CSTMQT

1. NTMs: official policy measures on export and import, other than ordinary
customs tariffs, than can potentially have an effect on international trade in goods,
changing quantities traded or prices or both
PURPOSE:
Importing country impose NTM Exporting country impose NTM
o Protect health and safety of consumers o To ensure adequate supply for the
o Environmental factors domestic market:
o Protect infant industry/ domestic market Ex: lots of countries impose a ban on
o Achieve political goals : regulations on exporting thiết bị y tế để ensure adequate
technology imported: supply for the domestic market in covid 19
Ex: US gave a ban on technological device period
from Huawei because there are some chips o Maintain quality
included in the products o Ensure best value for their exports
o Regulate production and imports of
products
Japan can legitimately apply all these NTMs because
- They need to protect human life or health, their consumers
- They need to protect plant life, the bamboos and rattans
- They need to protect the environment
- They need to prevent deceptive practices from foreign exporters
- They need to protect security interest
2. Tariffs
PURPOSE: when importing countries impose tariff on imported goods:
- Protect domestic market from foreign producers: Tariff increases the price of
imported goods , which results in a reduction in competition for domestic firms.
The higher the tariff imposed on final goods, the better the effective rate of
protection for domestic firms
- Encourage domestic producers. When imported goods are imposed high tariffs,
competitive imports are placed at a disadvantage. This practice also limits the
number of imported goods and give domestic firms advantages
- Increase revenue for government: income from tariffs provides governments with
a source of funding.

3. Pesticides residue is a type of SPS measures, which means it’s also technical
regulations that the country applies to protect food safety, animal and plant health
 this regulation is applied to all countries and compliance is mandatory and a
part of legislation. Goods that don’t meet the requirement can’t enter the market