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General Description Features: Ezbuck™ 3A Simple Buck Regulator
General Description Features: Ezbuck™ 3A Simple Buck Regulator
Applications
● Point of load DC/DC conversion
● Set top boxes
● DVD drives and HDD
● LCD monitors and TVs
● Cable modems
● Telecom/networking/datacom equipment
Typical Application
C7
VIN
C1
22µF
VIN BS L1
6.8µH
VOUT
EN LX
AOZ1212 R1
VBIAS FB C2, C3
22µF
C4 R2
COMP GND
RC
CC
Ordering Information
Part Number Ambient Temperature Range Package Environmental
AOZ1212AI -40°C to +85°C SO-8 RoHS Compliant
AOZ1212DI -40°C to +85°C 5 x 4 DFN-8 Green Product
AOS Green Products use reduced levels of Halogens, and are also RoHS compliant.
Please visit www.aosmd.com/web/quality/rohs_compliant.jsp for additional information.
Pin Configuration
LX 1 8 VBIAS LX 1 8 VBIAS
BST 2 7 VIN VIN
BST 2 7 VIN
GND 3 6 EN GND 3 6 EN
GND
FB 4 5 COMP FB 4 5 COMP
SO-8 DFN-8
(Top View) (Top Thru View)
Pin Description
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function
1 LX PWM output connection to inductor. LX pin needs to be connected externally. Thermal connection
for output stage.
2 BST Bootstrap voltage input. High side driver supply. Connected to 0.1µF capacitor between BST and
LX.
3 GND Ground.
4 FB Feedback input. It is regulated to 0.8V. The FB pin is used to determine the PWM output voltage
via a resistor divider between the output and GND.
5 COMP External loop compensation. Output of internal error amplifier. Connect a series RC network to
GND for control loop compensation.
6 EN Enable pin. The enable pin is active HIGH. Connect EN pin to VIN if not used. Do not leave the EN
pin floating.
7 VIN Supply voltage input. Range from 4.5V to 27V. When VIN rises above the UVLO threshold the
device starts up. All VIN pins need to be connected externally.
8 VBIAS Compensation pin of internal linear regulator. Place put a 1µF capacitor between this pin and
ground.
Block Diagram
VIN
+5V
VBIAS
Reference
Softstart
& Bias BST
ILimit
Q1
GM = 200µA/V +
0.8V + PWM
EAmp –
PWM
Control
FB – Comp
Logic
+
LX
COMP
Frequency 370kHz/24kHz Q2
Foldback Oscillator
Comparator
+
0.2V –
GND
Electrical Characteristics
TA = 25°C, VIN = VEN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V unless otherwise specified(3)
Vo ripple Vo ripple
20mV/div 20mV/div
IL IL
1A/div 1A/div
VLX VLX
20V/div 20V/div
1μs/div 1μs/div
Vo Vo
2V/div 2V/div
lL
lin 2A/div
0.5A/div
2ms/div 200μs/div
Vo Ripple Vo
200mV/div 2V/div
lo
IL
1A/div
2A/div
200μs/div 2ms/div
Efficiency Curves
Efficiency Efficiency
VIN = 5V VIN = 12V
100 100
8.0V OUTPUT
95 95
3.3V OUTPUT
Efficieny (%)
Efficieny (%)
5.0V OUTPUT
90 90
3.3V OUTPUT
1.8V OUTPUT
85 85
80 80
75 75
0.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2
Current (A) Current (A)
Efficiency
VIN = 24V
100
95
8.0V OUTPUT
Efficieny (%)
90
5.0V OUTPUT
85
3.3V OUTPUT
80
75
0.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2
Current (A)
high side switch immediately to terminate the current another concern when selecting the capacitor. For a buck
duty cycle. The inductor current stops rising. The cycle- circuit, the RMS value of input capacitor current can be
by-cycle current limit protection directly limits inductor calculated by:
peak current. The average inductor current is also limited
due to the limitation on the peak inductor current. When VO ⎛ VO ⎞
cycle-by-cycle current limit circuit is triggered, the output I CIN_RMS = I O × --------- ⎜ 1 – ---------⎟
V IN ⎝ V IN⎠
voltage drops as the duty cycle decreases.
The AOZ1212 has internal short circuit protection to if let m equal the conversion ratio:
protect itself from catastrophic failure under output short VO
circuit conditions. The FB pin voltage is proportional to --------
- = m
the output voltage. Whenever the FB pin voltage is below V IN
0.2V, the short circuit protection circuit is triggered. To
prevent current limit running away when the comp pin The relationship between the input capacitor RMS
voltage is higher than 2.1V, the short circuit protection is current and voltage conversion ratio is calculated and
also triggered. As a result, the converter is shut down shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that when VO is half of
and hiccups at a frequency equals to 1/16 of normal VIN, CIN is under the worst current stress. The worst
switching frequency. The converter will start up via a soft current stress on CIN is 0.5 x IO.
start once the short circuit condition is resolved. In short
0.5
circuit protection mode, the inductor average current is
greatly reduced because of the low hiccup frequency. 0.4
Thermal Protection 0
0 0.5 1
An internal temperature sensor monitors the junction m
temperature. It shuts down the internal control circuit and Figure 2. ICIN vs. Voltage Conversion Ratio
high side NMOS if the junction temperature exceeds For reliable operation and best performance, the input
145°C. The regulator will restart automatically under the capacitors must have a current rating higher than
control of soft-start circuit when the junction temperature ICIN_RMS at the worst operating conditions. Ceramic
decreases to 100°C. capacitors are preferred for input capacitors because of
their low ESR and high ripple current rating. Depending
Application Information on the application circuits, other low ESR tantalum
The basic AOZ1212 application circuit is shown in capacitor or aluminum electrolytic capacitor may also be
Figure 1. Component selection is explained below. used. When selecting ceramic capacitors, X5R or X7R
type dielectric ceramic capacitors are preferred for their
Input Capacitor better temperature and voltage characteristics. Note that
The input capacitor (C1 in Figure 1) must be connected to the ripple current rating from capacitor manufactures is
the VIN pin and GND pin of the AOZ1212 to maintain based on certain amount of life time. Further de-rating
steady input voltage and filter out the pulsing input may be necessary for practical design requirement.
current. The voltage rating of the input capacitor must be
Inductor
greater than maximum input voltage + ripple voltage.
The inductor is used to supply constant current to output
The input ripple voltage can be approximated by equa- when it is driven by a switching voltage. For given input
tion below: and output voltage, inductance and switching frequency
IO ⎛ VO ⎞ VO together decide the inductor ripple current, which is,
ΔV IN = ----------------- × ⎜ 1 – ---------⎟ × ---------
f × C IN ⎝ V IN⎠ V IN VO ⎛ VO ⎞
ΔI L = ----------- × ⎜ 1 – ---------⎟
f×L ⎝ V IN⎠
Since the input current is discontinuous in a buck
converter, the current stress on the input capacitor is
The inductor takes the highest current in a buck circuit. In a buck converter, output capacitor current is continu-
The conduction loss on inductor needs to be checked for ous. The RMS current of output capacitor is decided by
thermal and efficiency requirements. the peak to peak inductor ripple current. It can be calcu-
lated by:
Surface mount inductors in different shape and styles are
available from Coilcraft, Elytone and Murata. Shielded ΔI L
I CO_RMS = ----------
inductors are small and radiate less EMI noise. But they 12
cost more than unshielded inductors. The choice
depends on EMI requirement, price and size. Usually, the ripple current rating of the output capacitor is
a smaller issue because of the low current stress. When
Output Capacitor the buck inductor is selected to be very small and induc-
The output capacitor is selected based on the DC output tor ripple current is high, output capacitor could be over-
voltage rating, output ripple voltage specification and stressed.
ripple current rating.
Schottky Diode Selection
The selected output capacitor must have a higher rated
The external freewheeling diode supplies the current to
voltage specification than the maximum desired output
the inductor when the high side NMOS switch is off. To
voltage including ripple. De-rating needs to be consid-
reduce the losses due to the forward voltage drop and
ered for long term reliability.
recovery of diode, a Schottky diode is recommended.
Output ripple voltage specification is another important The maximum reverse voltage rating of the chosen
factor for selecting the output capacitor. In a buck con- Schottky diode should be greater than the maximum
verter circuit, output ripple voltage is determined by input voltage, and the current rating should be greater
inductor value, switching frequency, output capacitor than the maximum load current.
value and ESR. It can be calculated by the equation
below: Loop Compensation
1
ΔV O = ΔI L × ⎛ ESR CO + -------------------------⎞ The AOZ1212 employs peak current mode control for
⎝ 8×f×C ⎠ easy use and fast transient response. Peak current mode
O
control eliminates the double pole effect of the output
where; L&C filter. It greatly simplifies the compensation loop
CO is output capacitor value and design.
ESRCO is the Equivalent Series Resistor of output capacitor. With peak current mode control, the buck power stage
can be simplified to be a one-pole and one-zero system
When low ESR ceramic capacitor is used as output in frequency domain. The pole is the dominant pole and
capacitor, the impedance of the capacitor at the switch- can be calculated by:
ing frequency dominates. Output ripple is mainly caused
by capacitor value and inductor ripple current. The output 1
f p1 = -----------------------------------
ripple voltage calculation can be simplified to: 2π × C O × R L
1
ΔV O = ΔI L × ⎛ -------------------------⎞
⎝8 × f × C ⎠
O
The zero is a ESR zero due to output capacitor and its The strategy for choosing RC and CC is to set the cross
ESR. It is can be calculated by: over frequency with RC and set the compensator zero
with CC. Using selected crossover frequency, fC, to
1
f Z1 = ------------------------------------------------ calculate RC:
2π × C O × ESR CO
VO 2π × C O
where; R C = f C × ---------- × ------------------------------
V G ×G
FB EA CS
CO is the output filter capacitor,
RL is load resistor value, and where;
ESRCO is the equivalent series resistance of output capacitor. fC is desired crossover frequency,
VFB is 0.8V,
The compensation design is actually to shape the
converter close loop transfer function to get desired gain GEA is the error amplifier transconductance, which is 200x10-6
A/V, and
and phase. Several different types of compensation
network can be used for AOZ1212. For most cases, a GCS is the current sense circuit transconductance, which is
series capacitor and resistor network connected to the 5.64 A/V
COMP pin sets the pole-zero and is adequate for a stable The compensation capacitor CC and resistor RC together
high-bandwidth control loop. make a zero. This zero is put somewhere close to the
In the AOZ1212, FB pin and COMP pin are the inverting dominate pole fp1 but lower than 1/5 of the selected
input and the output of internal transconductance error crossover frequency. CC can is selected by:
amplifier. A series R and C compensation network
1.5
connected to COMP provides one pole and one zero. C C = -----------------------------------
The pole is: 2π × R C × f p1
dissipation of converter circuit can be measured by input Several layout tips are listed below for the best electric
power minus output power. and thermal performance. Figure 3a and Figure 3b show
layout examples for the AOZ1212A and AOZ1212D
P total_loss = V IN × I IN – V O × I O respectively.
The power dissipation of inductor can be approximately 1. Do not use thermal relief connection to the VIN and
calculated by output current and DCR of the inductor. the GND pin. Pour a maximized copper area to the
GND pin and the VIN pin to help thermal dissipation.
P inductor_loss = IO2 × R inductor × 1.1
2. Input capacitor should be connected as close as
possible to the VIN and GND pins.
The power dissipation of the diode is:
3. Make the current trace from LX pins to L to CO to
⎛ VO ⎞ GND as short as possible.
P diode_loss = I O × V F × ⎜ 1 – ---------⎟
⎝ V IN⎠ 4. Pour copper plane on all unused board area and
connect it to stable DC nodes, like VIN, GND or
The actual AOZ1212 junction temperature can be VOUT.
calculated with power dissipation in the AOZ1212 and 5. Keep sensitive signal traces such as the trace
thermal impedance from junction to ambient. connecting FB and COMP pins away from the
T junction = ( P total_loss – P inductor_loss ) × Θ JA LX pins.
+ + T ambient
R2
Cc Rc
C1 5 COMP 4 FB
AOZ1210 /2
R1
VIN 6 EN 3 GND
7 Vin 2 BST
Cb
8 VBIAS 1 LX
C4
L1
Vo
C
C2
2
Cc Rc
COMP 5 4 FB
R1
GND
EN 6 3 GND
Vin 7 2 BST
Vin
Cb
C1
LX
VBIAS 8 1
C4
Vo
L1
C
C2
2
E E1
h x 45°
1 C
θ
7° (4x)
A2 A
0.1
b A1
Notes:
1. All dimensions are in millimeters.
2. Dimensions are inclusive of plating
3. Package body sizes exclude mold flash and gate burrs. Mold flash at the non-lead sides should be less than 6 mils.
4. Dimension L is measured in gauge plane.
5. Controlling dimension is millimeter, converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact.
E2 E
See Note 3
B0
K0 D0
A0 P0 Feeding Direction
Unit: mm
Package A0 B0 K0 D0 D1 E E1 E2 P0 P1 P2 T
SO-8 6.40 5.20 2.10 1.60 1.50 12.00 1.75 5.50 8.00 4.00 2.00 0.25
(12mm) ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10
SO-8 Reel
W1
S
G
N
M K
V
R
H
SO-8 Tape
Leader/Trailer
& Orientation
E
L2*
D3 D2 Chamfer 0.30
BOTTOM VIEW
TOP VIEW
A3
Pin #1 IDA
A Seating Option 2
Plane
b R
BOTTOM VIEW
FRONT VIEW
Tape
R0
.40
0.
T
20
D1
E1
E2 D0
E
B0
Feeding
Direction
K0 P0 A0
UNIT: mm
Package A0 B0 K0 D0 D1 E E1 E2 P0 P1 P2 T
DFN 5x4 5.30 4.30 1.20 1.50 1.50 12.00 1.75 5.50 8.00 4.00 2.00 0.30
(12 mm) ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 Min. +0.10 / –0 ±0.30 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.20 ±0.10 ±0.05
Typ.
Reel
59
R1
II I
R1 6.0±1
M 21
R1 I
27
Zoom In
R1
R6
P
R5
B
5
W1
III
Zoom In
Tape Size Reel Size M W1 B P 3-1.8
0.05
ø330 12.40 2.40 0.5
12mm ø330 +0.3 +2.0 ±0.3
-4.0 -0.0
II
Zoom In
A
/8"
3-
ø2
"
3-ø1
/4
.9
ø1
±0 N=ø100±2
A A
3-
. 05
0.2
6±
ø9
1.8
6.0
6.45±0.05
1.8
0.00
6.2 8.00 -0.05
R1
ø2 2.20
0
8.9±0.1
1.
20 ø90.0 2.00
14 REF
5.0
0
ø17.0 ø13.0
C
R1.10
1.8
R3.10
11.90 12 REF
ø86 46.0±0.1
.0±0 R0.5
.1
10°
44.5±0.1
41.5 REF
43.00 3.3
44.5±0.1
.95
6.50 4.0
R3
6.10 38°
40°
10.0
F
RE
VIEW: C 2.5
A 0.80
8
R4
3- 3.00 1.80
ø3 8.0±0.1
6"
/1
/1
+0.05
2.00 6"
ø3
8.000.00
3-
6.50
10.71
6°
Part Marking
AOZ1212AI
Z1212AI
Part Number
FAYWLT
Z1212DI
Part Number
FAYWLT
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
Year & Week Code
Applications or uses as critical components in life support devices or systems are not authorized. AOS does not
assume any liability arising out of such applications or uses of its products. AOS reserves the right to make
changes to product specifications without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to evaluate suitability of the
product for their intended application. Customer shall comply with applicable legal requirements, including all
applicable export control rules, regulations and limitations.
AOS' products are provided subject to AOS' terms and conditions of sale which are set forth at:
http://www.aosmd.com/terms_and_conditions_of_sale
ALPHA & OMEGA SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL
COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS.
As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or 2. A critical component in any component of a life
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into support, device, or system whose failure to perform can
the body or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system, or to affect its safety or
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be effectiveness.
reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of
the user.