Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT

UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com

HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

9.1 Basic Integration

INDEFINITE INTEGRATION FORMULAE:
x n +1
1.  x dx = + c, n  −1 (NOTE:  dx = x + c )
n

n +1
1
2.  x dx = log x + c
3.  e dx = e +c
x x

ax
4.  a dx = +c
x

log a

5.  sin xdx = − cos x + c

6.  cos xdx = sin x + c

7.  sec x dx = tan x + c
2

8.  cos ec x dx = − cotx +c
2

9.  sec x tan xdx = sec x + c

10.  cos ecx cot xdx = − cos ecx + c

Properties of Integration

1.   f ( x )  f ( x )dx =  f ( x ) dx   f ( x )dx
1 2 1 2

2.  k. f ( x )dx = k  f ( x ) dx
Example 1

Find  10 x dx .
4

Solution:
 10 x dx = 10  4 x dx
4

1
= 10 x 4 dx
1
+1
x4
= 10 • +C
1
+1
4
5
= 8 x 4 +C
5
= 8 x 4 +C , where C is a constant.

Example 2

Find  10( x − x 3 + x)dx .

4

Solution:
 10( x − x3 + x)dx = 10(  x 4 dx −  x3dx +  xdx)
4

5 4
= 2 x5 − x + 5x2 + C
2

Example 3
10dx x 2 + 10
Find (a)  x , (b)  x dx .
Solution:
10dx dx
(a)  = 10 
x x
= 10 ln x + C

x 2 + 10  10 
(b)  x dx =   x + x dx
10
=  xdx +  dx
x
2
x
= + 10 ln x + C
2

Example 4
Find

2
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

e 2 x − 2e −2 x x
(a)  3 dx , (b)  (e 2
− 1) 2 dx .

Solution:
e 2 x − 2e −2 x  1 2 x 2 −2 x 
(a)  3 dx =   3 e − 3 e dx
1 2
=  e 2 x dx −  e − 2 x dx
3 3
1 2x 2 −2 x
=  e dx −  e dx
3 3
1 1 2  1 
= • e 2 x − •  − e −2 x  + C
3 2 3  2 
1 1
= e 2 x + e −2 x + C
6 3
x
 x x

(b)  − =  
 − + 1dx
2 2 2
( e 1) dx e 2e

x

=  e dx − 2 e dx +  dx
x 2

= e − 2 • 2e + x + C
x 2

= e x − 4e 2 + x + C

Example 5
x x x
−
Find  (e e 2
e ) dx .
4 5 10

Solution:
x x x x x x
− 10  − + 

 (e 2 e 4 e 5 ) dx =  e 2 4 5
10
dx
10 (10 − 5 + 4 ) x
= e 20
dx
9x
=  e dx
2

63
2 x
= e 20 + C =2e9x/2/9+C
9
Example 6
Find
(a)  (cos x − 10 sin x)dx ,
1
(b)  cos 2
x
dx .

Solution:
(a)  (cos x − 3 sin x)dx =  cos xdx − 10 sin xdx
= sin x − 10(− cos x) + C
= sin + 10 cos x + C
1
(b)  cos 2
x
dx =  sec 2 xdx

= tan x + C

HKDSE M2 Sample Question

1
 (x − ) 4 dx
2
Find
x
(4 marks)
Solution:

1
 (x − ) 4 dx =  ( x8 − 4 x 5 + 6 x 2 − 4 x −1 + x − 4 )dx
2

x
9 6 3 −3
x x x x
= − 4 + 6 − 4 ln x + +C
9 6 3 −3
9 6
x 2x 1
= − + 2 x3 − 4 ln x − 3 + C
9 3 3x