GLOBAL

GOVERNANCE
 Table of Contents
• GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• GOVERNANCE
• 3 NEW FORMS OF GLOBAL OR TRANSANTIONAL GOVERNANCE
• UNITED NATION
• ROLES AND FUNCTIONS of the UNITED NATIONS
• 6 ORGANS OF THE UN
• CHALLENGES THAT COMFRONTS THE UN
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• Global governance is a means to manage issues that cut across
national borders- whether it is a pandemic, a financial crisis, or
climate change.
• Global governance refers to the process of designating
standards, laws, rules, regulations intended for global scale.
 GOVERNANCE
• Governance refers to the "processes and institutions, formal and informal,
whereby rules are created, compliance is elicited, and goods are provided
in pursuit of collective goals" (Hale and Held, 2011).
• Also known as legal pluralism (Reyntjens, 2016), global governance goes
beyond the traditional forms of cooperation between sovereign nation-
states to include a broader variety of networked organizations and
individuals that had not previously participated directly in creating and
enforcing norms and rules (Cox & Schilthuis, 2012).
HOW DOES GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
EMERGE?
• The starting point of the emergence for global governance is mainly
because the governance for the planet is weak, There is no central
authority, and there is minimal enforcement, to assist nation-states
in resolving their problems. As a result, global governance becomes
a kind of surrogate by giving solutions to collective problems that
are sometimes insurmountable for governments to solve on their
own through authority and enforcement for the contemporary world.
 There are at least three new forms of global or
transnational governance:
• (a) there is governance through multi-stakeholder initiatives, which brings
together various public and private actors into public policy networks and
partnerships.
• (b) most common form of global governance involves the creation of
voluntary regulations. voluntary regulatory systems, MNCs agree to a set
of social and/or environmental practices that go beyond the stated or
enforced set of laws in the area in which they operate Sometimes, these
standards are created directly by the companies in each sector and ar little
more than public-relations tools.
• (c) there are transnational arbitration bodies, where global governance has
been accorded to courts and lawyers, but their authority is not based in
international law (Hale & Held, 2011) For example, the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has an environmenta side-agreement that
strives to make sure that member countries follow their own
environmental laws (Hale, 2011).
UNITED NATION
 UNITED NATION
• The United Nations is an intergovernmental
organization whose stated purposes are to maintain
international peace and security, develop friendly
relations among nations, achieve international
cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the
actions of nations
UNITED NATION

• The UN began its operation on October 24 1945.

• It is entry that is concerned primarily with for
broad areas.
UNITED NATION
• The first involves military issues. It was envisioned as a vital player in
maintaining peace and security, particularly between states. Interventions in
civil wars in developing nations, "election and human rights monitoring,
disarmament, and even the assumption of govemmental functions" were
among the items on the list (Weiss and Zach, 2007
UNITED NATION
• The second category deals with economic concerns. Its main goal has
been to support initiatives that will reduce global inequality. It's a key
participant in closing the knowledge gap about the long-term implications
of trade arrangements. It has filled in normative gaps for the world
organization by supporting norms of equity, equality, and international
redistributive justice in both development and commerce.
UNITED NATION
• The third category is environmental concerns, which are principally addressed
by the United Nations Environment Programme. As a result, the United Nations
has been in the forefront of developing a global environmental agenda.
• Finally, there are issues of human protection to consider. Human rights treaties
and agreements supported by the United Nations have attempted to defend
human rights all around the world. The United Nations' instruments and
strategies for enforcing human rights norms and standards range from
encouraging and persuading to naming and shaming, but they rarely resul in real
punishment.
 ROLES AND FUNCTIONS of the UNITED
NATIONS
1. to maintain international peace and security.
2. to develop friendly relations among nations
3. respect for the principle of equal rights and self-
determination of peoples.
4. to strengthen international laws.
5. to protect human rights.
6. to deliver humanitarian aid.
7. to support sustainable development and climate action.
 6 ORGANS OF THE UN
• The General
• The Security
• The Economic and Social
• The Trusteeship Council
• The International Court of Justice.
• The Secretariat
 The General Assembly
• The General Assembly is the primary deliberative and policymaking arm
of the UN, at which all 193 member states are represented.
• It meets annually in September to debate pressing issues and to make
decisions and recommendations on important questions of peace and
security, economic and social development, the protection of human
rights, the codification of international law, and the admission of new
member states, among other matters.
 The Security Council
• The Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining
international peace and security.
• It is comprised of 15 members, five of which are permanent (China, the
Russian Federation, France, the U.K., and the U.S.).
• The other ten members are elected by the General Assembly to two-year
terms
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

• It provides a central forum for discussing the world's economic,

social, and environmental challenges and for formulating policy
recommendations to address them.
• ECOSOC is responsible for promoting higher standards of
living, full employment, and economic and social progress;
identifying solutions to international economic, social and
health problems;
 The Trusteeship Council
• The organ tasked to administer international oversight for 11
trust territories and to make sure that adequate procedures are
taken for independence and self-government.
 The International Court of Justice
• The International Court of Justice, also known as the World
Court, is the UN's principal judicial organ.
• The Court's role is to settle, in accordance with international
law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give
advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by
authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
 The Secretariat
• prepares draft texts of resolutions.
• organizes the implementation of decisions, documents the
• work of the United Nations while registering and editing
• the texts in their different stages.
• organizes international conferences.
• At its head is the Secretary-General, who provides overall
• administrative guidance.
• The secretary-general is elected by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Security
Council, for a renewable five-year term.
 Challenges that confronts the UN based on knowledge, norms,
policy, institutions, and compliance by Weiss and Thakur (2014)

• In terms of managing knowledge. The UN's convening capacity and

mobilizing power are undervalued in terms of how they are used to assist
funnel and integrate outside knowledge and ensure its discussion and
dissemination among states.
• In terms of developing norms. The contrasting moral structure of social
behavior in different member-states complicate the formulation of a
normative standard that can be applicable to all.
• In terms of promulgating recommendations. Problems occur when only the
member- states are heard. The United Nations dismisses the assistance of non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) and lobal popular opinion. Recommendations
aren't always followed through on.

• In terms of institutionalizing ideas. Institutions can also be a place where ideas

are stifled and forgotten. There is no mechanism or method for enforcing
compliance with international norms and regulations. In truth, some UN employees
defy, deceive, and challenge them.
REFERENCES
• The Contemporary World Module (studylib.net) (Module)
• United Nations – Wikipedia (Definition)
• Main Bodies | United Nations (6 Organs)
THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU

Gaspe, K.A
Quino, C.
Leano, V.B.