Timber is environmentally friendly material and is natural, non- Timber is considered as one of the most sustainable materials We can

Timber is considered as one of the most sustainable materials We can see most of the cases happen due to

toxic, organic, recyclable, renewable, and biodegradable. Timber requires less energy than most material to process into finished ageing. It happens because the structures are
is oldest material used by mankind in construction and in products. Timber logging, manufacture, transport, and disposal of
exposed to weather, environment and termites.
structural integrity it can be equivalent to pre-stressed concrete timber products have substantial environmental impacts.
In order to prevent it, one of the ways is to
lintel, if it is kept dry and well ventilated in buildings. Timber Sustainable timber refers to timber that has been harvested
always do maintenance and make sure the Timber Durability Classes
Structures is inherently susceptible to fungal and insect responsibly from well-managed forests that are continuously

infestation and decay, if it is not well designed, kept dry and well condition of structures are stable. Other than
replenished, and ensure that there is no damage to the surrounding

ventilated. Once the infestation has started it will continue to that, use higher quality timber with more strength
environment. Timber can be used for construction have good
propagate, if the conditions are favourable, until eventually the and durability.
compressive strength, however, it is strongest in tension.
timber member can no longer sustain loads.

GEOMETRIC DETAIL GEOMETRIC DETAIL GEOMETRIC DETAIL GEOMETRIC DETAIL GEOMETRIC DETAIL
The timber jeti of Jeti Teluk Pelanduk at The timber of Rumah Panjang Annah
This cottage was found by one of our member at his village which is The goat shelter near my house is made by wood and this shelter The timber deterioration of selected
Negeri Sembilan which is considered as a
at Kampung Beta Hulu. The cottage was made by wood and to be will collapse due to wood rot. The goat shelter also located traditional houses in Malacca are Rais Bidayuh at Sarawak which is
harsh environment which lead to
reported that this cottage is going to collapse due to decay to the nearby the paddy fields, so its high of moistures. The goat shelter located within the state of Melaka, considered as areas of moist soil that
discoloration for the timber structure. The
wood.The villagers find out that the problem is because of the dry size is 2m x 2m and the height is 3m. The damage effect on the Malaysia and within only a few minutes result in areas suitable for termite
function of the jetty is a small base for
rot. The height of the cottage is about 6 meters and the area is beam section of the goat shelter was 0.9m and the floor 0.6m. from the town centre. breeding. The function of Rumah
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/5.0000427?
journalCode=apc fishing boats, passenger boats and ferries

FUNCTION
about 3x3 meter squares. panjang is a residential areas for the

WHAT IS DETERIORATION? WHAT IS DISCOLORATION?

WHAT IS DRY ROT?
Iban people.
Goat shelter is necessary for protection from deadly diseases and Deterioration means that the condition of a structure or a building or its components

has degenerated or has become unusable. Deterioration of building or its components, Discoloration of the paintwork was commonly found in the inspected timber

WHAT IS THE TERMITES?

Dry rot, also known as brown rot, is wood decay caused by fungi, which can ruin
preventing them from adverse climatic conditions like direct
if allowed to occur may result in complete decomposition where replacement becomes buildings. The paintworks of the surfaces were either a brownish, blackish or
any wooden structures inside or outside your home. The wood is left weakened
exposure to sunlight at noon during summer season, cold stress the only solution. Deterioration is nothing but gradual disintegration on account of any yellowish colour. This decay is often related to the presence of dampness or
and brittle, often with a blocky appearance. Dry rot will only affect timber that is
Termites is a small, pale soft-bodied insect that lives in large colonies with
destructive action from aggressive external agents and relative movements of biological attack.
damp, typically with a moisture content more than 20 percent. and heavy rain.
components. The rate of deterioration of building varies with resistance of the materials several different castes, typically within a mound of cemented earth. Many kinds

HOW DOES DRY ROT SPREAD? WHAT IS WET ROT? used. All the materials deteriorate with age either due to weathering action or other

factors such as poor selection of materials, the human ignorance, vandalism and
HOW DOES DISCOLORATION SPREAD? feed on wood and can be highly destructive to trees and timber. Also called

white ant
Wet rot is the common name which is used to describe a number of wood
1. Exposure to weather, including UV and rain

TERMITES ATTACK IDENTIFICATION

biological agencies. For successful design of buildings and maintenance policies, it is
1. The wood was not properly kiln-dried before being used in construction, to lower its
destroying fungi species. The most common wet rot wood destroying species is
essential to understand the agencies causing deterioration. 2. Staining due to natural or introduced causes
moisture content below 20 percent.
'Coniophora Puteana' which is otherwise known as cellar fungus. Wet rot fungi can

CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
2. The location of the wood is an area of the home with excessive humidity. 3. Chemical changes within the wood resins, or “extractives”.
1. Noise of termites eating timber.
affect timber that becomes damp and the fungi grows by breaking down the cell
3. There has been direct contact with large quantities of water, for example, flooding from

TREATMENT FOR DISCOLORATION

2. Appearance of “white ant” workers or soldiers.
a burst pipe. walls of the wood and feeding on the nutrients. This process can be extremely
1. Human aspects 3. Earthen packing inside walls or on timber surfaces.
damaging to the structure of your home and it may result in the loss of structural

TREATMENT FOR DRY ROT strength of the timber.

2. Chemical factors 1. For UV weathering, use an oxalic acid timber cleaner like Grey Deck Cleaner. A 4. Timber excavation where the timber is hollow. Sometimes this results in

WET ROT IDENTIFICATION

3. Environmental aspects pressure washer is also a useful tool. undulating or corrugated surface appearance to the remaining timber.
1. Epoxy treatments.

DETERIORATION TREATMENT
2. For iron staining, you must 5. Flight holes where the winged reproductive exit to start a new colony.
2. Commercial antifreeze
1. Dark brown staining on the timber. first sand back the timber, 6. Unusual odour caused by some species of termites.
3. Copper compounds
2. Splitting or longitudinal cracking along the grain of the timber. Re wet the timber and leave for 24 hours to ensure that you have removed all

DRY ROT PREVENTION

Any external facing timber should be appropriately treated with
3. A damp, musty smell.

·
4. Timber that is damp to touch waterproof paint or damp-proof membranes to prevent the ingress of
the iron

Apply Grey Deck Cleaner

CAUSES OF TERMITES ATTACK
1. Siding - Have wood siding sealed properly. water. Pay attention to seams or areas where two materials meet and 1. high Moisture
3. For sapstain or bluestain moulds, use Grey Deck Cleaner or D-Mould to kill it.
2. Deck - Have your deck properly sealed.

3. Landscaping - Position lawn sprinklers so that they do not spray onto your home's
CAUSES OF WET ROT water could collect. 4. For water marks caused by extractive bleed, use Grey Deck Cleaner. 2. Wood that's in Contact with House Foundations

5. To remove yellowing or darkening of interior timber, lightly sand the finish and/or 3. Cracks in Building Exteriors
·
PREVENTION THE DETERIORATION
exterior trim. 1. high moisture levels. It occurs in timber with a moisture content of around 30%-50%.

2. ·Most
wood itself.
4. Roofing - Have your roof checked once a year to identify and prevent and potential cases of wet rot arise as a result of rainwater entering the fabric of a building

water damage, mold, or dry rot. through external defects. These can include leaking gutters, defective air bricks and

damaged roof tiles.

Preservation of timber against these decaying agencies requires careful selection of the
DISCOLORATION PREVENTION TERMITES ATTACK TREATMENT
environment where wood is to be used: dry and properly protected from rain and wind and
· 1. Seal up any holes or cracks on your home's exterior.

TYPE OF DRY ROT

3. fungus that is attracted to very damp wood and feeds off the timber, destroying it in the 1. Regularly maintaining them over time.
direct sun. The durability of timber can be considerably increased by treating it with certain
process. 2. Keep firewood (and any other wood) at least 20 feet away from your house
chemicals, grouped together as preservatives, before use. These chemicals inhibit the growth 2. Don’t conduct any metalwork on or near unsealed timber. Also, don’t use a metal

WET ROT TREATMENT

of fungi or insects over the treated wood for certain length of time. The preservatives may be based scouring pad or steel wool to prepare the timber surface.
and five inches off the ground.

water solvable salts or oil solvable salts or volatile base salts. 3. Prevent fungal decay by using a registered timber preservative like Timber 3. Keep an eye on any exterior wood, including door frames, windows and

1. Replace the affected timbers if in some extreme cases. Preserver or No Rot Gel. skirting boards, for any visible changes.

2. Use a wood-hardening liquid, such as Ronseal High Performance Wet Rot Wood Hardener.

3. Treating the timber with a fungicide.

TYPE OF DETERIORATION 4. Prevent sapstain/bluestain moulds by using

Aussie Clear or Aussie Coat, that contains an ingredient to prevent it’s growth.
a properly formulated finish like 4. Send water away from your house.

PREVENTION THE TERMITES ATTACK

Mycelium Growth Fungus PREVENTION THE WET ROT TYPE OF WET ROT
1. Get Rid of Moisture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot
1. Seal all cracks around exterior doors and windows with caulk. 2. Fix Leaks
2. Clean gutters regularly—at least twice a year to prevent blockages that can lead to water

REAL LIFE PHOTO running over the backside of the gutter and down the side of your home.
3. Declutter Your House

4. Maintain a Distance Between Soil and Wood

3. Add a covered entryway over doors to keep rain away from the doors.
5. Use Borate on Wood Before Priming or Painting
4. Repaint exterior windows and siding if paint is cracking or peeling.

Natural forces Insects Fungi 6. Place Infected Items in the Sun

From iron staining
5. Sweep standing water from outdoor decking as soon as the rain stops.

https://www.sibis.com.au/dt_gallery/defects- https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Timber-
Sapstain or bluestain
https://www.civil-engg-
gallery/attachment/15/ deterioration-between-a-weak-butt-joint-due-to-water- moulds https://r5n8m7e9.stackpathcdn.com/wp-

REAL LIFE PHOTO

world.com/2020/01/07/deterioration-of-
penetration_fig2_266011570 https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Weathered-moldy- content/uploads/2014/06/u2i0a-IMG_1176.jpg
timber-foundation/footing/
wood-383-Nelsen.jpg

TYPE OF REAL LIFE PHOTO

Wooden wall dry rot Deck beam dry rot Damage wall with
https://www.networx.com/article/dry-rot https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot
fungi growth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot
WET ROT Brown rot
White rot
https://www.protectahome.co.uk/building- https://www.allcottassociates.co.uk/blog
preservation/wood-rotting-fungi/wet-rot/ /wet-rot-causes-identification-solution/

REAL LIFE
PHOTO During Seasoning During conversion Beam Column Timber Wall
Iron staining V weathered deck Timber extractives in
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Term
https://www.northernarchitecture.us/ther https://careforwood.wordpress.co https://preschem.com/wp- https://preschem.com/wp- ironbark decking ite-damage-on-building-
https://ontheflypestsolutions.com/bal https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/termites-
mal-insulation/deterioration-of- m/biological-degradation/ content/uploads/2016/05/before-after- timore-termite-control/termite- biology-and-control
content/uploads/2016/05/UV-weathered-deck- https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Timb structure_fig2_322920930
timber.html 203x300.png 300x225.jpg er-deterioration-between-a-weak-butt- damage-to-beam/
Beam that affected by Wet rot affecting floor joint-due-to-water-

wet rot penetration_fig2_266011570