Assignment

Course Title: Textile Physics

Course code: TE 317
Topic: Details study on fiber swelling properties

SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Md. Mashud Raihan
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University

SUBMITTED BY:
Name Student ID
Rakibul Hassan Jahin 191-23-5589
Rakin Raihan 191-23-5527
Palash Debnath 191-23-5504
Johirul Islam 191-23-5490

Section: C
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University

Date of submission :

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
My assignment topic is Fiber Swelling properties. Thank you, sir, for choosing this
topic. And also, thanks for teaching us this course very finely and smoothly.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SERIAL Title of the name Page

NUMBER
01 COVER PAGE 01
02 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 02
03 INTRODUCTION 04
04 Significant of Swelling 05
05 Types of Swelling 05
06 Important of Swelling 07
07 Relationship between SA & SD 08
08 Relationship between SA,SV and SL 08
09 Factors influencing swelling properties of textile fibres 09
10 Effects of swelling on textile Fiber 10

INTRODUCTION

When the fibers absorb water, they change dimensionally (length, diameter,
area). Swelling occurs in transverse direction (width wise) and axial direction
(length wise). It can be expressed in terms of increase in diameter, length, area
and volumes. That means the dimensionally changes due to absorbing water
or moisture by any fiber is termed as swelling property.
 Significance of Swelling

The predominant width-wise (transverse) swelling results in a shrinkage of

twisted or interlaced structure.
The closely woven fabrics will be completely blocked when the fabrics are
swollen, and they may be impermeable to water. Thus this property of fiber is
used to make water proof fabric.
It is also an important factor in crepeing due to increased twist angle in
swollen yarn, and in drying and dyeing.
 Types of Swelling

1.Transverse dial swelling

2.Transverse area swelling
3.Axial swelling
4.Volume swelling

Fig: Fiber diagram

1. Transverse dial swelling: Fractional increase in diameter of a fiber after swelling

is called transverse dia swelling.

Mathematically,
Transverse dia swelling, SD = ∆D / D
Where, D = original diameter of fiber, ∆D =increased diameter of swollen fiber.

2. Transverse area swelling: Fractional increase in area of a fiber after swelling is

called transverse area swelling.
Mathematically,
Transverse area swelling, SA = ∆A / A
Where, A = original area of fiber, ∆A = increased area of swollen fiber.

3. Axial swelling: Fractional increase in length of a fiber after swelling is called

axial swelling.

Mathematically, Axial swelling, SL = ∆L / L

Where, A = original length of fiber, ∆L = increased length of swollen fiber.

4. Volume swelling: Fractional increase in volume of a fiber after swelling is called

volume swelling.

Mathematically,
Volume swelling, SV = ∆V / V
Where, V = original Volume of fiber, ∆V = increased volume of swollen fiber.

Importance of Swelling
1.Improve the absorption capability of dyes and chemicals.
2.It has technical consequences in the dimensional stability of the fabric, the
predominant transverse swelling measurement.
3.Due to swelling the pores of interlaced structure will be blocked, this idea is
used to produced shower proof fabric.
4.Improve fastness of dyed materials.
5.Elastic properties changed.
6.Static Electricity is reduced.

Relationship between SA & SD

We know that,
Transverse area swelling, SA = ∆A / A
Transverse dia. swelling, SD = ∆D / D
For a circular fiber, area A = (π/4) D2
For a swollen fiber, we get, A+∆A = (π/4) (D+∆D)2
= (π/4) (D2 + 2D. ∆D + ∆D2)
Now, SA = ∆A / A
= (A+∆A-A) / A
= {(π/4) (D2 + 2D. ∆D + ∆D2) - (π/4) D2}/ (π/4) D2
= (π/4) (D2 + 2D. ∆D + ∆D2 - D2) / (π/4) D2
= (2D. ∆D + ∆D2) / D2
= (2D. ∆D / D2) + (∆D2/ D2)
= 2(∆D / D) + (∆D2/ D2)
= 2 SD + SD2

So, SA = 2 SD + SD2.

Relationship between SA, SV and SL

We know that,
Transverse area swelling, SA = ∆A / A
Volume swelling, SV = ∆V / V
Axial swelling, SL = ∆L / L
For a circular fiber, volume, V=AL
For a swollen fiber, we get, V +∆V = (A +∆A) (L +∆L)
= AL + A∆L + ∆AL + ∆A ∆L
Now, SV = ∆V / V
= (V+ ∆V - V) / V
= (AL + A∆L + ∆AL + ∆A ∆L - AL)/AL
= ∆L / L+ ∆A/ A + ∆A/ A. ∆L / L
= SL + SA + SL. SA

So, SV = SL + SA + SL. SA.

Factors influencing swelling properties of

textile fibres

1.Composition of the material (such as cotton, polyester, acrylic, nylon etc.)

2. Size and form of the sample (such as fiber, yarn, fabric etc.)
3.External condition (temperature, humidity)
4.Chemical content (such as oil, wax and other impurities)

Effects of swelling on textile fibres

1. improves the absorption of dyes and chemicals in fibre.

2.Due to swelling the pores of closely interlaced woven fabric will be completely
blocked and thus it may act as water proof fabric.
3.Swelling changes the dimensional stability of fabric.
4.Swelling changes the electric and tensile properties of fibre.
5.Swelling minimizes static charge formation.