The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is on how to use

modal verbs, nouns, and adverbs appropriately: EN8G-llla-3.6

Specifically, you are expected to:

• identify modal verbs, nouns, and adverbs used in sentences;

• construct sentences using appropriate modal verbs, nouns, and adverbs;
address different societal problems by writing ideas using different modals; and
express appreciation of Afro-Asian cultures reflected in the story using
modals.

Activity: What’s More Powerful

Study and analyze statements A and B.

Statement A Statement B

All persons below 21

years old might stay
All persons below 21 at home during
years old must stay at Enhanced
home during Enhanced Community
Community
Quarantine.
Quarantine.

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 Self-check:
Which of the two statements would make a person below 21 years old feel sadder?

Notice the underlined words in the two statements. What do you think are these words?

These words are examples of modal verbs

Modal Verbs are auxiliary or helping verbs which modify or change the meaning of the main
verbs. You use modal verbs in giving advice or suggestions, in making requests, or in giving
predictions and prohibitions. To show more of the other uses of modal verbs, here is a list with

sample sentences:

Lesson 2: Modal Noun

Read the table below that shows more examples of moda
l
nouns, their meanings, and sample

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 The modal nouns are mostly names of qualities or states. They are similar to modal
verbs in a way that they also express modal meaning. However, they are different from modal
verbs in the way they are used in a sentence. Modal verbs are used to add information to the
main verb while modal nouns name a quality, state, or condition that state modality.

What’s More
It is now time for you to practice what you learned about modal nouns. Accomplish the

activities and assessments provided for you to enrich your learning.

Activity 1: Be Puzzled!

Find the given words in the grid. They are formed horizontally or vertically. Write your
answers on a separate answer sheet of paper.

opportunity
possibility
ability
willingness
certainty
requirement
obligation

Self-check:

Have you found all the

modal nouns? What
modal noun did

you find first?

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Lesson 3: Modal Adverb

What is It
In the previous lesson, you learned about modal verbs and modal nouns. This time,
you will learn about modal adverbs.

Read and study the sentences below.

A. If Carl campaigns hard, he shall surely win.

B. Carl’s friends are willingly happy to help him in his campaign.
C. The students will likely vote for Carl.

What do you call the underlined words in each sentence? Is

there something unique with these words?

How are these words related to modal verbs and modal nouns?

You probably remember that the underlined words are called adverbs that are used to
describe or give more information about verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Unlike
other adverbs, these ones are unique because they help express modality and that is
why they are called modal adverbs

The modal adverbs used in the given sentences describe the adjective and modal verbs
or expressions found in each sentence. In Sentence A, the modal adverb ‘surely’
describes the modal expression ‘shall win’. It adds the information that without a doubt,
Carl will win. The modal adverb ‘willingly’ in Sentence B describes the adjective

‘happy’. It helps to express that the students are ready to help Carl. Furthermore, the
modal adverb ‘likely’ describes the modal expression ‘will vote’. It gives more
information that there is a chance that the students will vote for Carl.

Read the table below that shows more examples of modal adverbs, their meanings,
and sample sentences.

Quality, state, or condition that state modality while modal adverbs describe or give
more meaning or information to verbs and adjectives.

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What have you observed with the form of modal adverbs?

Noticeably, most modal adverbs have equivalent modal noun forms. Some of the
examples are possibly and possibility, necessarily and necessity, certainly and
certainty, etc

Activity: Future-Teller

Share what you want to become in the future by writing your dream profession inside
the box. Then, write sentences about the roles/duties of that profession using modal adverbs.
Write your answers on the answer sheet.

My dream profession is

ROLES / DUTIES

1.

2.

3.

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The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is identify and use
signals that indicate coherence (e.g. additive - also, moreover; causative – as a result,
consequently; conditional/concessional – otherwise, in that case, however; sequential – to begin
with, in conclusion; clarifying – for instance, in fact, in addition);

Objectives:
As learners of this module, you are expected to:
signals used in sentences and paragraphs;

write a paragraph using transition signals to achieve coherence.

What I Know
In your journey as a learner, have you encountered transition signals? The activity that follows will
serve as a pre-test to determine your knowledge about it. Your whole new adventure starts here!

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate transition signals in each of the sentences below.
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Walking can make people become more aware of their surroundings, _____ the
cleanliness of the environment, and the friendliness of the neighborhood.
A. consequently B. despite C. unfortunately D. such as
2. Residents complain bitterly about the trash thrown anywhere, _____ these same people are the
ones doing it.
A. although B. and C. moreover D. yet
3. Some city folks choose to live on a farmland;_____, they have to adjust to its slow pace,
quietness, and the absence of cable and Internet connectivity.
A. because B. consequently C. despite D. such as
4. Teleconferencing is widely used nowadays to establish communication among those who are in
the work from home modality; _____, this allows the participants to hear or see each other in a
meeting.
A. after B. although C. during D. moreover
5. _____ most people are concerned about COVID-19, they hope for a vaccine.
A. Because B. Still C. As a result D. Even though
6. A lot of people ignored the reminder of the government to stay at home to avoid exposure to the
disease. _____, the number of cases increased.
A. In fact B. Such as C. As a result D. In addition6
7. The plan of a city-wide lockdown gained many reactions from the people; _____, positive and
negative opinions were expressed.
A. despite B. however C. that is D. in addition
8. _____ the home quarantine period, military and police forces are visible to monitor strict
compliance of the policies.
A. Because B. Consequently C. During D. As a result
9. There are many things one can do at home to be productive. _____, one can listen to music
while doing household chores, do gardening, read books, watch TV shows, and the like.
A. Because B. In fact C. In addition D. For example
10.Grocery stores and wet markets require a quarantine pass to control the number of
shoppers. _____, wearing of a face mask is enforced.
A. Because B. In fact C. In addition D. For example

What is it

To help you better understand the concept on transition signals, you need to deepen your
knowledge and understanding by discovering what the topic is all about.
Study the given sentences below.
1. Threats and trials were rough.
2. Life is full of challenges but meant to be well.
In sentence number one, the transition signal ‘and’ is used to connect two incidents equally.
While in sentence number two, the transition signal ‘but’ introduces the opposite ideas. Take
note that simple conjunctions serve different purposes. Conjunctions that join words,
phrases, or clauses together are the most basic transition signals. The words ‘and’ and ‘but’ are
examples of transition signals.

Transition signals are words and phrases that connect ideas of sentences and
paragraphs for coherence. They also indicate building up new idea or thought or compare
ideas or draw conclusions.
Transition signals are of different types and each type helps to make certain connections.
Common Types and Functions of Transition Words:

1. Comparison/Contrast points out alternatives or differences

Example:
My mom loves pasta, but she dislikes spaghetti. Similarly, she did not like
lasagna. On the contrary, she loves macaroni. Likewise, she loves pancit
guisado, pancit bihon, sotanghon, and palabok.

2. Chronology helps define time:

7 Example:
Before you go to the stadium to watch your favorite basketball game, make sure that you
have your snacks and video camera that you will use during the game. Later, you will find it
enjoyable when you can simultaneously eat while videotaping.
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8. Summary/Conclusion restates ideas:

 Example:
All the documents have been presented and, as can be seen, the facts are clear.
Given this point, it's time to correct the practices that do not conform to the
policies. In the long run, the nation and its people will benefit from this change.

Transition signals can be used within a single sentence, between two different sentences,
paragraphs, or even between paragraphs to achieve coherence or unity of idea

Assessment 1: Fill Me In!

Fill in the blanks with the correct transition signals that will complete the ideas of the
given sentences. Choose from the given choices. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. __________ the invention of gaming gadgets, children and teenagers usually spent
more of their leisure time playing outdoor games.
A. Because B. Before C. Even though D. For instance
2. If you will have a powerpoint presentation in class, you need to prepare in advance.
__________, setting up the computer or laptop, including the LCD, the projector, and
checking its connectivity to avoid technical problems.
A. Before B. Even though C. For instance D. Nevertheless
3. __________ I am allergic to sunlight, my friends and I still went to the beach for
sunbath.
A. Before B. Even though C. For instance D. Nevertheless
4. She lost her balance in doing her routine at the competition. _________, she stood up
and finished the dance gracefully.
A. Before B. Even though C. For instance D. Nevertheless
5. I did not hear the phone ringing __________ the sound of the television was in full blast.
A. because B. before C. even though D. nevertheless

Activity 2: Write Me Down!

On a separate sheet, construct sentences using the given transition signals.
1. likewise ______________________________________________
2. before ______________________________________________
3. because ______________________________________________
4. specifically ______________________________________________
5. also ______________________________________________
6. in other words ______________________________________________
7. almost ______________________________________________
8. given these points ______________________________________________

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 Lesson 1: Expressing Emotional Response Using Verbs
Activity: I Must or I Must not
Analyze the pictures below. On a separate sheet, write I MUST if you need to do the activity shown in
each photo or write I MUST NOT if you don’t.

1. _______________ 2. _____________ 3. ____________________ 4. ___________

If you have noticed, the words must and must not are used in the activity to show your response. The
word must is one of the words that you can use to express emotions or opinions in order to convince or
persuade.

What is it

A. LINKING VERBS

Sample Sentences Taken from the Dialogue:

1. I am afraid that you will get sick. Besides that, we are still under ECQ.
(In the first sentence, the verb am is used to tell that the speaker is afraid on the possibility
of the person getting sick. Stating a feeling helps in persuading someone.)
2. Unfortunately, with this pandemic, I think you better stay home.
(The verb think is used to state the strong belief of the speaker towards an existing fact.
Stating a belief with a strong point is a way in convincing someone.)
3. No, Noel. I strongly disagree. You should follow what I tell you.
(The verb disagree states the stand of the speaker. Emphasizing a stand is a good way in
influencing someone to agree with your ideas.)10
4. Nanay, I want to go outside. I already missed playing with my friends.
(The verb want states the desire of the speaker to go outside. Expressing a desire is a way
to tell someone what you would like to happen.)
 B. MODALS

These are verbs that express suggestion or recommendation which is an effective way to
convince or persuade. To further clarify the difference of each modal, they are arranged
from weakest to strongest in terms of expressing a suggestion or recommendation.
Further, the table below shows their functions and examples.

Activity 1: Classify Verbs

On a separate sheet, copy and fill out the graphic organizer with the correct examples
of the different types of verbs used to express emotions and opinions.

Lesson 2: Using Adjectives to Express Emotional Responses

Activity: FEELmojis
Read each statement and indicate how you feel about them by choosing an emoticon inside
the box. Draw your chosen emoticon on a separate sheet of paper.

1. I feel sad that some people waste their time on social media.
2. Parents feel happy when they bond with their children.
3. Reading books is better than playing mobile games.

Take note that the underlined words in the activity express emotions. They are called adjectives.
You will learn more about them in this lesson11 .
 Lesson 3: Using Adverbs to Express Emotional Responses

Activity: Classifying Adverb

Place the underlined words in the sentences to the correct type of adverb in the table.
Copy the table on a separate sheet.

1. The mother has observed that her son folded his clothes neatly.
2. My father always wakes up early to prepare for work.
3. My sister and I agreed that we will do gardening tomorrow.
4. I would love to go outside once this pandemic ends.
5. The health workers worked so hard to save the lives of many people.

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 ADVERBS OF OPINION
This type of adverbs emphasizes the intensity of your stand or opinion. They help
clarify your belief about a certain issue. The following are the commonly used adverbs of opinion:

Take note on how some of the adverbs above are used in the following sentences:
1. Honestly, my eyes hurt from watching TV. I should take a break.
(The word honestly emphasizes the truthfulness of the emotion of the speaker that his or
her eyes hurt. The adverb is placed at the beginning of the sentence. This means that
they can be placed at the beginning of sentences and are followed with a comma.)

2. We definitely need to follow the rules implemented during the pandemic.

(The word definitely emphasizes the stand of the speaker that he or she is certain that the
rules must be followed. The adverb definitely is placed before the verb need. This
means that they can also be placed before the main verb.)

3. Various organizations are evidently doing their best to help the frontliners.
(The word evidently emphasizes the observation of the speaker that organizations are helping
the frontliners. The adverb is placed in between the word are and doing. This means that
they can be placed between an auxiliary verb and a main verb.)

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Assessment 1. Identifying the Adverbs
Pick out the adverbs of opinion used in the following sentences. Write your answers on a separate
sheet.

1. In my opinion, staying at home helped me bond more with my family.

2. Unfortunately, some teenagers give more time in playing mobile games than reading books.
3. Surely, the pandemic will end if we follow the given health and safety measures.
4. I am truly happy that many people helped those who are in need.
5. The Department of Health strongly suggests that minors ought to stay at home.

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