INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

EDM FACT & FIGURE by Alex Media

(PART 1) – ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL
OF MANAGEMENT THOUGTH, ORGANISATION,
LEADERSHIP STYLES.
ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT
1. According to DUNSHIRE(1973), There are many definition to administration.
2. PERETOMODE (1980), saw ADMINISTRATION as working with and through
others to efficiently accomplish organizational goals.
3. MIEWALD (1978), identifies ADMINISTRATION as a means through which formal
goals are achieved through COOPERATIVE EFFORTS.
4. MIEWALD (1978) sees ADMINISTRATION as the means, tools, instrument or
strategy of achieving goals and objective through COOPERATIVE EFFORTS.
5. ADAMS (1913) posited/postulated/defined ADMINISTRATION as the capacity to
efficiently coordinate many CONFLICTING SOCIAL EFFORTS/ENERGIES in a
single organisation,
6. NWANKWO (1987) defined ADMINISTRATION as the careful and systematic
arrangement and USE OF RESOURCES, SITUATIONS & OPPORTUNITIES for
achieving specific goals.
7. NWANKWO (1987) introduced a new dimension to administration by
mentioning Resources, Situation & Opportunities which can be linked to
effective & efficient use of the FIVE (5M’S: Men, Money, Materials, Machines
& Methods).
8. BREACH (1975) sees ADMINISTRATION as a SUBSET / PART OF MANAGEMENT.
9. GULICK & URWICK (1982) postulated the Mnemonic POSDCORB (Planning,
Organising, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting & Budgeting).

FA
10.In the opinion of the Author; BREACH incorporated the principles of
ADMINISTRATION (POSDCORB) into his definition (Check Lines 2, Page 5 of
Textbook).
11.CONTROLLING is the fourth Basic Management Function.
12.GEORGE TERY views MANAGEMENT as consisting of PLANNING, ORGANISING,
ACTUATING AND CONTROLLING to determine & accomplish objectives…..
13.SERGOVANNI(1995) defined MANAGEMENT as the art of getting things done
through people in a formally organized environment.
14.MEE sees MANAGEMENT as the art of securing Maximum Results with a
Minimum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee…
15.SHERLEKAR (1484) considers management as the guidance , leadership and
control of the effort of people to achieve common goals.
16.EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION: is said to be a service activity through which
the major objectives of education can be achieved.
17.BREACH stratified management into three tiers;
TOP MANAGEMENT: (Manager, Managing Director, General Manager),
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT: (Head of Department, Coordinators) &
THE LOWER MANAGEMENT: (Foreman, First Line Supervisor)
18.ACRONYM for the Management Chart is MMGHCFF
19. ACRONYNM FOR HENRI FAYOL’S 14 PRINCIPLE OF MANAGERMENT: IDECODEUSAUSSR
I-Initiative D-Division of labor E-Equity C-Centralisation
O-Order D-Discipline E-Espirit-De-Corp U-Unity of Direction
S-Stability of Staff A-Authority U-Unity of command S-Scalar Chain
S-Subordination of individual interest to common goal R-Remuneration.s
20.OLIVER SHELDOM sees administration as the function in the industry concerned
with the EXECUTION of POLICY.
21.MOHAMMED (2003) examines the relationship that exist between
administration & masnagement under 4 Distinct Headings;
a. Scope of responsibility authority.
b. Formulation and implementation of programmes and policies in school system.
c. Allocation & utilization of resources in a school setting. d. Profit & Profitability.

FA
22.STAFFING: involves the choosing of competent individuals and Improving the
Competency of those already on the Job.
ADMINISTRATIVE SKILLS
23.KATZ & KAHN (1955) put in place 3 ADMINISTRATIVE SKILLS which includes:
TECHNICAL SKILLS: Application of Tools, Method, Processes, Procedures or Techniques.
CONCEPTUAL SKILLS: Knowledge Acquisition.
HUMAN RELATION SKILL: It is referred to as the most valuable that is required for a
successful administration (INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEMBERS).
24.Ways of Acquiring the above skill includes; Through - EDUCATION, EXPERIENCE,
MENTEE- MENTOR RELATIONSHIP (As postulated by Katz & Kahn in 1958).Note: Skills
were introduced 1955, Ways of getting them was introduced 1958.
25.Lack of CONCEPTUAL SKILL may lead to STUDENT UNREST
26.EDUCATION is drawn from 2 latin words; EDUCERE- Draw out, EDUCARE – nourish
27.EXPERIENCE is never a substitute for EDUCATION, Both skill are sometimes
intertwined together.
28.MENTEE is like an apprentice or learner
29.MENTOR is Synonymous to an EXPERIENCED PERSON OR MORE SEASONED
ADMINISTRATOR.
MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
30.MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF THOUGHT CAN BE STUDIED UNDER THREE HEADINGS
NAMELY;
(1.) TRADITIONAL OR CLASSICAL OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
i. Scientific Management Approach: Fredrick Winslow Taylor
ii. Administrative Management Approach: Henry Fayol
(2.) HUMAN RELATION SCHOOL OF THOUGHT: Elton Mayo (Other supporters
were: Mary Parker Follet, Douglas & William Duchi)
(3.) BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT: Chester Bernard &
Herbert Simon.
31. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH model worked from the bottom of
organisation hierarchy upwards, while ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT

FA
 APPROACH concentrated from the upper level administration to downwards on the
organizational hierarchy.
32.HUMAN RELATION (SOMT) is focused on the people and their relationship in the organisation.
33.Another name for ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT APPROACH is UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF
MOVEMENT, FUNCTIONAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT & MOVEMENT SCHOOL OF THOUGHT.
34.BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE (SOMT): derives it assumption from the Social Sciences disciplines such
as PSYCHOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY & SOCIOLOGY. It also focuses on the OVERT & COVERT
behavior of human beings in a Formal Organisation.
35.ELTON MAYO: Human Relation Scholar
36.FREDRICK WINSLOW TAYLOR : Father of Classical School of Management Thought
37.DELEGATION is the act of trusting others to make decisions for which someone will be held
accountable.
ORGANISATION
38.ORGANISATION is the creation of structural functions and duties to be performed by a group of
people for the purpose of accomplishing objectives/goals of an enterprise.
39.MAIN PERSPECTIVES OF ORGANISATIONS ARE:
i. A dynamic process: Which means it is progressive (prone to change).
ii. As a managerial function.
 Other important perspective includes: i. As a network of relationships. Ii. Coordinated
structure that converts INPUTS (5M’S) to OUTPUT (PROFIT).
40.FEATURES OF ALL ORGANISATION
(i.) Accomplishment of goals/objectives (ii.) Division of Labour. (iii.) Coordination
(iv.) Authority (Responsibility Structure)
41.ORGANISATION AS A PROCESS involves the process of harmonizing, coordinating or arranging
in a Logical & Orderly Manner.
42. The Two Types Of Organisation Are: FORMAL & INFORMAL ORGANISATION
43.ETZIONI VIEW states that one way an organisation can partially make up for its selectivity is
through POWER.
44.AUTHORITY is the right to give orders and enforce them with penalty or reward.
45.SOME PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATION ARE WHEREFORE LISTED BELOW:
Principle of efficiency Principle of division of work
Principle of functional definition Principle of unity of command
Unity of direction Scalar principle (Chain of command)
Principle of responsibility Principle of balance

FA
46. PETER DRUCKER gave 3 types of ORGANISATION ANALYSIS, Which are: ACTIVITIES
ANALYSIS, DECISION ANALYSIS & RELATION ANALYSIS.

LEADERSHIP STYLES IN FORMAL ORGANISATION

47.INFLUENCE: I – INTEGRITY, N- NUTURE, F- FAITH, L- LISTENER, U-UNDERSTANDING,
E- EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, N- NAVIGATE, C- COMMUNICATION SKILLS,
E- EXEMPLARY/ENCOURAGEMENT.
48.AUTOCRACTIC, DEMOCRACTIC, LAISSEZ FAIRE & SITUATIONAL are the four
categories or Leadership.
49.Unilateral Decisions are taking by (study textbook properly for
answer).
50.SITUATIONAL APPROACH is also known as CONTIGENCY APPROACH.
51.LEADERSHIP requires setting goals, assigning responsibilities and verifying how well
resources are utilized.
52.LAISSEZ FAIRE is also known as PERMISSIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE
53.AUTOCRACTIC leader is one in which power is over concentrated upon and those
not involve members in decision making process.
54.SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE is based/depends on which style appropriate
under the given circumstance or variables at hand.
55.DEMOCRACTIC OR PARTICIPAATION LEADERSHIP takes into consideration the
wishes & suggestions of the members as well as those of the leader.
56.LAISSEZ FAIRE is also called “ALLOW(THEM)TO DO” style.
57.LIKERT SYSTEM APPROACHES INCLUDES:
SYSTEM I : Exploitative Authoritative
SYSTEM II : Benevolent Authoritative
SYSTEM III: Consultative Authoritative
SYSTEM IV: Participative Authoritative
58.BLAKE & MOUTON LEADERSHIP THEORY GRID (MANEGERIAL GRID) INCLUDES;
i. Concern for people and Concern for production
ii. (1,1) - IMPOVERISHED LEADERSHIP: Management needs minimal effort to get
required work done.

FA
 iii. (1,9) – RELATIONSHIP ORIENTED: A high concern for people, but low concern
for production.
iv. (9,1) - TASK ORIENTED LEADERSHIP: High concern for production and low
concern for people.
v. (5,5) – BALANCED LEADERSHIP : Compromise between concern for people and
concern for production.
vi. (9,9) – INTEGRATED LEADERSHIP: A democratic management grid, which
stresses high concern for people and production at the same time.

59.MOHAMMED(2003) LEADERSHIP APPROACHES

a. WIN-WIN: Benefit for all
b. WIN-LOSE: Authoritative & Selfish (Military).
c. LOSE-WIN: The idea is to lose some and win some.
d. LOSE-LOSE: it involves being cooperative bit unassertive,
60.THEORY X portrays that an average human has inherent dislike for work and will do
anything to avoid it, While THEORY Y states that the contribution of physical and
mental effort in work is as natural as play and rest, therefore, internal control and
threat or coercion may not be the positive motivators to increased productivity.
61.DOUGLAS MCGREGOR (1960) PROPOUNDED the THEORY X & Y.
62.The NEO-CLASSICAL MOVEMENT TOOK PLACE BETWEEN 1935 & 1950.
63.PETER DRUCKER – FIRST AMERICAN SCHOLAR THAT POSTULATED MBO.
64.COMMUNICATION IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD COMMUNICARE, Which
means SOMETHING SHARED.

THANKS FOR GOING THROUGH, WISHING YOU A

SUCCESSFUL TEST/EXAM.
PART 2 & 3 WOULD BE OUT ANYTIME SOON, TO GET
INSTANT NOTIFICATION CONTACT THE NUMBER BELOW.
PRINTED COPIES ALSO AVAILABLE.

FA