ELEMENTS OF ART  Organic- free-formed and curved, like

people, animals, trees, and other natural

elements.
ELEMENTS OF ART  Geometric- precise – like squares,
triangles, rectangles, polygons, etc.
 The elements of art and principles of design
are the fundamental parts of an artwork. 3. COLOR
 Building blocks of every artwork
 Produced by the way an object reflects or
 Identifying these elements is one way to
emits light. By placing colors next to each
understand an artwork.
other in different ways, artists can create a
 Mastery of these elements can make variety of effects.
analysis more meaningful.  Primary colors- Blue, Yellow, Red, from
 Elements of art includes: which all other colors are made.
1. Line  Complementary- the opposite hues on the
2. Shape
color wheel. In their most basic form, they
3. Color are one primary color and the secondary
4. Space
color that is created by mixing the other
5. Texture two primaries.
6. Form
 Analogous- are colors that are next to each
7. Value
other on the color wheel.
1. LINE  Warm - Yellow, red, orange and different
shades of these colors are warm colors
 The path of a point moving through space.  Cool- green, blue, and purple, and
 There are many types of line. We can look f variations of those three colors.
or the direction of the line, the feeling of t
he line, the quality of the line, and how the  PROPERTIES OF COLOR
lines move our eye through artworks.
 Hue- the name of the color.
TYPES OF LINE  Value- a color’s lightness or darkness.
 Intensity- refers to the brightness of a
 active-passive
color, often measured by boldness or
 flowing-light dullness.
 thick-thin
 broken-continuous 4. SPACE
 implied-actual  How an artwork uses or depicts depth or d
 contour-outline istance. 
 perpendicular-parallel
 bold-delicate Note: Depth and distance can be perceived because
 straight-curved of the size differences, the placement, and the
 long-short value.
 geometric-organic  Space can give the illusion of objects in an 
 precise-irregular artwork being close or far away. 
 vertical-horizontal  Positive space is the areas of the artwork fil
 zig-zag – direct led with the content
 Negative space is the space in between.
2. SHAPE
 Sculptors and architects work with all three 
 An enclosed area of space created through  dimensions of space – height, width, and de
lines and other elements of the composition pth. 
. Shapes can be geometric or free-form.  Artists who work on a flat surface can make 
a two-dimensional surface appear three-
KINDS OF SHAPE
dimensional. 
5. TEXTURE

 Tactile qualities of a surface – the way

objects actually feel or the way they look
like they would feel.
 A painting, drawing, print, or other two-
dimensional work can be made to look like
a textured surface – implied texture.
2 TYPES OF TEXTURE

 Implied texture- created using other

elements of art, including form, line, shape
and color. 
 Real texture- things feel just as they
appear.
6. FORM

 Closely related to shape, but form is always

three-dimensional.
 Measurable by length, width, and height,
and encloses volume.
 Can be actual 3-D forms created with
sculpture or architecture, or they can be
implied forms where the artist creates the
illusion of the form onto a flat surface.
2D & 3D

 2- Dimensional- can be seen only from one

side
 3- Dimensional- can be viewed from any
side
7. VALUE

 Refers to the lightness and darkness of

colors.
 Often described in varying levels of
contrast.
 Value scale shows the range of tones from
white, which is the lightest, to black, which
is the darkest.
 The closer together the values are on a
scale, the less contrast we see.

PRINCIPLES OF ART AND DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF ART AND DESIGN
 The elements of art and the principles of
design are the fundamental parts of an
artwork.
 Identifying these elements is one way to
understand an artwork. This includes:
1. Composition
2. Emphasis
3. Rhythm
4. Balance
5. Contrast
6. Movement
7. Proportion
8. Unity
9. Variety
1. COMPOSITION
 Refers to the placement or arrangement
of the elements of art in a work of art.
 A formal analysis of work of art involves
looking at the artists’ use of the elements
and principles of art and how they work
together to create meaning.
2. EMPHASIS
 Refers to the area of an artwork that
dominates attention or draws interest.
 Often the place a viewer looks first.
 Artist can create emphasis by contrasting
the following elements of art:
o Color
o Shape
o Size and Dominance
o Detail
o Contrast
o Isolation
3. RHYTHM
 Refers to the movement or action of a
composition, usually achieved through
repetition of lines, shapes, colors, and more.
 Creates visual tempo in artworks and
provides a path for the viewer’s eye to
follow.
4. BALANCE
 Refers to the distribution of visual weight
in a composition.
 Each part of the composition works with
other parts of the composition to appear
equal and harmonious in balance.
5. CONTRAST
 Refers to the arrangement of opposite
elements and effects.
 Can be used to create variety, visual
interest, and drama in an artwork.
6. MOVEMENT
 Can be thought in two-ways.
 1st refers to how an artist depicts
movement using the elements and
principles of art.
 2nd refers to the visual flow of an artwork,
indicated by the path a viewer’s eye take as
the look at the artwork.
 Lines, edges, shapes, and colors can be
utilized by the artist to point the way
through an artwork as a map for our eyes to
follow.
7. PROPORTION
 The size relationship between the various
parts of an artwork.
 Artists can use scale and proportion to
create sensations such as depth, realism,
disorientation, and drama.
8. UNITY
 Also known as harmony
 Refers to the cohesiveness of an artwork,
how whole, consistent, and complete it
appears.
 The pleasing combination of elements to
create harmonious composition.
 Achieved through
o Repetition
o Simplicity
o Harmony
o Contrast
o Theme and Variation
o Proximity
o Continuity
9. VARIETY
 Refers to the elements of a composition that
differ from one another
 Creates visual interest and energy
 Achieved through
o Variety Color
o Variety Shapes
o Variety Lines
o Variety Size
o Variety Perspective
o Variety Texture