ĐẢO NGỮ

1) There is an inversion of the subject and the auxiliary verb or the verb “be” if there is SO +
ADJ/ADV at the beginning of the sentence.
e.g. The workmen finished their work so quickly that they were given a bonus.
→ So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
His conceit is so immense that one wants to kick him hard.
→ So immense is his conceit that one wants to kick him hard.
2) Inversion of the subject and the auxiliary verb occurs if there is an adverb or adverb phrase at the
beginning of the sentence.
e.g I have often heard it said that he is not to be trusted.
→ Often have I heard it said that he is not to be trusted.
3) Inversion of the subject and the auxiliary verb occurs if there is a negative adverb or adverb phrase
at the beginning of the sentence.( never, little, hardly / scarcely…………(when)………….., no
sooner…..(than)……………,seldom, rarely, nowhere, etc.)
e.g I would not agree to such a proposal in any circumstances.
→ In no circumstances would I agree to such a proposal.
You will find so many happy people nowhere else.
→ Nowhere else will you find so many happy people.
As soon as he went to bed, the telephone rang once more.
→ No sooner had he gone to bed than the telephone rang once more.
4) Inversion must occur when only (+ at/ by/ when / if/ etc) or not until is in front position and
qualifying the verb.
a) I only have time to read at night.
→ Only at night do I have time to read.
He does not return home until after midnight.
→ Not until after midnight does he return home.
b) We could only recognize him when he took off his sunglasses.
→ Only when he took off his sunglasses could we recognize him.
They did not leave for home until it got dark.
→ Not until it got dark did they leave for home.
5) Inversion must occur in exclamatory sentences introduced by there/ here /first/ last (+ come / go/
sit/ stand/ lie/ exist/ grow/ run / be/ etc) or an adverb phrase of place and the subject is a noun
with the main verb in the simple present or simple past.
e.g The bus comes here. → Here comes the bus.
The gunman goes there. → There goes the gunman.
His faithful dog sat by his side. → By his side sat his faithful dog.
6) Inversion must occur in the if- clause when if is omitted.

OMISSION OF “IF” IN THE “IF-CLAUSE”  for emphasis.

 If Mary telephones, ask her to leave a message.
 Should Mary telephone, ask her to leave a message.
If I were in your shoes, I’d accept the post.
 Were I in your shoes, I’d accept the post.
If he got the scholarship, he could further his study in the university.
 Were he to get the scholarship, he could further his study in the university.
If I had known the truth, I’d have told it to you.
 Had I known the truth, I’d have told it to you.
7) Inversion must occur for emphasis when there is an adjectival phrase or a participial phrase stands at
the beginning of the sentence and the verb BE in the simple present or simple past tense.
e.g. The trees were beautiful in their autumn colours
 Beautiful were the trees in their autumn colours.

***************************

STT Các dạng đảo Công thức Ví dụ

ngữ
No/ Not + N + Aux Verb + S+ Main Not a tear did she shed when the
Verb story ended in a tragedy.
At no time = Never = Under/In no At no time did he suspect that his
circumstances (không bao giờ) girlfriend was an enemy spy-
By no means By no means is she poor. She only
(hoàn toàn không) pretends to be.
For no reason For no reason will we surrender.
Các cụm từ có (không vì lí do gì)
1
NO In no way In no way could I believe in a
(không sao có thể) ridiculous story.
On no condition = On no account + On no account should you be late
Aux Verb + S+ Main Verb (dù bất cứ for the Exam.
lí do gì cũng không)
No longer (không còn nữa) No longer does he make mistakes.
No where + Aux Verb + S+ Main Nowhere can the keys be found.
Verb (không nơi nào, không ở đâu)
Đảo ngữ với các Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Little did he know the truth.
2 trạng từ phủ Hardly , Scarcely, Barely,... Never in my life have I been in such
định an embarrassing situation.
3 Đảo ngữ với Only after + S + V, Aux Verb + S+ Only after I had left home did I
ONLY Main Verb (chỉ sau khi) realize how important my family
played a role in my life.
Only after + N + Aux Verb + S+ Only after his father’s retirement
Main Verb did he take over the company.
 (chỉ sau khi)
Only by + Ving + Aux Verb + S+
Main Verb (chỉ bằng cách)
Only if + S + V, Aux Verb + S+
Main Verb
(chỉ nếu)
Only when + S + V , Aux Verb + S+
Main Verb (chỉ khi)
Only with + N , Aux Verb + S+ Main Only with your help can we
Verb (chỉ với) manage.
Only once/ Only later/ Only in this
way/ Only then + Aux Verb + S+
Main Verb
Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S +
V3+ when + S + V2(quá khứ đơn)
Hardly
4 = No sooner + had + S + V3+ than +
No sooner S + V2(quá khứ đơn)
(ngay khi/ vừa mới thì)
Not only + Aux Verb + S+ Main
Not only ... but Verb + but + S+ also + Main Verb
5
also
(không những ....mà còn)
So + Adj/ Adv+ Aux Verb + S+ Main
Verb + that + clause
Such + be + N + that + clause/ N + be
6 So/Such .... that
+ such + that + clause (quá... đến nỗi
mà)
Not until/till + Time/Time clause,
Not until/ Aux Verb + S+ Main Verb (mãi đến
7 khi)
Not till
Neither + Aux Verb + S+ Main Verb
8 Neither
Câu điều kiện loại 1:
Should +S + V, S + will, can...+ V
Câu điêu kiện loại 2:
Đảo ngữ với câu Were + S + (to- V) + .., S +
9 điêu would/could + V
kiện
Câu điêu kiện loại 3:
Had + S + V3, S + would/could +
have + V3
Only by studying hard can you pass
the exam.
Only if you promise to keep secret
will I tell you about it.
Only when you grow up can you
understand this matter.
Only once have I met her.
Only later did I realize I was
wrong.
Hardly had I gone to bed when the
telephone rang.
= No sooner had I gone to bed than
the telephone rang.
Not only does she sing beautifully
but she also learns well.
So beautiful is she that many boys
run after her.
Her anger was such that she broke
the vase.
= Such was her anger that she broke
the vase.
Not until/till midnight did he come
home.
Not until/tỉll I was 8 did I know
how to ride a bike.
Neither is there excitement nor
entertainment in this small town.
Should he come, please tell him to
see me.
Were I you, I would apply for that
job.
Were I to have enough money, I
would buy that car.
Had the car in the front not stopped
so suddenly, the accidents wouldn’t
have happened.
 Although/even though/though + S + Although the exercise is difficult,
V, S + V the boys can solve it.
= Much as + S + V, S + V = Much as the exercise is difficult,
= No matter what + S + V, S + V the boys can solve it.
hoặc No matter how + adj/adv + S + = No matter how difficult the
10 Although exercise is, the boys can solve it.
V, S + V
= However + adj/adv + S + V = However difficult the exercise is,
the boys can solve it.
= Adj/adv + as/though + S + V, S +
V = Difficult as the exercise is, the
boys can solve it.
Nor + Aux Verb + S+ Main Verb He doesn’t smoke, nor does he
11 NOR
drink.
So/ Neither + Aux Verb + S I can’t sing well, neither can my
Đảo ngữ có sister.
12
SO/NEITHER
He loves football, so do I.
Đảo ngữ với các Adv of place + Main Verb + S Near my house is a bus stop.
trạng từ chỉ
13
phương
hướng/nơi chốn
Cụm phân từ (V-ing/V3) + Main Situated in the central mountains of
Đảo ngữ với Verb + S Alaska is a peak named Denali.
14
cụm phân từ Coming in first in the race was my
sister.

PRACTICE
1. Olga handed in her exam paper. She then realised that she had missed one question.
A. Having realised that she had missed one question, Olga handed in her exam paper.
B. Not until Olga had handed in her exam paper did she realise that she had missed one question.
C. Had Olga realised that she had missed one question, she wouldn’t hand in her exam paper.
D. Only after Olga realised that she had missed one question did she hand in her exam paper.
2. He badly suffered cyberbullying himself. He realized the true dangers of social media only then.
A. Not until he had badly suffered cyberbullying himself did he realize the true dangers of social media
B. Such was his suffering of cyberbullying that he didn’t realize the true dangers of social media.
C. Only when he had realized the true dangers of social media did he badly suffer cyberbullying himself.
D. But for his terrible suffering of cyberbullying, he wouldn’t realize the true dangers of social media.
3. The coach changed his tactics in the second half. His football team won the match.
A. But for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, his football team could have won the match.
B. Not until his football team had won the match did the coach change his tactics in the second half.
C. Only if the coach had changed the tactics in the second half could his football team have won the
match.
D. Had it not been for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, the football team wouldn’t have
won the match.
4. The green campaign was strongly supported by the local people. The neighborhood looks fresh and
clean now.
 A. Had the local people not strongly supported the green campaign, the neighborhood wouldn’t look
fresh and clean now.
B. sacredly had the green campaign been strongly supported by the local people when the neighborhood
looked fresh and clean.
C. Only if the local people had strongly supported the green campaign would the neighborhood look
fresh and clean now.
D. But for the strong support of the local people for the green campaign, the neighborhood would look
fresh and clean now.
5. Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more appealing.
A. Whatever new applications smartphones have, they are becoming more appealing with reasonable
prices.
B. No matter how reasonable the prices OS smartphones are, they are not so appealing with new
applications.
C. Appealing though smartphones are with new applications, they are becoming less affordably priced.
D. Not only are smartphones becoming more affordable but, with new applications, they are also more
appealing.
6. She tried very hard to pass the driving test. She could hardly pass it.
A. Although she didn’t try hard to pass the driving test, she could pass it.
B. Despite being able to pass the driving test, she didn’t pass it.
C. No matter how hard she tried, she could hardly pass the driving test.
D. She tried very hard, so she passed the driving test satisfactorily.
7. Mary left home to start an independent life. She realised how much her family meant to her.
A. Only when Mary realised how much her family meant to her did she leave home to start an
independent life.
B. To realise how much her family meant to her, Mary decided to leave home to start an independent
life.
C. Not until Mary had left home to start an independent life did she realise how much her family meant
to her.
D. Mary left home to start an independent life with a view to realising how much her family meant to
her.
8. Laura practised playing the instrument a lot. She could hardly improve her performance.
A. Hardly had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot when she could improve her performance.
B. Had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could have performed much better.
C. However much Laura practised playing die instrument, she could hardly perform any better.
D. As soon as Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could perform much better.
9. His friends supported and encouraged him. He did really well in the competition.
A. If his friends had given him support and encouragement, he could have done really well in the
competition.
B. No matter how much his friends supported and encouraged him, he couldn’t do well in the
competition.
C. Such were his friends’ support and encouragement that he couldn’t do really well in the competition.
D. Had it not been for his friends’ support and encouragement, he couldn’t have done so well in the
competition.
10. She gave a great performance at the festival. We now know she has artistic talent.
A. Amazing as her artistic talent is, we don’t know about her great performance at the festival.
B. Hardly had we known about her artistic talent when she gave a great performance at the festival.
 C. Although she gave a great performance at the festival, now we still don’t know she has artistic talent.
D. But for her great performance at the festival, we wouldn’t know about her artistic talent now.
11. Peter told us about his leaving the school. He did it on his arrival at the meeting.
A. Only after his leaving the school did Peter inform us of his arrival at the meeting.
B. Not until Peter told us that he would leave the school did he arrive at the meeting.
C. Hardly had Peter informed us about his leaving the school when he arrived at the meeting.
D. No sooner had Peter arrived at the meeting than he told us about his leaving the school.
12. Mike became a father. He felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
A. Were Mike to become a father himself, he would feel a strong sense of responsibility towards his
parents.
B. Only after Mike had become a father himself did he feel a strong sense of responsibility towards his
parents.
C. Had Mike become a father himself, he would have felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his
parents.
D. Not until he felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents did Mike become a father
himself.
13. He had hardly left the office when the phone rang.
A. No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang.
B. No sooner he had left the office than the phone rang.
C. No sooner he had left the office when the phone rang.
D. No sooner he did left the office than the phone rang.
14. No matter how hard Fred tried to start the car, he didn’t succeed.
A. Fred tried very hard to start the car, and succeeded.
B. However hard Fred tried, he couldn’t start the car.
C. It’s hard for Fred to start the car because he never succeeded.
D. Fred tried hard to start the car, and with success
15. Although he was very tired, he agreed to help his child with his homework.
A. Despite of his tiredness, he was eager to help his child with his homework.
B. Tired as he was, he agreed to help his child with his homework.
C. Even if feeling very tired, he agreed to help his child with his homework.
D. He would have helped his child with his homework if he hadn’t been tired.
16. The noise next door did not stop until after midnight.
A. It was not until after midnight that the noise next door stopped.
B. It was midnight that the noise next door stopped.
C. Not until after midnight did the noise next door stopped
D. The noise next door stopped at midnight.
17. Exhaustion prevented any of the runners from finishing the race.
A. The runners can’t finish the race as a result of their exhaustion.
B. The runners are so exhausted that they can’t finish the race,
C. The runners were not exhausted enough to finish the race.
D. So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race.
18. He started computer programming as soon as he left school.
A. No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school.
B. Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school.
C. No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming.
 D. After he left school, he had started computer programming.
19. We stayed in that hotel despite the noise.
A. Despite the hotel is noisy, we stayed here.
B. We stayed in the noisy hotel and we liked it.
C. No matter how noisy the hotel was, we stayed there.
D. Because of the noise, we stayed in the hotel.
20. Friendly though he may seem, he’s not very trusted.
A. However he seems friendly, he’s not to be trusted.
B. However friendly he seems, he’s not to be trusted.
C. He may have friends, but he’s not to be trusted.
D. He’s too friendly to be trusted.
21. Despite his early retirement, he found no peace in life.
A. Although he retired early, but he found no peace in life.
B. His early retirement has brought him peace in life.
C. He found no peace in life because he retired early.
D. Early as he retired, he found no peace in life.
22. It wasn’t clear to us at the time how serious the problem was.
A. We were not sure about how serious the problem was at the time.
B. That the problem was serious was not made clear to us.
C. Little did we know anything about the seriousness of the problem.
D. Little did we realise at the time how serious the problem was.
23. If you want to save your eyesight, you must operate immediately.
A. Unless you want to save your eyesight, you mustn’t operate immediately.
B. Only by operating immediately can you save your eyesight.
C. Provided that you must operate immediately, you can save your eyesight.
D. If you did operate immediately, you couldn’t save your eyesight.
24. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
A. Only after I had realized what I had missed did they tell me about it later.
B. As soon as they told me about it I realized what I had missed.
C. Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
D. They told me about it and I realized what I had missed.
25. The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book immediately.
A. So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately.
B. So great the demand was that they had to reprint the book immediately.
C. Such great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately.
D. Such was the demand great that they had to reprint the book immediately.
26. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones.
A. Mrs Jones is the most dedicated worker you won’t find anywhere.
B. Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones.
C. Nowhere will not you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones.
D. Mrs Jones can’t be found in nowhere.
27. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
A. At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
B. At no time the outcome of the election was in doubt.
 C. Never in doubt was the outcome of the election.
D. By no means was the outcome of the election been suspected.
28. The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by united opposition.
A. Only with united opposition could we eliminate terrorism.
B. Only by united opposition can we eliminate terrorism.
C. Only in this way can world terrorism be eliminated.
D. Only then can we eliminate terrorism.
29. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
A. Not until he got home did he forget about the gun.
B. Not until he got home did he remember about the gun.
C. Not until he had got home did he remember about the gun.
D. Not until he had got home did he forget about the gun.
30. The truth only came out on the publication of the general’s personal diaries.
A. Only by publishing the general’s personal diaries, did the truth come out.
B. Not until the general’s personal diaries published did the truth come out.
C. Hardly were the general’s personal diaries published than the truth came out.
D. Only when the general’s personal diaries were published did the truth come out.
31. He finally contracted the disease. He was aware of the importance of preventive measures only then.
A. But for his awareness of the importance of preventive measures, he could have contracted the disease.
B. Hardly had he been aware that preventive measures were essential when he contracted the disease.
C. Not until he was aware of the importance of preventive measures did he contract the disease.
D. Only after he had contracted the disease was he aware that preventive measures were essential.
32. The #Trashtag Challenge has had a great influence on people around the world. They have started
to clean up their nearby polluted areas.
A. So influential is the #Trashtag Challenge that people around the world have started to clean up their
nearby polluted areas.
B. Only if the #Trashtag Challenge greatly influenced people around the world would they start cleaning
up their nearby polluted areas.
C. Not until people around the world had started cleaning up their nearby polluted areas did the
#Trashtag Challenge greatly influence them.
D. But for the great influence of the #Trashtag Challenge, people around the world would havestarted
cleaning their nearby polluted areas.
33. The Covid-19 pandemic was severe. All the schools nationwide were temporarily closed.
A. It was the temporary closure of all the schools nationwide that led to the severity of the Covid-19
pandemic.
B. Not until all the schools nationwide were temporarily closed did the Covid-19 pandemic turn severe.
C. Such was the severity of the Covid-19 pandemic that all the schools nationwide were temporarily
closed.
D. Severe as the Covid-19 pandemic was, all the schools nationwide were temporarily closed.
34. Single-use plastic products are convenient. They are detrimental to the environment.
A. It is their detriment to the environment that makes single-use plastic products convenient.
B. Convenient though single-use plastic products are, they are detrimental to the environment.
C. Not only are single-use plastic products convenient, they are also detrimental to the environment.
D. Were single-use plastic products convenient, they would be detrimental to the environment.
35. The coronavirus pandemic had spread quickly across the country. The government took measures to
prevent the speed of infection.
A. It was not until the coronavirus pandemic spread quickly across the country that the government had
taken measures to prevent the speed of infection.
B. Not until had the coronavirus pandemic spread quickly across the country the government took
measures to prevent the speed of infection.
C. It was not until the coronavirus pandemic had spread quickly across the country did the government
take measures to prevent the speed of infection.
D. Not until the coronavirus pandemic had spread quickly across the country did the government take
measures to prevent the speed of infection.

Sentence Transformation
1.Her grief was so great that she almost fainted. (So)
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful. (Had)
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk. (No sooner)
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents. (Scarcely)
_____________________________________________________________________________
5.The Presidential visit attracted such an enormous crowd that all traffic came to a standstill. (So many)
_____________________________________________________________________________
6.If you want to save your eyesight, we must operate immediately. (Only by)
_____________________________________________________________________________
7.The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister. (Had it not)
_____________________________________________________________________________
8.Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building. (No)
_____________________________________________________________________________
9.She had just begun to speak before people started interrupting her (Hardly)
_____________________________________________________________________________
10.Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building. (Scarcely)
_____________________________________________________________________________
11. I only realised what I had missed when they told me about it later. (Only when)
_____________________________________________________________________________
12.The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book immediately. (So)
_____________________________________________________________________________
13.You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones. (Nowhere)
_____________________________________________________________________________
14.The outcome of the election was never in doubt. (At no time)
_____________________________________________________________________________
15.Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe. (No sooner)
_____________________________________________________________________________
16.Without his help we would all have died. (Had)
_____________________________________________________________________________
17.The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by united opposition. (Only by)
_____________________________________________________________________________
18.I only recognised him when he came into light. (Not until)
_____________________________________________________________________________
19.The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer. (Only after)
_____________________________________________________________________________
20.Thanks to his aunt’s legacy of $10,000 he was able to buy the house he wanted. (Had his)
_____________________________________________________________________________
21.He forgot about the gun until he got home. (Not until)
_____________________________________________________________________________
22.Helen had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back. (Hardly)
_____________________________________________________________________________
23.Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill. (No sooner)
_____________________________________________________________________________
24.There was no precedent for the king’s resignation. (Never)
_____________________________________________________________________________
25.We couldn’t relax until all the guests had gone home. (Only)
_____________________________________________________________________________
26.We only dispatch goods after receiving the money. (Only after the money)
_____________________________________________________________________________
27.There aren’t many other books that explained this problem so well. (In few other books)
_____________________________________________________________________________
28. It was only when I left home that I realised how much my father meant to me. ( Not until )
_____________________________________________________________________________
29. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended. (Had it not )
_____________________________________________________________________________
30. The last thing you should do is to phone the police. (Under no circumstances)
_____________________________________________________________________________