Mapa conceptual (B.

Propiedades de los vectores, operaciones básicas con vectores, vectores

base, producto punto y producto cruz.)
2) Considere los vectores 𝒗⃗ y 𝒘⃗ correspondientes al literal escogido, calcule:
• La suma 𝒖⃗ = 𝒗⃗ + 𝒘⃗ .
• La magnitud (o norma) de 𝒖⃗ .
• El vector unitario en la dirección de 𝒖⃗ .
• El ángulo formado por 𝒗⃗ y 𝒘⃗ .
B. 𝒗⃗ = (𝟐,𝟎, −𝟏) y 𝒘⃗ = (𝟏, 𝟎, −𝟐).
• Suma:
𝒖⃗ = 𝒗⃗ + 𝒘⃗ .
𝑢⃗ = (2,0, −1) + (1, 0, −2)
𝑢⃗ = (2 + 1, 0 + 0, (−1) + (−2))
𝒖⃗ = (𝟑, 𝟎, −𝟑)
• Magnitud 𝒖⃗ :
|(𝟑, 𝟎, −𝟑)|

= √32 + 02 + (−3)2

= √9 + 9 = √18

= 𝟑√𝟐
• Vector unitario
𝑢⃗
⃗
𝑎̂ =
|𝑢⃗
⃗|
(3, 0, −3)
𝑎̂ =
3√2
3 0 −3
𝑎̂ = , ,
3√2 3√2 3√2
√𝟐 √𝟐
̂=(
𝒂 , 𝟎, − )
𝟐 𝟐
• Angulo
𝑣⋅𝑤 ⃗⃗
cos(𝜃) =
|𝑣 | ⋅ |𝑤⃗⃗ |

(2,0, −1) ⋅ (1, 0, −2)

cos(𝜃) =
|(2,0, −1)| ⋅ |(1, 0, −2)|

(2,0, −1) ⋅ (1, 0, −2)

= (2 ∗ 1 + 0 ∗ 0 + ( −1) ∗ (−2))
 = (2 + 0 + 2) = 4
|𝑣 |: |(2,0, −1)|

= √22 + 02 + (−1)2
= √4 + 1 = √5
|𝑤
⃗⃗ |: |(1, 0, −2)|

= √12 + 02 + (−2)2
= √1 + 4 = √5
4
cos(𝜃) =
√5 ⋅ √5
4
cos(𝜃) =
5
4
𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
5
𝜽 = 𝟑𝟔, 𝟖𝟕°

3) Considere los vectores 𝒖⃗ y 𝒗⃗ correspondiente al literal escogido.

• Determine el producto cruz 𝒖⃗ × 𝒗⃗ •
• Determine la proyección ortogonal del vector 𝒖⃗ sobre 𝒗⃗
B. 𝒖⃗ = (−𝟏,𝟎, −𝟐) y 𝒗⃗ = (𝟏, −𝟐, −𝟏)
• Producto cruz
−1 0 −2
𝑢⃗
⃗ 𝑥𝑣=| |
1 −2 −1
0 −2 −1 −2 −1 0
𝑢⃗
⃗ 𝑥𝑣=| |−| |+| |
−2 −1 1 −1 1 −2
⃗ 𝑥 𝑣 = [(0)(−1) − (−2)(−2)] − [(−1)(−1) − (−2)(1)] + [(−1)(−2) − (0)(1)]
𝑢⃗
⃗ 𝑥 𝑣 = [0 − 4] − [1 + 2] + [2 − 0]
𝑢⃗
⃗ 𝒙 𝒗⃗
𝒖⃗ ⃗ = (−𝟒, −𝟑, 𝟐)
• Proyección ortogonal
⃗ ⋅ 𝒗⃗
𝒖⃗ ⃗
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒚𝒗⃗⃗ (𝒖⃗
⃗)= ⃗
𝒗⃗
⃗ |𝟐
|𝒗⃗
𝑢⃗
⃗ ⋅ 𝑣 = (−1,0, −2) ⋅ (1, −2, −1)

⃗ ⋅ 𝑣 = ((−1) ∗ 1 + 0 ∗ (−2) + ( −2) ∗ (−1)) ⋅ (1, −2, −1)

𝑢⃗

⃗ ⋅ 𝑣 = (−1 + 0 + 2) = 1
𝑢⃗

|𝑣 |: |(1, −2, −1)|

= (√12 + (−2)2 + (−1)2 )

= √1 + 4 + 1 = √6

1
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣⃗ (𝑢⃗
⃗)= 2⋅
(1, −2, −1)
√6
1
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣⃗ (𝑢⃗
⃗ ) = ⋅ (1, −2, −1)
6
1 1 1
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣⃗ (𝑢⃗
⃗ ) = ( ∗ 1, ∗ (−2), ∗ (−1))
6 6 6
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒚𝒗⃗⃗ (𝒖⃗
⃗ ) = ( ,− ,− )
𝟔 𝟑 𝟔

4) Considere las siguientes matrices

• Hallar la matriz resultante de la operación referente al literal escogido.

• Calcular el determinante de la matriz obtenida en el ítem anterior.

B. (𝟐𝑩) ⋅ 𝑪 + 𝑨𝑻

4 0
2𝐵 = 2 (1 5 )
1 −4

2∗4 2∗0
= (2 ∗ 1 2∗5 )
2 ∗ 1 2 ∗ (−4)

8 0
= (2 10 )
2 −8

8 0
1 2 3
2𝐵 ⋅ 𝐶 = (2 10 ) ⋅ ( )
1 −2 0
2 −8

8∗1+0∗1 8 ∗ 2 + 0 ∗ (−2) 8∗3+0∗0

= ( 2 ∗ 1 + 10 ∗ 1 2 ∗ 2 + 10(−2) 2 ∗ 3 + 10 ∗ 0 )
2 ∗ 1 + (−8) ∗ 1 2 ∗ 2 + (−8)(−2) 2 ∗ 3 + (−8) ∗ 0
 8 16 24
= ( 12 −16 6)
−6 20 6

1 0 −3 𝑇
𝑇
𝐴 =( 3 −1 0)
−1 4 2

1 3 −1
=( 0 −1 4)
−3 0 2

8 16 24 1 3 −1
(2𝐵) ⋅ 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑇 = ( 12 −16 6 ) ⋅ ( 0 −1 4)
−6 20 6 −3 0 2

8 ∗ 1 + 16 ∗ 0 + 24(−3) 8 ∗ 3 + 16(−1) + 24 ∗ 0 8(−1) + 16 ∗ 4 + 24 ∗ 2

= (12 ∗ 1 + (−16) ∗ 0 + 6(−3) 12 ∗ 3 + (−16)(−1) + 6 ∗ 0 12(−1) + (−16)4 + 6 ∗ 2)
(−6) ∗ 1 + 20 ∗ 0 + 6(−3) (−6) ∗ 3 + 20(−1) + 6 ∗ 0 6(−1) + 20 ∗ 4 + 6 ∗ 2

−64 8 104
= ( −6 52 −64)
−24 −38 98

−𝟔𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟒
(𝟐𝑩) ⋅ 𝑪 + 𝑨𝑻 = ( −𝟔 𝟓𝟐 −𝟔𝟒)
−𝟐𝟒 −𝟑𝟖 𝟗𝟖

−64 8 104
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( −6 52 −64)
−24 −38 98

52 −64 −6 −64 −6 52
= −64 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) − 8 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) + 104 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( )
−38 98 −24 98 −24 −38

52 −64
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 52 ∗ 98 − (−64)(−38) = 2664
−38 98

−6 −64
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = (−6) ∗ 98 − (−64)(−24) = −2124
−24 98

−6 52
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = (−6)(−38) − 52 ∗ (−24) = 1476
−24 −38

= −64 ∗ 2664 − 8 ∗ (−2124) + 104 ∗ 1476

= −170496 + 16992 + 153504 = 0

−𝟔𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝒅𝒆𝒕 ( −𝟔 𝟓𝟐 −𝟔𝟒) = 𝟎
−𝟐𝟒 −𝟑𝟖 𝟗𝟖
5)

• Determine la matriz inversa utilizando el algoritmo de eliminación de Gauss-Jordán.

• Determine la matriz inversa por medio del cálculo de la matriz adjunta y el determinante.

• Inversa Gauss-Jordán
1 0 0 −1
(2 1 0)
−1 −2 −1
1 0 0 1 0 0
= [( 2 1 0 |0 1 0)]
−1 −2 −1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 1 0
= [( 1 0 0 |1 0 0)] 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑎 𝑅1 ↔ 𝑅2
−1 −2 −1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1
= [( 0 − 0 |1 − 0)] 𝑅2 − ∗ 𝑅1 → 𝑅2
2 2 2
−1 −2 −1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1
= 0 − 2 0 |1 − 2 0 𝑅3 + ∗ 𝑅1 → 𝑅3
3 1 2
[( 0 − −1 0 1)]
2 2
2 1 0 0 1 0
3 1
= 0 − −1 |0 1 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑅2 ↔ 𝑅3
2 2
1 1
[(0 −
2
0 1 −
2
0)]
2 1 0 0 1 0
3 1 1
= 0 − −1 |0 1 𝑅3 − ∗ 𝑅2 → 𝑅3
2 2
1 2 1 3
[(0 0
3
1 −
3
− )]
3
2 1 0 0 1 0
= [(0 3 1
− −1 |0 1 )] 3 ∗ 𝑅3 → 𝑅3
2 2
0 0 1 3 −2 −1
2 1 0 0 1 0
= [(0 3 3
− 0 |3 − 0 )] 𝑅2 + 1 ∗ 𝑅3 → 𝑅2
2 2
0 0 1 3 −2 −1
 2 1 0 0 1 0 2
= [(0 1 0 |−2 1 0 )] − ∗ 𝑅2 → 𝑅2
3
0 0 1 3 −2 −1

2 0 0 2 0 0
= [(0 1 0 |−2 1 0 )] 𝑅1 − 1 ∗ 𝑅2 → 𝑅1
0 0 1 3 −2 −1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1
= [(0 1 0 |−2 1 0 )] ∗ 𝑅1 → 𝑅1
2
0 0 1 3 −2 −1
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
(𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 ) = (−𝟐 𝟏 𝟎)
−𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏

• Inversa matriz adjunta y determinante

𝟏
𝑴−𝟏 = ∗ 𝑨𝒅𝒋(𝑴); 𝑨𝒅𝒋 𝒅𝒆 𝒖⃗𝒏𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒛 𝒄𝒖⃗𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒆𝒔 (𝒄𝒐𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔(𝑨))𝑻
𝐝𝐞𝐭 (𝑴)

1 0 0
det(𝐵) = ( 2 1 0)
−1 −2 −1

1 0 2 0 2 1
= 1 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) − 0 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) + 0 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( )
−2 −1 −1 −1 −1 −2

1 0
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 1 ∗ (−1) − (0)(−2) = −1
−2 −1

2 0
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 2 ∗ (−1) − 0 ∗ (−1) = −2
−1 −1

2 1
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 2 ∗ (−2) − 1 ∗ (−1) = −3
−1 −2

= 1 ∗ (−1) − 0 ∗ (−2) + 0 ∗ (−3)

= −1 + 0 + 0 = −1

1 0 0 + − +
Adj(𝐵) ( 2 1 0 ) (− + −)
−1 −2 −1 + − +

1 0
𝐵1,1 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 1 ∗ (−1) − 0 ∗ (−2) = −1
−2 −1

2 0
𝐵1,2 = − 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 2 ∗ (−1) − 0 ∗ (−1) = −2
−1 −1

2 1
𝐵1,3 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 2 ∗ (−2) − 1 ∗ (−1) = −3
−1 −2
 0 0
𝐵2,1 = − 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 0 ∗ (−1) − 0 ∗ (−2) = 0
−2 −1

1 0
𝐵2,2 = + 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 1 ∗ (−1) − 0 ∗ (−1) = −1
−1 −1

1 0
𝐵2,3 = − 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 1 ∗ (−2) − 0 ∗ (−1) = −2
−1 −2

0 0
𝐵3,1 = + 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 0 ∗ (−1) − 0 ∗ (−2) = 0
−2 −1

1 0
𝐵3,2 = − 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( )=1∗0−0∗2=0
2 0

1 0
𝐵3,3 = + 𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( )=1∗1−0∗2=1
2 1

1 0 0 −1 2 −3 𝑇
Adj(𝐵) ( 2 1 0 )=( 0 −1 2 )
−1 −2 −1 0 0 1

−1 2 −3 𝑇 −1 0 0
(0 −1 2 ) =( 2 −1 0)
0 0 1 −3 2 1

1
𝐵−1 = ∗ 𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐵)
det (𝐵)
1 −1 0 0
𝐵−1 = ∗ ( 2 −1 0)
−1
−3 2 1
−1 0 0 1 0 0
𝐵−1 = −1 ∗ ( 2 −1 0) = −2 1 0
−3 2 1 3 −2 −1
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
−𝟏
𝑩 = (−𝟐 𝟏 𝟎)
𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏