MANUEL S.

ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

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SUBMITTED BY:

ABEL, MA. THERESE B.

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SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. JESSA MAE A. GOMEZ

PROFESSOR

SEPTEMEBER 30, 2021

1996 May 27 Bohol Earthquake

Preliminary reports indicated that there were damages in Clarin, Inabanga, Trinidad,
Tubigon and Loay Municipalities all in Bohol, as well as in the cities of Cebu and Mandaue
in Cebu Island. Due to these reports, a Quick Response Team was immediately
dispatched to investigate the reported affected areas. The team consists of a personnel
from the main office and two field station observers from Tagbilaran and Lapu-lapu
Seismic Stations. Investigation commenced on the 29th of May at Cebu Island. Buildings
and other structures at the reclamation areas of Mandaue City (Landmark Cinema, SM
Shopping Mall) and in Cebu City (Skyways, City Hall and buildings along M.J. Cuenco
Avenue) were inspected. After that the team proceeded to Bohol Island to verify reports
of damages in the towns of Clarin, Inabanga, Tubigon, Loay and Trinidad.

Date it happened: May 27, 1996

Location: Bohol Province and other Cities in Cebu

Classification of earthquake / origin:

Origin Time 1:45 p.m. (0545 GMT)

Epicenter 09.98 N Latitude 124.10 E Longitude or In between Clarin and
Inabanga, Bohol
Magnitude 5.6Ms
Depth approximately 4 km from the surface.

Effects / damages caused by earthquake:

Cebu

The SM Mall located at the reclamation area in Mandaue City reportedly sustained cracks
on the wall plaster and floor tiles due to the earthquake but Mall Manager Ranier
Matubayas disproved the alleged report about the damages.

Minor cracks were found at some non-structural parts of Cebu City Hall, which was rebuilt
in 1946. These cracks developed on old masonry wall near the windows, below the
beams, above the doors and other masonry parts of the building. Moreover, City Hall
employees confirmed that some of these cracks can be attributed to already existed after
the 08 February 1990 earthquake and was only aggravated by the ground sharing during
the 27 May 1996 earthquake.

Continuous cracks across the Skyway Bridge were seen under the two identical skyways
situated at Fuente-Osmeña Boulevard and Avellano High School - Osmeña Boulevard.
The cracks formed on plasters that were used to cover the space along shear gaps
between two adjacent bridges. Cebu City is 38 kilometers away from the epicentral area.

Loay, Bohol

Loay is about 40 kilometers south-southwest from the epicenter. Inspite of its closeness
to the epicenter, only few residents felt the earthquake.

People that were injured are Mr. Escolastico Borong and his wife who sustained minor
injuries caused by the collapse of their old wooden shanty at Barangay Bonbon.

Tubigon, Bohol

Tubigon is about 10 kilometers west-southwest from the epicenter. In general, ground

shaking only produced minor cracks on the walls and plaster of the column, about 2
millimeters opening and 3 meters long, of the Tubigon Municipal Hall. However, it was
observed that the reinforced concrete linings of the same walls were damaged by peeling-
off from the piled limestone blocks normally used in the olden times as construction
materials in Bohol.

Slight cracks were also observed on one of the walls of the Priest's room of San Isidro
Labrador Church.
Trinidad, Bohol

The town of Trinidad is about 15 kilometers northeast from the epicentral area. The rail-
guard and pathways of four wooden bridges were damaged. These bridges are very old
that their use must be limited to light vehicles even before the earthquake.

Pre-existing cracks on the floor and entrance steps of the Municipal Health Center grew
and became more pronounced after the earthquake. Health workers confirmed that some
of the cracks already existed before the earthquake but new minor cracks appeared on
the walls of the center after the 27 May 1996 earthquake.

Inabanga, Bohol

Vice Mayor Victoriano M. Basilan reported that the arch at Barangay Kagawasan Chapel
and one side of the walls of the buildings of Nabuad High School collapsed. Likewise,
cracks on the walls of an abandoned Gabaldon-type building of Inabanga Elementary
School were aggravated. This prompted the Municipal Office to act for demolition of said
building. The Municipal Hall itself also suffered minor cracks of about 3 millimeters
opening and at least a meter high length on the wall and other non-structural parts of the
building. Employees narrated that some of the books from their shelved, as well as the
tropies placed on top of the cabinets fell down the floor. Also, residents and storeowners
reported falling objects from open shelved and racks such as bottled and canned goods,
medicine etc. The earthquake caused general panic among the residents because of
sudden jolt with both vertical and horizontal motions and accompanied by rumbling sound.
Inabanga town is about 5 kilometers from the epicenter.

Clarin, Bohol

One of the residents said that sleeping persons were awakened by the strong jolt
accompanied by rumbling sound apparently originating from below the ground. Books
from shelves fell down. One parked motorcycle and a refrigerator toppled during the
earthquake. Concrete hollow blocks to be used for construction of a residential house
was crushed. Masonry oven (pogon) owned by Mr. Ponciano Rama was damaged, an
example of unreinforced masonry vulnerable to ground shaking. Bottled and canned
goods, paints, groceries etc. fell down.

The rear masonry wall of Barangay Cumang Ricemill collapsed inward the building. That
was due to the poor connection between the said wall and the wooden parts. The wall
also served as load-bearing wall of earth materials and rice shells dumped at the read
side of the building. Walls of Clarin Elemntary School suffered minor cracks. Pronounced
damages were sustained in Sam Miguel Church particularly on the bell tower, which
suffered cracks on the walls, across the columns, along the beams, the peeled-off
decorative masonry works. The front door, which is under the bell tower, was closed to
the public after the earthquake, avoiding eminent danger from such damages. The church
was built in 1924 with reinforced concrete and its oldness is one of the factors of suffering
such damages during earthquake.

Three residents were injured. One was hit by falling object, another fell down from the
stairs due to panic and the last, a fisherman, met an accident while on his pump boat.
The latter was 15 meters away from the shore when he allegedly encountered two sea
waves, about a meter high that damaged his boat and caused injuries to his right ankle
and leg. The victim however was uncertain whether the incident was simultaneous with
the earthquake occurrence or not.

Photos (if applicable)