but the products of prejudice, selfishness, or cultural conditioning.
welfare is just as important as our own [and not to] treat the members of other group as somehow
morally inferior” (Rachels 2007: 13). What is the proper way of making moral decisions?
Human agents cannot only proceed to act without thinking. To act without thinking made
the moral agent strongly culpable/responsible for the consequences of his/her actions. But how
do we act in a way expressing our moral reasoning? Rachels (2007:11-13) enumerates three
significant steps involved in moral reasoning:
First, to identify the case's facts: Here, we need to consider the questions of how, why,
where, when, who, and what. Some cases are far more complex that more questions will need to
be asked, and thorough investigation is required.
Second, the ethical issues involved: Is the incident involving ethical issues? Ethical issues
show competing interests or benefits; without conflicting positions, there can be no issue.
Third, consult Moral Principles: There are varieties of moral principles, but not all of
them may apply to the matter. At the beginning of the class, I have presented the different moral
principles such as Consequentialism (Ethical Egoism, Group Consequentialism, Utilitarianism),
Deontological Ethics, Virtue Ethics, Christian Ethics, Moral Absolutism, Utilitarianism, and
Moral Relativism.
Lastly, applying the most appropriate moral principles: Because ethical situations are
real, deliberating it inside your head does not make you a moral agent. It is not enough to identify
the moral principle that best applies to your case; you need to decide and take a stand, a
responsibility.