OBJECTIVES:

Factoring completely the

different polynomials with
a. Common monomial factor
Factoring b. Difference of two squares
c. Sum and difference of two
Polynomials cubes
d. Perfect square trinomials;
and
e. General trinomials and
solve problem involving
factors of polynomials
 Factoring is an inverse process of
multiplication. Through factoring, we write
polynomials in simpler form and use it as a way of
solving the roots of an equation.

There are different ways of factoring depending

on the type of polynomials being factored.
 Factoring
The process of finding the
factors of a mathematical expression
is called factoring, which is the
Factoring: opposite process of the
multiplication.
Common
Monomial Terminologies:
Common Monomial Factor (CMF) - the
Factor factor contained in every
term.
Factor- an exact divisor of a number
Monomial – a mathematical expression
consisting of one term
What is the product of x and x? Factors of 12x².
(x)(x) = x2 4 3

What are the factors of x²? 12x2 = (4x)(3x)

x2 = (x)(x) x x

Give the product of 3x and 4x.

What is your observation
(3x)(4x) = (3)(4)(x)(x) from the given examples?
= 12 x2
 Lesson 1: Factoring Common Monomial Factor
To factor a number means to ”express it as a product
of two other natural numbers.”

Example:
18 can be express as:
18 = 1 x 18
=2x9
=3x6

Thus, the numbers 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 18 are called

factors of 18
 Finding the Common Monomial Factor

Recall that a natural number that is not equal to 1 is a prime

number if it has no factor other than 1 and itself.

Example:
2 and 3 are prime numbers, while 4 is not.
 Finding the Common Monomial Factor
Every natural number that is not equal to 1 is either a
prime number or can be written as a product of prime numbers.
Example:
2 is prime
3 is prime
4 is a product of prime numbers, since 4 = 2 x 2 or 22
5 is prime
6 is a product of prime numbers, since 6 = 2 x 3
7 is prime
8 is a product of prime numbers, since 8 = 2 x 2 x 2 or 23
9 is pa product of prime number, since 9 = 3 x 3 or 32, and
10 is a product of prime numbers, since 10 = 2 x 5, and so on.
 Finding the prime factors of a number can be thought of as
breaking down a structure.(in this case, the number) into its
fundamental building blocks (the prime factors).

FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
Polynomial is a finite sum of monomials. Expressing a
polynomial as a product is called factoring.
Some polynomials can be written as products in many
different ways.
Consider the polynomial 6ax + 9ay. Observe that it can be
factored in several ways:
 FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
Polynomial is a finite sum of monomials. Expressing a polynomial as a
product is called factoring.
Some polynomials can be written as products in many different ways.
Consider the polynomial 6ax + 9ay. Observe that it can be factored in several
ways:
6ax + 9ay = 1(6ax + 9ay)
6ax + 9ay = -1(-6ax -9ay)
6ax + 9ay = a(6x + 9y)
6ax + 9ay = 3(2ax + 3ay)
6ax + 9ay = 3a(2x + 3y)
As you can see, there are at least five ways to write 6ax +
9ay as a product where each factor is a polynomial with integer
coefficients.
 Now consider the polynomial 2x + 3y. It can be written as a
product in ONLY TWO WAYS, namely

2x + 3y = 1(2x + 3y) and 2x + 3y = -1(-2x -3y)

Polynomial such as 2x + 3y is called prime polynomials.

REMEMBER: The expression x2+ a for any positive integer a is

a prime polynomial

To factor a polynomial (over the integers) means “to

express the polynomial as a product where each factor is a
polynomial whose numerical coefficients are integers.”
 COMMON MONOMIAL FACTORING
The common monomial factoring technique is
based on the property

ax + ay = a(x + y)
There are two steps to this technique.
1. Involves finding the greatest common monomial factor
(GCMF) of the terms of the given polynomial.
2. Find the remaining factor by dividing the given
polynomial by the greatest common monomial factor
(GCMF).
Example 1: Find the factor of 6b3+ 9b2

Using step 1:
Involves finding the greatest common monomial factor (GCMF)
of the terms of the given polynomial.

6b3 + 9b2 = 6 and 9 GCMF is 3 (numerical coefficients)

6b3 + 9b2 = b3 and b2 GCMF is b2 (literal coefficients)
get the least exponent that appear in each term of the polynomial. It serves as the
GCF of the variables.

Therefore, the GCMF of 6b3 + 9b2 is 3b2

Using step 2:
Find the remaining factor by dividing the given polynomial by the
greatest common monomial factor (GCMF).
6b3 + 9b2 divide by 3b2
6𝑏3 9𝑏2
= +
3𝑏2 3𝑏2
6 3–2 9 Thus, the factor of 6b3 +
=
3
𝑏 + b2 - 2
3 9b2 are the monomial 3b2
and the polynomial 2b + 3,
= 2b1 + 3b0 (any variable or coefficient
with 0 exponent is equal to 1) written as
= 2b + 3
6b3 + 9b2 = 3b2(2b + 3)
Example 2:
Factor the polynomial using common monomial factoring
72x5y4 + 36x2y6 – 54x3y5
Step 1: Find the GCMF
72x5y4 + 36x2y6 – 54x3y5 = 18
72x5y4 + 36x2y6 – 54x3y5 = x2y4 least exponent that appears in each term

2
GCMF: 18x y4
Step 2: Find the remaining factor by dividing each term of the
given polynomial by GCMF

72x5y4 + 36x2y6 – 54x3y5 3

2 4
= 4x + 2y2
– 3xy
18x y
72𝑥 5 𝑦 4 72
18𝑥 2 𝑦 4
= 18 (X5 – 2) (y4 – 4) = 4x3y0 = 4x3
36𝑥 2 𝑦 6 36
= 18 (X2 – 2) (y6 – 4) 0 2 2y2
18𝑥 2 𝑦 4 = 2x y =
54𝑥 3 𝑦 5 54
18𝑥 2 𝑦 4
= 18 (X3 – 2) (y5 – 4) = 3x1y1 = 3xy
Therefore, the factor of the polynomial

72x5y4 + 36x2y6 – 54x3y5

2
Step1: GCMF: 18x y4
3
Step 2: remaining factor 4x+ 2y2
– 3xy

72x5y4 + 36x2y6 – 54x3y5 = 18x2y4(4x3 + 2y2 – 3xy)