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Applications
● Point of load DC/DC conversion
● PCIe graphics cards
● Set top boxes
● DVD drives and HDD
● LCD panels
● Cable modems
● Telecom/networking/datacom equipment
Typical Application
VIN
C1
22µF
Ceramic
VIN
L1 4.7µH
EN VOUT
AOZ1021 LX
COMP R1
C2, C3
RC FB 22µF Ceramic
CC AGND PGND R2
Ordering Information
Part Number Ambient Temperature Range Package Environmental
AOZ1021AI -40°C to +85°C SO-8 RoHS
All AOS Products are offering in packaging with Pb-free plating and compliant to RoHS standards.
Please visit www.aosmd.com/web/quality/rohs_compliant.jsp for additional information.
Pin Configuration
PGND 1 8 LX
VIN 2 7 LX
AGND 3 6 EN
FB 4 5 COMP
SO-8
(Top View)
Pin Description
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function
1 PGND Power ground. Electrically needs to be connected to AGND.
2 VIN Supply voltage input. When VIN rises above the UVLO threshold the device starts up.
3 AGND Reference connection for controller section. Also used as thermal connection for controller section.
Electrically needs to be connected to PGND.
4 FB The FB pin is used to determine the output voltage via a resistor divider between the output and
GND.
5 COMP External loop compensation pin.
6 EN The enable pin is active HIGH. Connect it to VIN if not used and do not leave it open.
7, 8 LX PWM outputs connection to inductor.
Block Diagram
VIN
+
ISen
–
Reference Softstart
& Bias Q1
ILimit
+
+ PWM Level
0.8V PWM Shifter
EAmp – Control
FB – Comp +
Logic
+ FET LX
Driver
Q2
COMP
Frequency 500kHz/68kHz
Foldback Oscillator
Comparator
+
0.2V –
AGND PGND
Electrical Characteristics
TA = 25°C, VIN = VEN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V unless otherwise specified.(3)
Vo ripple
20mV/div Vo ripple
20mV/div
IL IL
1A/div 1A/div
VLX VLX
10V/div 10V/div
1µs/div 1µs/div
Vin LX
10V/div 10V/div
Vo Vo
2V/div 2V/div
IL
lin 2A/div
1A/div
1ms/div 100µs/div
LX
Vo Ripple 10V/div
100mV/div
Vo
2V/div
lo
1A/div
IL
2A/div
100µs/div 2ms/div
Efficiency
AOZ1021 Efficiency AOZ1021 Efficiency
Efficiency (VIN = 12V) vs. Load Current Efficiency (VIN = 5V) vs. Load Current
100 100
95 95
5.0V OUTPUT
3.3V OUTPUT
90 90
3.3V OUTPUT
Efficieny (%)
Efficieny (%)
85 85
1.8V OUTPUT 1.8V
80 80
1.2V OUTPUT
75 75
70 70
65 65
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Load Current (A) Load Current (A)
4 3.2
Output Current (IO)
1.8V
1.2V OUTPUT OUTPUT
3 3.1
3.3V
OUTPUT 1.2V, 1.8V, 3.3V, 5.0V OUTPUT
2 3.0
1 2.9
0 2.8
25 35 45 55 65 75 85 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
Ambient Temperature (TA) Ambient Temperature (TA)
Detailed Description
The AOZ1021 is a current-mode, step down regulator with Comparing with regulators using freewheeling Schottky
integrated high-side PMOS switch and a low-side NMOS diodes, the AOZ1021 uses freewheeling NMOSFET to
switch. It operates from a 4.5V to 16V input voltage range realize synchronous rectification. It greatly improves the
and supplies up to 3A of load current. The duty cycle converter efficiency and reduces power loss in the
can be adjusted from 6% to 100% allowing a wide output low-side switch.
voltage range. Features include enable control, Power-On The AOZ1021 uses a P-Channel MOSFET as the high-
Reset, input under voltage lockout, output over voltage side switch. It saves the bootstrap capacitor normally
protection, active high power good state, fixed internal seen in a circuit which is using an NMOS switch. It allows
soft-start and thermal shut down. 100% turn-on of the high-side switch to achieve linear
The AOZ1021 is available in an SO-8 package. regulation mode of operation. The minimum voltage drop
from VIN to VO is the load current x DC resistance of
Enable and Soft Start MOSFET + DC resistance of buck inductor. It can be
calculated by the equation below:
The AOZ1021 has an internal soft start feature to limit
in-rush current and ensure the output voltage ramps up V O _MAX = V IN – I O × R DS ( ON )
smoothly to regulation voltage. A soft start process
begins when the input voltage rises to 4.1V and voltage where;
on EN pin is HIGH. In the soft start process, the output VO_MAX is the maximum output voltage,
voltage is typically ramped to regulation voltage in 4ms. VIN is the input voltage from 4.5V to 16V,
The 5ms soft start time is set internally.
IO is the output current from 0A to 3A, and
The EN pin of the AOZ1021 is active HIGH. Connect the RDS(ON) is the on resistance of internal MOSFET, the value is
EN pin to VIN if the enable function is not used. Pulling between 97mΩ and 200mΩ depending on input voltage and
EN to ground will disable the AOZ1021. Do not leave it junction temperature.
open. The voltage on the EN pin must be above 2V to
enable the AOZ1021. When voltage on the EN pin falls Switching Frequency
below 0.6V, the AOZ1021 is disabled. If an application
The AOZ1021 switching frequency is fixed and set by
circuit requires the AOZ1021 to be disabled, an open
an internal oscillator. The practical switching frequency
drain or open collector circuit should be used to interface
could range from 350kHz to 600kHz due to device
to the EN pin.
variation.
Steady-State Operation
Output Voltage Programming
Under steady-state conditions, the converter operates in
Output voltage can be set by feeding back the output to
fixed frequency and Continuous-Conduction Mode
the FB pin by using a resistor divider network. See the
(CCM).
application circuit shown in Figure 1. The resistor divider
The AOZ1021 integrates an internal P-MOSFET as the network includes R1 and R2. Usually, a design is started
high-side switch. Inductor current is sensed by amplifying by picking a fixed R2 value and calculating the required
the voltage drop across the drain to source of the high R1 with equation below:
side power MOSFET. Output voltage is divided down by
the external voltage divider at the FB pin. The difference R
of the FB pin voltage and reference is amplified by the
V O = 0.8 × 1 + ------1-
R 2
internal transconductance error amplifier. The error
voltage, which shows on the COMP pin, is compared Some standard value of R1, R2 and most used output
against the current signal, which is sum of inductor voltage values are listed in Table 1.
current signal and ramp compensation signal, at the
PWM comparator input. If the current signal is less than VO (V) R1 (kΩ) R2 (kΩ)
the error voltage, the internal high-side switch is on. The 0.8 1.0 open
inductor current flows from the input through the inductor 1.2 4.99 10
to the output. When the current signal exceeds the error 1.5 10 11.5
voltage, the high-side switch is off. The inductor current 1.8 12.7 10.2
is freewheeling through the internal low-side N-MOSFET
2.5 21.5 10
switch to output. The internal adaptive FET driver
3.3 31.1 10
guarantees no turn on overlap of both high-side and
low-side switch. 5.0 52.3 10
Power-On Reset (POR) The relation between the input capacitor RMS current
and voltage conversion ratio is calculated and shown in
A power-on reset circuit monitors the input voltage.
Figure 2 below. It can be seen that when VO is half of VIN,
When the input voltage exceeds 4.1V, the converter
CIN is under the worst current stress. The worst current
starts operation. When input voltage falls below 3.7V,
stress on CIN is 0.5 x IO.
the converter shuts down.
0.5
Thermal Protection
An internal temperature sensor monitors the junction 0.4
temperature. It shuts down the internal control circuit and
high side PMOS if the junction temperature exceeds ICIN_RMS(m) 0.3
150°C. The regulator will restart automatically under the IO
control of soft-start circuit when the junction temperature 0.2
decreases to 100°C.
0.1
0
0 0.5 1
m
For reliable operation and best performance, the input The selected output capacitor must have a higher rated
capacitors must have current rating higher than ICIN_RMS voltage specification than the maximum desired output
at worst operating conditions. Ceramic capacitors are voltage including ripple. De-rating needs to be consid-
preferred for input capacitors because of their low ESR ered for long term reliability.
and high current rating. Depending on the application
circuits, other low ESR tantalum capacitor may also be Output ripple voltage specification is another important
used. When selecting ceramic capacitors, X5R or X7R factor for selecting the output capacitor. In a buck con-
type dielectric ceramic capacitors should be used for verter circuit, output ripple voltage is determined by
their better temperature and voltage characteristics. inductor value, switching frequency, output capacitor
Note that the ripple current rating from capacitor manu- value and ESR. It can be calculated by the equation
factures are based on certain amount of life time. below:
Further de-rating may be necessary in practical design.
∆V O = ∆I L × ES R CO + ---------------------------
1
8 × f × C O
Inductor
The inductor is used to supply constant current to output where,
when it is driven by a switching voltage. For given input
CO is output capacitor value, and
and output voltage, inductance and switching frequency
together decide the inductor ripple current, which is: ESRCO is the equivalent series resistance of the output
capacitor.
VO VO
∆I L = -----------
- × 1 – ---------
- When low ESR ceramic capacitor is used as output
f ×L V IN capacitor, the impedance of the capacitor at the switching
frequency dominates. Output ripple is mainly caused by
The peak inductor current is: capacitor value and inductor ripple current. The output
ripple voltage calculation can be simplified to:
∆I
I Lpeak = I O + --------L-
∆V O = ∆I L × ---------------------------
1
2 8 × f × C
O
High inductance gives low inductor ripple current but
requires larger size inductor to avoid saturation. Low If the impedance of ESR at switching frequency
ripple current reduces inductor core losses. It also dominates, the output ripple voltage is mainly decided
reduces RMS current through inductor and switches, by capacitor ESR and inductor ripple current. The output
which results in less conduction loss. Usually, peak to ripple voltage calculation can be further simplified to:
peak ripple current on inductor is designed to be 20%
∆V O = ∆I L × ES R CO
to 30% of output current.
For lower output ripple voltage across the entire operat-
When selecting the inductor, make sure it is able to ing temperature range, X5R or X7R dielectric type of
handle the peak current without saturation even at the ceramic, or other low ESR tantalum are recommended to
highest operating temperature. be used as output capacitors.
The inductor takes the highest current in a buck circuit. In a buck converter, output capacitor current is continuous.
The conduction loss on inductor need to be checked for The RMS current of output capacitor is decided by the
thermal and efficiency requirements. peak to peak inductor ripple current. It can be calculated
by:
Surface mount inductors in different shape and styles are
available from Coilcraft, Elytone and Murata. Shielded ∆I L
inductors are small and radiate less EMI noise. But they I CO _RMS = ----------
cost more than unshielded inductors. The choice 12
depends on EMI requirement, price and size. Usually, the ripple current rating of the output capacitor is
a smaller issue because of the low current stress. When
Output Capacitor the buck inductor is selected to be very small and induc-
The output capacitor is selected based on the DC output tor ripple current is high, the output capacitor could be
voltage rating, output ripple voltage specification and overstressed.
ripple current rating.
1
f Z 2 = -------------------------------------
2π × C C × R C
Thermal Management and Layout The thermal performance of the AOZ1021 is strongly
Consideration affected by the PCB layout. Extra care should be taken
by users during design process to ensure that the IC
In the AOZ1021 buck regulator circuit, high pulsing will operate under the recommended environmental
current flows through two circuit loops. The first loop conditions.
starts from the input capacitors, to the VIN pin, to the LX
pins, to the filter inductor, to the output capacitor and The AOZ1021A is a standard SO-8 package. Layout tips
load, and then return to the input capacitor through are listed below for the best electric and thermal
ground. Current flows in the first loop when the high side performance. Figure 3 illustrates a PCB layout example
switch is on. The second loop starts from inductor, to the of the AOZ1021A.
output capacitors and load, to the low side NMOSFET.
Current flows in the second loop when the low side 1. Do not use thermal relief connection to the VIN
NMOSFET is on. and the PGND pin. Pour a maximized copper area
to the PGND pin and the VIN pin to help thermal
In PCB layout, minimizing the two loops area reduces the dissipation.
noise of this circuit and improves efficiency. A ground
plane is strongly recommended to connect input capaci- 2. Input capacitor should be connected as close as
tor, output capacitor, and PGND pin of the AOZ1021. possible to the VIN pin and the PGND pin.
3. A ground plane is suggested. If a ground plane is
In the AOZ1021 buck regulator circuit, the major power not used, separate PGND from AGND and connect
dissipating components are the AOZ1021 and the output them only at one point to avoid the PGND pin noise
inductor. The total power dissipation of converter circuit coupling to the AGND pin.
can be measured by input power minus output power.
4. Make the current trace from the LX pins to L to CO to
P total _loss = V IN × I IN – V O × I O the PGND as short as possible.
5. Pour copper plane on all unused board area and
The power dissipation of inductor can be approximately connect it to stable DC nodes, like VIN, GND or VOUT.
calculated by output current and DCR of inductor.
6. The LX pins are connected to internal PFET drain.
P inductor _loss = IO2 × R inductor × 1.1 They are a low resistance thermal conduction path
and the most noisy switching node. Connect a
The actual junction temperature can be calculated with copper plane to the LX pins to help thermal
power dissipation in the AOZ1021 and thermal imped- dissipation. This copper plane should not be too
ance from junction to ambient. large otherwise switching noise may be coupled to
other parts of the circuit.
T junction = ( P total _loss – P inductor _loss ) × Θ JA
7. Keep sensitive signal traces far away from the LX
pins.
The maximum junction temperature of AOZ1021 is
150°C, which limits the maximum load current capability.
Please see the thermal de-rating curves for maximum
load current of the AOZ1021 under different ambient
temperature.
C2
C3
PGND 1 8 LX
C1
L1
VIN 2 7 LX
Cd
AGND 3 6 EN
FB 4 5 COMP
R2
Cc
Rc
R1
Vo
E E1
h x 45°
1 C
θ
7° (4x)
A2 A
0.1
b A1
Notes:
1. All dimensions are in millimeters.
2. Dimensions are inclusive of plating
3. Package body sizes exclude mold flash and gate burrs. Mold flash at the non-lead sides should be less than 6 mils.
4. Dimension L is measured in gauge plane.
5. Controlling dimension is millimeter, converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact.
E2 E
See Note 3
B0
K0 D0
A0 P0 Feeding Direction
Unit: mm
Package A0 B0 K0 D0 D1 E E1 E2 P0 P1 P2 T
SO-8 6.40 5.20 2.10 1.60 1.50 12.00 1.75 5.50 8.00 4.00 2.00 0.25
(12mm) ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10
SO-8 Reel
W1
S
G
N
M K
V
R
H
SO-8 Tape
Leader/Trailer
& Orientation
Package Marking
Z1021AI
Part Number Code
FAYWLT
This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published at a later date.
Alpha & Omega Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice.
ALPHA & OMEGA SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL
COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS.
As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or 2. A critical component in any component of a life
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into support, device, or system whose failure to perform can
the body or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system, or to affect its safety or
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be effectiveness.
reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of
the user.