GEC 8 - THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Week 3

institutions and
global governance
Instructor: Ms. Ritchel S. Dillano, LPT
General Santos Doctors' Medical School Foundation, Inc.
 At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to:

Learning Know the examples of institutions;

Identify the roles and functions of the Global
Outcomes Governance actors, particularly the UN; and
Describe the challenges of global governance in
the 21st century.
Institutions
These are the rules of structural social interaction (both formal and informal) that
structure the incentives in human exchange either economically, politically, or
socially.

an integrated system of are man-made, non-technological features that influence

beliefs, norms, organizations, economic outcomes by constraining behavior. Institutions
and rules that generate the affect efficiency and productivity by influencing and
regularity of behavior coordinating consumption

Greif (1993) North (1990)

Formal
Institutions
refer to property rights, legal systems, rule of law, and the
constitution of the country.
They are enforced by official entities, such as courts,
judges, police, bureaucrats, etc.

Informal
Institutions
refer to how individuals behave in everyday life in terms of
their belief (religion), history, culture, or social acceptability.
They are self-enforcing through mechanisms of obligation,
such as clan networks, or simply because following rules is in
the best interest of the individuals who may find themselves
in a "Nash Equilibrium" where everyone is better from
cooperation.
 Global
Governance
Global Governance
 Global Governance

Global
the complex of formal and informal institutions, mechanisms,

Governance
relationships and processes between and among states, markets, citizens
and organisations — both intergovernmental and non-governmental —
through which collective interests are articulated, rights and obligations
established and differences are mediated.
Primary Institutions of Global Governance
1. United Nations
2. World Trade Organization
3. World Bank
4. International Monetary Fund
united nations
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945.
Currently made up of 193 Member States, the UN and its work are guided by
the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.

The UN has evolved over the years to keep pace with a rapidly changing world.

But one thing has stayed the same: it remains the one place on Earth where all
the world’s nations can gather together, discuss common problems, and find
shared solutions that benefit all of humanity.
UN's Six Active Organs

A. General Assembly
UN's main deliberative policymaking and representative organ

It is the only organ where all member-states have equal

representation in discussion and consideration, and
policymaking.
UN's Six Active Organs

B. Security Council
the organ that has the commitment to preserve peace and
security

consists of 15 member states--10 of which are electedto 2-year

terms while the other 5 is referred to as Permanent 5 namely,
China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States
UN's Six Active Organs

C. Economic and Social Council

main organ for cooperation, policy review, policy dialogue, and
advice on social, economic, and environmental issues, as well as
the implementation of internationally agreed development goals

UN's central platform for discussions on sustainable

development
UN's Six Active Organs

D. International Court of Justice

prime judicial organ of UN

settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give

advisory opinions referred to it by authorized UN organs and
specialized agencies
UN's Six Active Organs

E. Trusteeship Council
organ tasked to administer international oversight for 11 trust
territories and to make sure that adequate procedures are taken
for independence and self-government.
UN's Six Active Organs

F. Secretariat
organ tasked to execute daily activities as assigned by the five
other organs
the bureaucracy of the UN serving as as kind of international
civil service
 Challenges
of the united nations
1. UN's influence my
be circumscribed.
There are limits placed upon various organs and
programs by the need to respect state
sovereignty. If states refuse to cooperate, the
influence of the UN can be severely
circumscribed.
2. Security Council'
veto power over resolutions
As mentioned, the UN's SC is tasked to authorize
international acts of military interventions.
Becuase of P5's veto power, it is tough for the
whole council to release a formal resolution,
much more implement it.
3. Knowledge
UN is underappreciated regarding how its
convening capacity and mobilizing power are
utilized to help funnel and consolidate
knowledge from outside and ensure its
discussion and dissemination among
governments.
4. Norms
The contrasting moral structures of social
behavior in different member-states complicate
the formulation of a normative standard that
can be applicable to all.
5. Formulating Propositions
Problems occur when only the member-states
are heard. BElitteling the helping hand ofNGOs
and the global public opinion.
6. Instituions and compliance
Institutions can be places where ideas are
cornered and left behind. The modality and
processes for enforcing compliance with
international norms and laws are not present. In
fact, some UN staff members violate, cheat, and
challenge them
 the

Conclusion
Contemporary global governance defines the political scope of
globalization. Cooperation among nation-states is the only way
to reform and advance the roles and functions of interstate
relationships despite real challenges being faced by UN.