10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Geometric Means and
Geometric Series

1
 About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master patterns and sequences. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into the following lessons:

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about Sets. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

This module is divided into four lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Geometric Means
Lesson 2 – Geometric Series (Finite)
Lesson 3 – Geometric Series (Infinite)

After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
1. differentiate geometric sequence from arithmetic sequence;
2. determine geometric means;
3. differentiate finite from infinite sequence;
4. find the sum of the finite geometric series;
5. find the sum of the infinite geometric series.

2
 What I Know (Pre-test)

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Given 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, how do we call the numbers between 6 and 96?
A. arithmetic mean C. harmonic mean
B. Fibonacci mean D. geometric mean

9
2. What type of sequence is 72, 36, 18, 9,
2
A. finite arithmetic sequence
B. finite geometric sequence
?
C. infinite arithmetic sequence
D. infinite geometric sequence

3. Which of the following are correct examples of finite and infinite geometric
sequences?
1 1
A. finite: 8, 4, 2, 1, 2 , … C. finite: 8, 4, 2, 1, 2
1 1
Infinite: 8, 4, 2, 1, 2 infinite: 8, 4, 2, 1, 2 , …
B. finite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … D. finite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
Infinite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 infinite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …

4. If three geometric means are inserted between 1 and 256, find the third
geometric mean.
A. 64 B. 32 C. 16 D. 4

5. Find the sum of the six terms of the finite geometric sequence 96, -48, 24, -12,
…
A. -126 B. -63 C. 63 D. 126

6. What is the next term in the geometric sequence 4, -12, 36?

A. -42 B. -54 C. -72 D. -108

7. Find the sum of the geometric sequence where the first term is 3, the last term
46 875, and the common ratio is 5.
A. 58 593 B. 58 594 C. 58 595 D. 58 596

8. What is the geometric mean between 5 and 125?

A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 100
3 −9 27 −81
9. What is the sum of the infinite geometric series 4, , ,
16 64 256
,…?
3 3
A. 3 B. 1 C. D.
4 7

10. The two geometric means between -2 and 54 are ______________.

A. −2√27 , 4 B. 6 , −18 C. 6 , 18 D. 2 , 4√27

11. Karla’s grandparents decided to pay for her high school education. They gave
her ₱100.00 on her first birthday and doubled the amount for each following
year. How much will Karla receive on her 12th birthday?
A. ₱ 12 000.00 C. ₱ 204 800.00
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 B. ₱ 46 000.00 D. ₱ 409 500.00

12. During a free fall, a sky diver jumps 10 ft, 20 ft, and 40 ft on the first, second,
and third fall, respectively. If he continuous to jump at this rate, how many feet
will he have jumped during tenth fall?
A. 10 230 B. 5 120 C. 1 230 D. 130

13. Glenn bought a car for ₱ 600, 000. The yearly depreciation of his car is 10% of
its value at the start of the year. What is its value after 4 years?
A. ₱ 437, 400 C. ₱ 393, 660
B. ₱ 438, 000 D. ₱ 378, 000

14. One stormy day, the principal announces the suspension of classes to two
teachers, each of whom sends this message to two other teachers, and so on.
Suppose that the text messages were sent in five rounds, counting the
principal’s text message as the first, how many text messages were sent in all?
A. 31 B. 32 C. 33 D. 34

15. The nurse noticed that the number of Covid patients doubled after every hour.
If it started with just 5 Covid patients, what is the total number of patients
after 6 hours?
A. 300 B. 305 C. 310 D. 315

Lesson
1 Geometric Means
Monday

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
● differentiate geometric sequence from arithmetic sequence;
● determine geometric means.

What’s In
Geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers in which each term is
obtained from the previous by multiplying the same nonzero constant called
common ratio ( r ).

Geometric Sequence Arithmetic Sequence

-2, -8, -32, -128,... 9, 12, 15, 18,...

1, 3, 9, 27,... 26, 23, 20, 17,...

1 3 1 1
-9, -3, -1, - ,... 1, , , , ...
3 4 2 4
4
 What’s New
Now that you can recognize geometric sequences, from here on onwards, we
will be using geometric sequences! Below is a question. Can you guess the
numbers?

What is It
Geometric means are the terms between two given terms of a
geometric sequence. The geometric mean between two real numbers x and y is the
positive or negative square root of x and y. In symbol, ± √𝑥𝑦, where xy > 0.

Illustrative Examples:

1. In the geometric sequence 2, 8, 32 the term 8 is the geometric mean of 2

and 32.

2. Find the geometric mean between 4 and 32. The geometric mean between
two numbers is the positive or negative square root of their product.

Solution:
GM = + √4 ⋅ 32 GM = - √4 ⋅ 32
GM = + √128 GM = - √128
GM = + 8√2 GM = - 8√2

Thus, the geometric mean between 4 and 32 is 8√2 𝑜𝑟 − 8√2.

3. Insert three geometric means between 1 and 81. First, solve for the
common ratio.

Solution:
First solve for the common ratio.
1, _____, _____, _____, 81

Let n = 5 (number of terms (1, 81 and three means)

𝑎1 = 1 first term
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎5 = 81 last term or the 5th term

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 𝑟 common ratio
To solve for 𝑟, we use, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎5 = 1𝑟 5−1
81 = 1𝑟 4
81 − 𝑟 4
4
r = ± √81
r = ±3

Therefore, the three means are 3, 9, 27 or -3, 9, -27

4. The geometric mean between the first two terms in a geometric

sequence is 32. If the third term is 4, find the first term.

Solution:
Let 𝑎3 = 4
solving for r using the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 ,
where 𝑎𝑛 is the last term
𝑎1 is the first term
𝑟 is common ratio
𝑛 is the number of terms

4 1
so, r = =
32 8

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎3 = 4
𝑎1 is unknown
n=3
1
𝑟=
8

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛 − 1
1
4 = 𝑎1 ( 8 ) 3 − 1
1
4 = 𝑎1 ( ) 2
8
1
4= 𝑎1 (64)
4
𝑎1 = 1
64
𝑎1 = 4⋅ 64= 256
Therefore, the first term or 𝑎1 = 256

What’s More
Try This!
Activity 1 (Use separate sheets for your answers)
A. Identify the geometric means between the first and the last term of each
geometric sequence.

Given Geometric Sequence Geometric mean/means

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 Ex. 1, 3, 9, 27 3 and 9

1. -√5, 10, -20√5

2. -4, 12, -36

−1
3. , -1, -2, -4
2

4. √7, 7, 7√7, 49

5. 4, 8, 16
B. Find the indicated number of geometric means between each pair of
numbers.
1. 3 and 81 insert (2 means)
2. 256 and 1 insert (3 means)
3. -32 and 4 insert (2 means)
1 64
4. and insert (1 mean)
3 3
5.2 and 16 insert( 2 means)
C. Solve for thefollowing.
1
1.Insert a geometric mean between k and 𝑘.
2.If 2 and 3 are geometric means between m and n, find the
values of m.
3. The average monthly salary of a certain employee jumped
from ₱10,000 to ₱45,000 over the course of 10 years. Using
the geometric mean, what is the average yearly increase of
the employee?

What I Need to Remember

Key Points!
The geometric mean between two real numbers x and y is the positive or
negative square root of x and y. In symbol, 𝐺𝑀 = ±√𝑥𝑦, where 𝑥𝑦 > 0.

Lesson Finite Geometric

2
Tuesday Series

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
● define geometric series;
● find the sum of the finite geometric series.

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 What’s In
Geometric Mean. The Geometric Mean is a special type
of average where we multiply the numbers together and then take
the positive and negative square root (for two numbers or even number of terms),
cube root (for three numbers) etc.
To solve for other quantities related to geometric mean, we use the formula
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
Where 𝑎𝑛 is the last term
𝑎1 is the first term
r is the common ratio
n is the number of terms

What’s New
In lesson 1, we differentiated geometric sequence from an arithmetic
sequence. A geometric series is a series whose related sequence
is geometric. It results from adding the terms of a geometric
sequence. Take for example the problem below.

Problem:
An online seller doubles his profit every day. If he gained ₱ 20.00 on
the first day, what would his total income be after 2 weeks (14 days)?

This problem can be solved using geometric series. Moreover, it is a

finite sequence because there are only 14 terms in the sequence

What is It
The problem above is an example of real-life scenario geometric series. It can
𝑎1 (1 −𝑟 𝑛 )
be solved using the formula 𝑆𝑛 = 1 −𝑟

Solution :
Given : 𝑎1 = 20
𝑟 = 2 (doubles his profit everyday)
𝑛 = 14 days

𝑎1 (1 −𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = 1 −𝑟
20(1− 214 )
= 1−2
20(1−16384)
=
−1
20(−16383)
= −1
20(−16383)
= −1
− 327660
= −1
𝑆𝑛 = ₱ 327, 660
More Examples on finite geometric series:
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 1. Find the sum of the finite geometric series 1 + 3 + 9 + ...729. The
first term is 1 and the last term is 729.
Solution:
First find 𝑛
𝑎1 (1 −𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛 − 1 𝑆𝑛 = 1 −𝑟
1(1 −37 )
𝑎1 = 1 𝑆𝑛 = 1 −3
3 1 − 2187
r= 1
=3 𝑆𝑛 = −2
− 2186
𝑎𝑛 = 729 𝑆𝑛 = −2
729 = 1( 3 𝑛−1
) 𝑆𝑛 = 1093
729 = 3 𝑛 − 1
36 = 3 𝑛 − 1
𝑛-1=6
𝑛=7
Therefore, sum of the finite geometric series 1 + 3 + 9 + ...729
is1093.

2. The number of bacteria in a culture doubles every hour. If there

were 5 bacteria present on the first hour, how many bacteria will
there be after 7 hours?
Solution:
𝑎 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = 1
1−𝑟
𝑛=7
𝑎1 = 5 (first term)
r = 2 (common ratio)
𝑆𝑛 = unknown

5(1 − 27 )
𝑆𝑛 = 1−2
5(1 − 128)
= −1
5(−127)
=
−1
−635
= −1
𝑆𝑛 = 635

What’s More
Try This!
Activity 2 (Use separate sheets for your answers)
A. Complete the table by filling-in the missing values.

𝑎1 r 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑆𝑛

1 3 1 6
2

2 4 5 1024

9
3 3 5 81

4 4 -2 -128

5 1 7 1
3 3

B. Multiple Choice

Directions : Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Find the sum of the first 5 terms of 4, 12, 36, 108,...

A. 448 C. 486
B. 484 D. 844
2
2. Find the sum of the first 4 terms of the geometric sequence 3, ,
3
4
,…
27
243
A. C. 243
935

935
B. 243
D. 935

3. Find the sum of the terms of a geometric sequence where the first
term is 4, the last term is 324, and common ratio is 3.
A. 243 C. 386
B. 256 D. 484

4. A covid-19 patient is scheduled for injectable medicine in 5 sessions.

In the first session, the patient is to be injected 5 ml of the
prescribed medicine. If in each of the succeeding sessions the
3
amount of medicine will be 4 of its preceding session, what will be
the total amount of medicine injected? (Reduce answers to nearest
hundreths)
A. 15.00 ml C. 20.50 ml
B. 15.25 ml D. 25.25 ml

5. The number of shoppers buying groceries at a supermarket is

doubled every ten minutes. The store can only accommodate up to
150 shoppers at a time due to Covid related protocols. In how many
minutes will the store be filled to its maximum capacity if it started
initially with just 10 shop goers?
A. 4o minutes C. 100 minutes
B. 60 minutes D. 120 minutes

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 What I Need to Remember

Key Points!

The sum of the first n terms of a finite geometric sequence with first term 𝑎1 ,
common ratio r and last term 𝑎𝑛 is given by the formula:

𝑎 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = 1 1 − 𝑟 , 𝑟 ≠ 1
where 𝑆𝑛 = sum
𝑎1 = the first number
𝑛 = number of terms
𝑟 = common ratio

Lesson Infinite Geometric

3
Wednesday Series

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to
● find the sum of the infinite geometric series.

What’s In
In our previous examples, we dealt with finite geometric series.
Lesson 2 example 1 has the following sequence of numbers, 1 + 3 +
9 + ...729 are finite. Using the formula 𝑆𝑛 = 1093, can you find another way of
finding its sum? How?

What’s New
Getting the sum of all the terms in a finite geometric is adding all the
numbers up to the last term or you can use the formula,
𝑛
𝑎 (1 − 𝑟 )
𝑆𝑛 = 1 to get the sum. How are you going to find the sum of geometric
1−𝑟
1 1 1
sequence 1+ + + + …?
2 4 8

What is It
If the last term of a geometric sequence is not given, here is another
formula to use in finding the sum of an infinite geometric series.
𝑎1
𝑆𝑛 = where |𝑟| < 1
1−𝑟
The sum of the terms of an infinite geometric sequence form an infinite
geometric series.

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Illustrative Examples:
1 1 1
1. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series 1+ + + +…
2 4 8
Solution:
𝑎
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 1 −1 𝑟, |𝑟|<1
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 = unknown
𝑎1 = 1 ( first term)
1
𝑟 = 2( common ratio)
1
= 1
1−
2
1
= 1
2
2
= 1⋅ 1
=2

2. Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence 64, 16, 4, 1,...
𝑎
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 1 , |𝑟|<1
1−𝑟
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 = unknown
𝑎1 = 64 ( first term)
1
𝑟 = 4( common ratio)
64
= 1
1−
4
64
= 3
4
4
= 64⋅ 3
256
= 3
3. The midpoints of the sides of a square are joined to form a second
square. This process is repeated (to infinity) for each resulting
square. What is the sum of the areas of all squares formed, if one
side of the first squares measures 8m?
Area of 1st square 𝑎1 = 64
1
Area of 2nd square 𝑎2 = 64( 2 ) = 32
1
Area of 3rd square 𝑎3 = 32( ) = 16 and so on
2
𝑎1
𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟
64
= 1
1−
2
= 128 𝑚2
4. On a swing, a pendulum travels 80% as far as on its previous
swing. If the first swing reaches 80 cm long, determine the total
distance traveled by the pendulum by the time it comes to rest (to
𝑎
infinity). Formula : 𝑆∞ = 1
1−𝑟
𝑎1 = 80, 𝑟 =0.8
80
𝑠∞ = 1−0.8

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 𝑠∞ = 400cm

What’s More
Try This!
Activity 3 (Use separate sheets for your answers)
Crack the code!
He is an English Mathematician who invented the common symbol for
infinity ∞ in 1657.

Find the sum of the following infinite geometric sequences to crack the code.
4
1. 20, -4, ,…
5
1
2. 3, 1, ,...
3
1 1
3. -2, , - ,...
2 8
2 1 1
4. , , ,...
3 3 6
3 −9
5. -2, , ,...
2 8
6. 27, 9, 3, …
2
7. 6, 2, ,...
3
2 4 8
8. , , ,...
3 9 27
2 2 2
9. , , ,...
3 9 27
1 −1 1
10. , , ,...
4 8 16
Answer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Code
81
A= L=2
2
−8 4
H= N=
5 3
50 9
J= O=
3 2
13
 −8
I=1 W=
7
1
L=9 S=
6

What I Need To Remember

Key Points!
The sum of the terms of an infinite geometric sequence form an
infinite geometric series. The formula for the sum of an infinite geometric series
𝑎
is, 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 1 , |𝑟|<1
1−𝑟

Where 𝑆𝑛 is the sum

𝑎1 is the first term
r is common ratio

Friday Problem Solving

What I Can Do

Activity 4 (Use separate sheets for your answers)

Problem: The length of the arc formed by the first swing of the bob of a
3
pendulum is 20 cm. If each succeeding swing is of the preceding one,
4

a. how far will it travel in the first six swings?

b. how far will it travel before it comes to rest?

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 Geometric Mean and
Friday Geometric Series:
Assessment
Post Test
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Given 12, 24, 48, 96, 192 how do we call the numbers between 12 and
192?
A. arithmetic mean C. harmonic mean
B. Fibonacci mean D. geometric mean

2. Which of the following are correct examples of finite and infinite geometric
sequences?
1 1 1 1
A. finite: 4, 2, 1, 2 , 4 C. finite: 4, 2, 1, 2 , 4 …
1 1 1 1
Infinite: 4, 2, 1, 2, 4 ,… infinite: 4, 2, 1, 2 , 4
B. finite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … D. finite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
Infinite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 infinite: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …

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3. What type of sequence is 72, 36, 18, 9, 2 , … ?
A. finite arithmetic sequence C. infinite arithmetic sequence
B. finite geometric sequence D. infinite geometric sequence

4. What is the next term in the geometric sequence -12, 36, -108, ?
A. 323 B. -323 C. 324 D. -324

5. If three geometric means are inserted between 2 and 13 122, find the third
geometric mean.
A. 145 B. 458 C. 1 458 D. 4 581

6. Find the sum of the geometric sequence where the first term is 2, the last
term 6 250, and the common ratio is 5.
A. 7 812 B. 812 C. 781 D. 681

7. The two geometric means between 3 and 6√2 are ______________.

A. 9 , 24 C. 6 , 3√2
B. 3√2, 9 D. 3√2, 6

8. What is the geometric mean between 4 and 64?

A. 4 C. 64
B. 16 D. 256

3 −9 27 −81
9. What is the sum of the infinite geometric series 4, , ,
16 64 256
,…?

15
 3 3 3
A. 7
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1

10. Find the sum of the 5 terms of the finite geometric sequence, 96, -48, 24,
-12, …
A. 56 B. -56 C. 66 D. -66

11. The nurse noticed that number of Covid patients doubled after every hour.
If it started with just 6 Covid patients, what is the total number of patients
after 5 hours?
A. 185 B. 186 C. 187 D. 188

12. Karla’s grandparents decided to pay for her high school education. They
gave her ₱50.00 on her first birthday and doubled the amount for each
following year. How much will Karla receive on her 12 th birthday?
A. ₱ 10 235.00 C. ₱ 100 350.00
B. ₱ 12 350.00 D. ₱ 102 400.00

13. Glenn bought a car for ₱ 500, 000. The yearly depreciation of his car is
10% of its value at the start of the year. What is its value after 4 years?
A. ₱ 328, 050 C. ₱ 428, 050
B. ₱ 382, 050 D. ₱ 482, 050

14. One stormy day, the principal announces the suspension of classes to two
teachers, each of whom sends this message to two other teachers, and so
on. Suppose that the text messages were sent in six rounds, counting the
principal’s text message as the first, how many text messages were sent in
all?
A. 61 B. 62 C. 63 D. 64

15. During a free fall, a sky diver jumps 12 ft, 36 ft, and 108 ft on the first,
second, and third fall, respectively. If he continuous to jump at this rate,
how many feet will he have jumped during tenth fall?
A. 288 B. 354 C. 236 196 D. 354 288

16