Course Outline: ASY 2021, online class.

LABOR STANDARDS LAW – Atty. Bernabe L. Figueroa II

A. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES

1. Fundamental Concepts
a. Concept of Labor.
Case: Capitol Medical Center vs. Meris, 470 S 125
Garcia vs. PAL, Jan. 20, 2009
Calalang vs. Williams
b. Definition of Labor Law.
i. Elements of Labor Law:
ii. Relationships and Distinctions
Case: BBGM vs. Dela Serna, 312 S 22
Maternity Children’s hospital vs. SOLE, June 30, 1999

2. Social Law.
a. Comparison of Labor and Social Laws.

3. Sources of Power to Enact Labor Laws

4. Rationale of Labor Laws

a. Article 1700, New Civil Code
Cases: Brewmaster International, Inc. vs. NAFLU, 271 S 275
Mabesa vs. NLRC, 271 S 670
PI Mftg, Inc. vs. PI Mftg. Supervisors and Foremen Asso., Feb. 4, 2008
Tirazona vs. PETS, Jan. 20, 2009
Fuentes vs. NLRC, 266 S 24
Capili vs. NLRC, 270 S 488
Jamer vs. NLRC, 278 S 632
Gandara Mill Supply vs. NLRC, 300 S 702

5. Labor Code
a. Article 3
b. Article 4
c. Article 166
d. Article 211
e. Article 212
f. Article 255
g. Article 277

B. LABOR POLICIES AND RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION

1. Significance of the 1987 Constitution to Labor Law.

a. New Constitutional Policies concerning Labor
i. Art. II, Sec. 18; (9, 10, 11, 13, 20)
ii. Art. II, Sec. 12;
iii. Art. II, Sec. 14. (1, 2, 3)

b. Restatement of other Constitutional Policies.

i. Art. XIII, Sec. 3.

c. Constitutional Rights of Labor:

i. Individual Rights of workers:

(a) Right of Due Process, Art. III, Sec. 1 –

Cases: PMPWA vs. Premier Productions, 92 P 843;
Callanta vs. Carnation Phil, 145 S 268;
Segismundo vs. NLRC, dec. 13, 1994
 Reta vs. NLRC, may 27, 1994
St. Michael Academy vs. NLRC, july 13, 1998
Wenphil vs. NLRC case
Gonzales vs. NLRC, 313 S 169; Aug. 26, 1999
Serrano vs. NLRC, January 27, 2000
Viernes vs. NLRC, April 4, 2003
The Agabon case, Nov. 17, 2004
SMC vs. Aballa, January 29, 2005
Jaka Fuds vs. NLRC, March 28, 2005
ITC vs. NLRC, March 30, 2006
Cadalin vs. NLRC, Nov. 8, 2008
Perez vs. PTTC, April 17, 2009

(b) Freedom of Expression, Art. III, Sec. 4 –

Cases: Mortera vs. CIR 79 P 345;
De Leon vs. NLU, 100 P 789;
PAFLU vs. Cloribel, 27 S 465;
TUPAS vs. Coscolluela, 140 S 302;
Penalosa vs. Villanueva, 177 S 778;
KMCS vs. Camara Shoes, 111 S 478.

(c) Freedom of Association, Art. III, Sec. 8 –

Cases: Victoriano vs. ERWU, 59 S 54;
Juat vs. CIR, 15 S 395;
Villar vs. Inciong, 121 S 444;
Sauyo vs. Canizares, 211 S 7;
TDLU vs. Tanduay Distillery 149 S 470;
Manila Cordage Co. vs. CIR, 78 S 398; Ex. Order No. 180.

(d) Non-impairment Clause, Art. III, Sec. 10 –

Case: Abe vs. Foster Wheeler Corp. vs. 110 P 198;

(e) Free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies, Art. III, Sec. 11
– R.A. No. 10000.

(f) Right to Speedy Disposition of Cases, Art. III, Sec.16.

(g) Right against Involuntary Servitude, Art. III, Sec. 16(2) –

Cases: De Los Reyes vs, Alojado 16 P 499;
Kaisahan vs. Gotamco Sawmills, 80 P 521;

(h) Rt. to participate in policy/decision making

Case: PAL vs. NLRC 225 SD 301.

ii. Collective Rights of Labor:

(a) Right to Self-Organization, Art. XIII, Sec. 3 – Ex. Order No. 180.

(b) Right to Collective Bargaining Negotiation, Art. XIII, Sec. 3 –

Cases: Republic Savings Bank vs. CIR, 21 S 226,
Ex. Order No. 180.

(c) Right to Peaceful Concerted Activities, Art. XIII, Sec. 3 –

Cases: Garcia vs. KM-SM, Civil Service Law,
MC No. 6 dated April 21, 1987,
SSS Employees Asso. Vs. CA, 175 S 686,
Bangalisan vs. CA, 275 S 619,
NARIC vs. Alvendia, 107 P 404,
AGW vs. Minister of Labor, 124 S 1.

(d) Right to Security of Tenure, Art. XIII, Sec. 3 –

 Cases: Palmeria vs. NLRC, 247 S 57.

(e) Right to Humane Conditions of Work,

Case: ISAE vs. Quisumbing, 333 S

(f) Right to a Living Wage, Art. XIII, Sec. 3,

(g) Right to Participate in Policy and Decision-making, Art. XIII,

Sec. 3, Sec. 22 of RA No. 6715

B. LABOR STANDARDS

1. Employer-Employee Relationship
a. Four-fold Test, cases:
(i) Life Insurance Asso. Co vs. NLRC, 179 S 459
(ii) Singer Sewing Machine Co. vs. NLRC, 193 S 270
(iii) Grefalife Assurance Corp vs. NLRC, 187 S 773
Cosmopolitan Funeral Homes vs. Maalat, 187 S 773
Consulta vs. CA, 453 S 732.
(iv) Megascope General Services vs. NLRC, 274 S 147
Life Insurance Asso. Co vs. NLRC, 287 S 476
Jose Sonza vs. ABS-CBN, Jan. 10, 2003
Martinez vs. NLRC, 272 S 793
Sevilla vs. CA, 160 S 171
Flores vs Nuestro and NLRC, 160 S 328
(v) Eastern Shipping Lines vs. POEA, 160 533
Continental vs. NLRC, 161 S 157

2. Hours of Work
a. Coverage/Exclusions,
Case: UFF vs. Vivar, 205 S 200
Rada vs. NLRC, 205 S 69
b. Normal Hours of Work,
Cases: Cagaman vs. NLRC, 195 S 533,
Nielsen Marine Services vs. NLRC, 264 S 307
(i) Exceptions
(a) Health Personnel,
Case: Ramos vs. CA, 380 S 467
(b) Compressed Work Week

d. Work interruption due to brownouts

e. Meal Break
f. Idle time, waiting time, commuting time, travel time, whether part of hours of
work or not,
Case: Africa vs. MOLE, 170 S 776,
g. Overtime work
(i) Undertime not offset by overtime
(ii) Waiver of overtime pay
h. Night Work, Night Shift Differential
Case: Shell Co vs. NLU, 81 P 315
Naric vs. Workers Union, 105 P 891
i. CBA provision vis-à-vis overtime work

3. Wages –
Case: Cosmopolitan Funeral Homes vs. Maalat, 187 S 108
Songco vs. NLRC 183 S 610
a. “No work no pay” principle
b. Coverage/Exclusions –
Case: Nawasa vs Nawasa Consolidated Union, 11 S 766
Mgg ng PRC vs. PRC, 194 S 608
 PNB vs. PEMA, 115 S 507
PNB vs. Cruz, 180 S 206
PDI vs. NLRC, 241 S 380
Millares vs. NLRC, 305 S 500
c. Elements of Wages: facilities vs. supplements
Cases: Marine Corp. vs. Cebu Seaman’s Association, 7 S 294
Mabeza vs. NLRC, 271 S 670
d. Wages vs. salaries –
Case: Consunji vs. Pucan, 159 S 107
Gaa vs. CA, 140 S 304
e. Circumstances regarding payment of wages
f. Responsibility of payment of wages
Camelcraft corp. vs. NLRC, 186 S 393
PNB vs. Andrada Electric and Engr. Co., 381 S 244
Indino vs. NLRC, 178 S 168
AC Ransom Labor Union vs. Ople, 150 S 498
Del Rosario vs. NLRC, 187 S 777
NAFTU vs. Ople, 143 S 124
Pabalan and Lagdameo vs. NLRC, 184 S 495
Gudez vs. NLRC, 183 S 644
g. Labor Code provisions for wage protection
(i) Added levels of Responsibility
(a) Contracting/subcontracting agreements, DOLE Dept. Order No.
18-02 and 174-17
(b) Prohibitions
(c) Distinctions and implications
Cases: Neri vs. NLRC, 224 S 717
Phil. Bank Comm. vs. NLRC, 146 S 347
Guarin S NLRC, 178 S 267
Filsyn vs. NLRC, June 14, 1996
Bro. Labor Unity Movement vs. Zamora, 147 S 49
Broadway Motors, Inc. vs. NLRC, 169 S 497
Industrial Timber Inc. vs. NLRC, 169 S 841
Tabas vs. California Mfg. Co., 169 S 497
Deferia vs. NRC 194 S 525
SMC vs. NLRC, 206 S 118
Eagle Security Agency vs. NLRC, 172 S 479
(ii) `Other Requirements
h. Non-diminution of benefits
Cases: Nestle Phil vs. NLRC 193 S 504
Davao IPS vs. Abarquez, 220 S 197
Globe Mackay vs. NLRC, 163 S 71
Asis vs. MOLE, 171 S 237
Lexal Lab. vs. CIR, 25 S 668
i. Worker’s preference in case of bankruptcy,
Case: RP vs. Peralta, 150 S 37
DBP vs. NLRC, 183 S 328
Bolinao vs. Padolina, 186 S 368
DBP vs. Santos, 171 S 138
Hautea vs. NLRC, 230 S 119
Pascua vs. CV MC, 12-28-83
CIR vs. NLRC, 238 S 42
Bangko Filipino vs. NLRC, 188 S 700
j. Administrative and Enforcement measures
(i) Visitorial and Enforcement Powers
Cases: Maternity Children’s Hospital vs. Sec. of Labor, 174 S 632
SSK Parts Corp. vs. Camas, 181 S 676
(ii) Recovery of Wages and Simple Money Claims
Cases: SSDIA vs. SOLE, 187 S 358
Servando’s Inc. vs. SOLE, 184 S 664
Aboitiz Shipping Corp. vs. de la Serna, 184 S 851
 Ramirez Industries vs. SOLE, 266 S 111
k. Compromise agreements
Case: Atilano vs. de la Serna, 182 S 886
l. Minimum wage rates
(i) RA No. 6727
Case: ECOP vs. NWPC, 201 S 759
(ii) Mechanics of Fixing of Minimum Wages
Case: Alpha Investigation & Security Agency vs. NLRC, 272 S 653
(iii) Role of CBA in Wage Fixing: Wage Distortions
Case: Eagle Security Agency vs. NLRC, 173 S 479
Meycauayan College vs. Drilon,
Mindanao TBS Inc. vs. Confesor, 272 S 161
NFA vs. Masada Security Agency, 453 S 70
(iv) Exemption
Case: Planas Commercial vs. NLRC, 303 S 49
m. Other-Wage Types Benefits
(i) COLA
Case: Globe Mckay vs. NLRC, 163 S 71
(ii) 13th month pay
Cases: Marcopper Mining Co. vs. Ople, 106 S 75
Osias Academy vs. DOLE, 192 S 612
Davao Fruits Corp. vs. ALU, 225 S 562
Songco vs. de la Serna, 183 S 610
Phil. Fuji Xerox Corp. vs. Trajano, 228 S 329
Phil. Duplicators vs. NLRC, 227 S 747
Phil. Agri & Industial Workers Union vs. NLRC, 247 S 256
Achilles Mftg. Crp. Vs. NLRC, 244 S 750
Universal Con Products vs. NLRC, 153 S 191
Brokenshire Memorial Hosital vs. NLRC, 143 S 564
NFSW vs. Ovejera, 114 S 354
Traders Royal Bank vs. NLRC, 189 S 274
Metro Transit Corp. vs. NLRC, 245 S 767
Marcos vs. NLRC, 248 S 146
(iii) Bonus:
Cases: Protacio vs. Layo Managhayo, March 25, 2009
Lepanto Ceramics vs. LCEA, March 2, 2010
(iv) Wages of Deceased Employees
Cases: Samar Mining Co. vs. WCC, 38 S 337
Emerita vda. De Mendoza vs. De Mendoza, 38 S 337
RP vs. WCC, 13 S 272
(v) Deductions/Discrimination:
Cases: Commando Security Agency vs. NLRC, 211 S 645
Apodaca vs. NLRC, 172 S 442
Genesis TS, Inc. vs. UMMG, April 5, 2010
Producers Bank vs. NLRC 355 S 489
SHS Perforated Materials, Inc. vs. Diaz, Oct. 13, 2010
4. Rest Day
a. Right to weekly rest day
b. Preference of the employee
c. When work on rest day authorized

5. Holidays
a. Right to holiday pay,
Cases: JRC vs. NLRC, 156 S 27
Mgg ng Bandolino s. NLRC, 275 S 633
(i) In case of absences
(ii) In case of temporary cessation of work
(iii) Of teachers, piece workers, seafarers, seasonal workers, etc.
b. Exclusions from coverage

6. Leaves
 a. Service Incentive Leave Pay
(i) Right to service incentive leave
(ii) Exclusions from coverage
Cases: Union of Filipro Employees vs. Vivar, 206 S 200
(iii) Commutable nature of benefit
Cases: Osias Academy vs. DOLE, 192 S 612
Dentech Mftg. Corp. vs. NLRC, 172 S 588
Leiden Fernandez vs. NLRC, 1-28-98
b. Maternity Leave
(i) Coverage
(ii) Conditions to entitlement
(iii) Availment
c. Paternity Leave
(i) Coverage
(ii) Conditions to entitlement
(iii) Availment
d. Parental Leave
(i) Coverage
(ii) Conditions to entitlement
(iii) Availment
e. Leaves for victims of violence against women
(i) Coverage
(ii) Conditions to entitlement
(iii) Availment

7. COLA

8. Service Charges
a. Coverage
b. Exclusion
c. Distribution
d. Integration

9. Women Workers
a. Discrimination (Art. 135, LC)
b. Stipulation against marriage (Art. 136, LC)
c. Prohibited Acts (Art. 137, LC)
d. Classification of certain women workers (Art. 138, LC)
e. Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (RA 7877)

10. Minor Workers (RA 7678, RA 9231)

a. Regulation of working hours of a child
b. Employment of the child in public entertainment
c. Prohibition of employing minors in certain undertakings and in certain
advertisements

11. Employment of Househelpers (RA No. 10152 Kasambahay Law)

a. Definition
b. Benefits accorded househelpers
c. Termination
d. Reliefs for unjust termination
Case: Ems Manpower & Placement Services vs. NLRC, 276 S 117

12. Employment of Homeworkers

a. Definition
b. Rights and benefits accorded homeworkers
c. Conditions for deduction from homewoker’s earnings

13. Apprentices and Learners

a. Distinctions between Learnership and Apprenticeship
Case: Nitto Enterprises vs. NLRC, 248 S 651
14. Handicapped Workers (RA 7277)
a. Definition of “handicapped workers”
b. Rights of disabled workers
c. Prohibitions on discrimination against disable persons
d. Incentives for employers
Case: Bernardo vs. NLRC, 310 S 166

15. Health, Safety and Social Welfare Benefits

C. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

1. The Right to Security of Tenure, its application to:

Cases: Padilla Machine Shop vs. Jaurigus, Feb. 19, 2008
Mitsubishi MBC vs. Simon, April 16, 2008
De Guzman vs. NLRC, 540 S 414
Jansen Pharma vs. Silayro, Feb. 26, 2008
Bighaw vs. TIIC, 550 S 307
Moreno vs. SSL, 550 S 414
a. Regular employment
(i) Reasonable connection rule
(ii) Exceptions:
(a) Project employment
(1) Indicators of project employment
Cases: Cosmos Bottling Co. vs. NLRC, March 29, 1996
Uy vs. NLRC, 261 S 505
ALU-TUCP vs. NLRC, 234 S 678
Palomares vs. NLRC, 277 S 439
Villa vs. NLRC, 284 S 105
PNCC vs. NLRC, 215 S 204
Archbuild Masters & Const., Inc. vs. NLRC, 251 S 483
De Ocampo vs. NLRC, 186 S 360
Pepsi Cola vs. NLU, 81 P 348
Abe vs. Foster Wheeler, 110 P 205
Fernandez vs. NLRC, 230 S 460
Caramol vs. NLRC, 225 S 552
Philipps Semi-conductors vs. NLRC, April 14, 2004
PNCC vs. NLRC, 174 S 191
Inetrnational Pharma, Inc. vs. NLRC, 287 S 213
PBC vs. Reyes, 352 S 316
Abesco vs. Reyes, 487 S 9
(b) Seasonal employment
Cases: Manila Hotel vs. CIR, 9 S 184
UST vs. NLRC, 182 S 371
b. Probationary employment
Cases: Oreta & Co. vs. NLRC, 176 S 218
Escudero vs. Office of the President, 172 S 783
ICMC vs. NLRC & Galang, 169 S 606
Euro-Linea Phil vs. NLRC, 156 S 78
Cebu Royal Plant vs. Dep. Minnister, 153 S 38
Mariwasa vs. Leogardo, 169 S 465
Holiday Inn Manila vs. NLRC, 226 S 419
Central Negros Electric Coop. vs. NLRC, 236 S 108
Buiser vs. Leogardo, 130 S
Manila Hotel Corp. vs. NLRC, 141 S 164
Lopez vs. Javier, 252 S 68
c. Casual employment
Cases: De Leon vs. NLRC, 176 S 615
Kimberly Independent Union vs. Drilon, 185 S 190
Aurora Land Projects Corp. vs. NLRC, 266 S 48
d. Contractual employment
 Cases: Kimberly Independent Union vs. Drilon, 185 S 190
Gu-Miro vs. Adorable, 437 S 162
Ravago vs, Esso Eastern Marine Ltd., March 14, 2005
Pakistan Airlines Corp. vs. Ople, 190 S 90
Brent School vs. Zamora, 181 S 702
Cielo vs. NLRC, 193 S 410
Pure Foods Corp. vs. NLRC, 283 S 133
Miguel vs. NLRC, 162 S 441
Ditan vs. POEA, 191 S 823

2. Termination of Employment
a. Requisites for lawful dismissal
(i) Substantive Due Process
(a) Just Causes
(1) Serious misconduct or willful disobedience
- Requisites
Cases: SMB vs. NLU, 97 P 378
Alma Cosep vs. NLRC, June 16, 1998
Samson vs. NLRC, April 12, 2000
PAAU Corp. vs. NLRC, 331 S 237
Gold City IPS vs. NLRC, 189 S 811
SMC vs. Ubaldo, 218 S 293
Manebo vs. NLRC, 229 S 240
Molato vs. NLRC, 266 S 42
Lagatic vs. NLRC, 285 S 251
GTE Corp. vs. Sanchez, 197 S 452
General Bank vs. CA, 135 S 569
HSBC vs. NLRC, 260 S 49
Castillo vs. CIR, 39 S 77
Sta. Maria vs. Lopez, 37 S 637
Garcia vs. Lejano, 109 P 116
Dosch vs. NLRC, 123 S 296
Stanford Microsystems vs. NLRC, 157 S 410
(2) Gross and habitual neglect of duties
- Requisites
Cases: Caunan vs. Cia. GdT, 56 P 547
Marinduque Irons Mines vs. WCC, 99 P 485
Manila Electric Coop vs. NLRC, 263 S 531
Pepsi vs. NLRC, 272 S 267
National Bookstore vs. CA, Feb. 27, 2002
(3) Fraud or willful breach of trust (loss of trust nd confidence)
- Requisites
Cases: Quezon Electric Coop vs NLRC, 172 S 88
Panday vs. NLRC, 209 S 122
Marina Port Services vs. NLRC, 193 S 420
Mabeza vs. NLRC, 271 S 670
Deles vs. NLRC, 327 S 540
Midtown Ramada vs. NUWHRAIN, 159 S 212
San Antonio vs. NLRC, 250 S 359
Sulpicio Lines, Inc. vs. Gulde, 377 S 525
ATLAS vs. NLRC, 290 S 479
Mapalo vs. NLRC, 233 S 266
Sajona vs. NLRC, 183 S 667
Reynolds Phil. Vs. Eslava, 137 S 205
China City Restaurant vs. NLRC 217 S 443
General Bank vs. CA, 135 S 569
Austria vs. NLRC, 312 S 410
Libres vs. NLRC, 307 S 675
Dole Phil. Vs. NLRC, 623 S 373
Ramoran vs. Jardine, 326 S 208
(4) Commission of Crime
 Case: Gatmaitan vs. Manila Railroad Co., 21 S 171

(5) Abandonment of employment; Elements that must concur

Case: Dagupan Bus Co. vs. NLRC, 191 S 328
Aspalt Cement Pavers Inc. vs. Leogardo, 162 S 541
Trendlin Employees Asso vs. NLRC, 272 S 350
Nazal Trading vs. NLRC, 274 S 350
(6) Analogous grounds;
Case: Engr. Equipmwnt Inc vs NLRC, 133 S 752
Sampang vs. Inciong, 137 S 56
Santos vs. NLRC, 287 S 117
(7) Termination of employment pursuant to a Union Security
Clause
(8) Totality of infractions doctrine

(b) Authorized Causes

(1) Redundancy, Retrenchment and Closure
- Procedural steps required
(2) Requirements for valid retrenchment/redundancy
(3) Criteria in selecting employees for dismissal
(4) Standards to be followed
Cases: Manila Trading Co., vs. PLU, 71 S 124
Wiltshire File Co vs. NLRC, 193 S 665
Almoite vs. Pacific Architects & Engineers, 142 S 623
Asia World Pub House vs. Ople, 151 S 219
Almodiel vs. NLRC, 223 S 341
Central Azucarera vs. NLRC, 251 S 589
A G & P United Rank & File Asso. vs. NLRC, 265 S 159
Colombia DevT Corp. vs. MOLE, 146 S 421
San Pedro Hospital vs. SOLE, 263 S 98
Camara Shoes vs. Kapisanan ng MGGW, 175 S 192
Duay vs. CIR, 122 S 834
Fuentes vs. NLRC, 266 S 24
Revedad vs. NLRC, 248 S 356
RCPI vs NLRC, 210 S 222
Balasbas vs. NLRC, 212 S 803
Somerbille Stainless Steel Corp. vs, NLRC, 287 S 420
Guererro vs. NLRC, 261 S 301
San Miguel Jeepney Service vs. NLRC, 265 S 35
PSBA vs. NLRC, 223 S 305
Tierra International Const. vs. NLRC, 211 S 73
Delacruz vs. NLRC 269 S
Precision Electronics vs. NLRC,178 S 667
Phil. Graphics Arts vs. NLRC, 166 S 118
Dangan vs. NLRC, 127 S 706
CocaCola vs. NLRC, 194 S 592
Catatista vs. NLRC, 247 S 46
Banco Filipino vs. NLRC, 188 S 700
Mindanao TBSInc. Vs. MOLE, 238 S 84
North Davao Mining Corp. vs. NLRC, 254 S 72
When termination is not deemed dismissal:
Cases: Pulp & Paper Corp vs. NLRC, 279 S 408
(c) Disease or illness
(1) Requisites
Case: Cebu Royal Plant vs. Deputy Minister, 153 S 58
Cathay Pacific Airways vs. NLRC, 362 S 316
Serrano vs NLRC 331 S 331

(ii) Procedural Due Process

(a) Procedure to be observed in termination cases
 (b) Guiding Principles in connection with the hearing requirements in
dismissal cases
(c) Cases:
NASECO vs NLRC, 168 S 122
Pepsi Cola vs. NLRC, 210 S 277
MGG Marine Services Inc vs NLRC 259 S 664
Puerto Azul Beach Hotel vs Sisayan, 195 S 126
Azul vs Castro Bartolome, 133 S 271
Marquez vs SOLE, 171 S 338
Artex Dev. Co, vs NLRC, 187 S 611
Maranaw Hotel & Resort Corp. vs NLRC, 244 S 375
Pono vs NLRC, 275 S 611
Navarro III vs Damaso, 246 S 260
Vallende vs NLRC, 248 S 662
San Antonio vs NLRC, 250 S 359
Salaw vs NLRC, 202 S 7
Polymedic General Hospital vs NLRC, 134 S 420
MGG sa Komunikasyon sa Pilipinas vs NLRC, 219 S 561
Ang Tibay vs. CIR, 69 P 635
Megascope General Services vs NLRC, 274 S 147
Samahang MGG sa Bandolino vs NLRC 275 S 633
Ulchuico vs NLRC, 273 S 35
Wallem Maritime Services vs NLRC, 263 S 174
Pacific Maritime Services vs Ranay, 275 S 717
Banana Growers Collective vs NLRC, 276 S 544
Dizon vs NLRC, 180 S 52
Independent Sagay-Escalante Planters vs NLRC, 267 S 218
Meralco vs NLRC, 175 S 277
Villeno vs NLRC, 251 S 494
CCBPI vs NLRC, 172 S 751
Bianan vs NLRC, Feb. 1998
Soco vs Mercantile Corp. od Davao , 148 S 526
Pinero et al vs NLRC, 437 S 112
Wenphil vs NLRC, 170 S 69
NLRC vs Mores, 178 S 198
Grepalife Assurance Corp. vs 187 S 694
Falguera vs Linsangan, 251 S 364

(iii) Reliefs for illegal dismissal

(a) Reinstatement aspect
(b) Immediately executory
(1) Actual reinstatement
(2) Payroll reinstatement
(c) Separation pay in lieu of Reinstatement
(1) Strained Relation rule

(d) Backwages
(1) Components of the amount of backwages

(e) Constructive dismissal

Cases: CJC Trading Inc vs NLRC, 246 S 724
Phil Today Inc vs NLRC, 268 S 202
Concrete Aggregates Corp vs NLRC, 177 S 337
Phil-Japan Active Carbon Corp, vs NLRC, 171 S 164
Lemery Savings & Loan Bank vs NLRC, 205 S 492
Asis vs NLRC, 252 S 379
Ledesma vs NLRC, 246 S 47
Blue Dairy Corp vs. NLRC, 314 S 401
Batungbacal vs Associated Bank, 168 S 600
Araneta University Foundation vs NLRC, 155 S 301
Guatson Int’l T&T vs NLRC, 230 S 815
 Villena vs NLRC, 193 S 686
Sicangco vs NLRC, 235 S 96
Agro-commercial SSA vs NLRC, 175 S 790
Manipon vs NLRC, 239 S 471
Sebuguero vs NLRC, 155 S 124
JRS Corp vs. NLRC, 246 S 445
(f) Preventive Suspension
Cases: Global Inc vs Atienza, 143 S 69
Soriano vs NLRC, 155 S 124
JRS Business Corp vs NLRC, 246 S 445
(g) Quitclaims
(h) Termination of employment by employee
Cases: Phimco Industries Corp vs NLRC, 273 S 286

3. Retirement Pay Law

a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Components of retirement pay
d. Retirement pay under RA 7641 vis-à-vis retirement benefits
under SSS and GSIS laws
Cases: Nestle Phil. Vs. NLRC, 193 S 504
Allied Investigating Bureau vs. Ople, 91 S 265
Ongsiako vs. Gamboa, 86 P 50
Gutierez vs. Cantada, 90 S 1
Oro Enterprises vs. NLRC, 238 S 105
MLQU vs. NLRC, 367 S 488
South Veterans & ines Bureau vs. NLRC,271 S 209
Cabcaban vs. NLRC, 277 S 671
Abe vs. Foster Wheeler Corp, 110 P 198
Antamok Mining Corp. vs. CIF, 70 P 340

D. MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE

1. Right to Return of Investment

Case: Gelmart Industries Phil., Inc. vs. NLRC, Aug. 10, 1989
2. Right to Select Employees
Case: Pampanga Bus Co., Inc. vs. Pambusco Empolyees Inuion, Inc., 83 OG 984
3. Right to Prescribe Rules: Discipline
Cases: China Banking Corp. vs. Borroemo, Oct. 19, 2004
Manila Chauffeurs’ League vs. Bachrach Motor Co., Inc., 40 OG No. 11 159
Associated Watchman and Security Union (PTWO) vs. Lanting, Feb. 29, 1960
SMB Sales Force Union vs. NLRC, 170 S 25
Lagatec vs. NLRC, 285 S 251
4. Transfer or discharge of employees
Cases: Gregorio Araneta Employees Union vs. Roldan, July 20, 1955
Tiong King vs. CIR, Dec. 21, 1951
Fernando vs. Sto. Tomas, 234 S 552
Rubberworld Phil. vs. NLRC, 175 S 150
Petro Phil. vs. NLRC, 143 S 200
Floriza vs. Ongpin, 182 S 692
Gaco vs. NLRC, 230 S 260
5. Productivity standard
6. Grant of Bonus
7. Change of working hours
8. Marital discrimination
9. Post-employment ban
10. Limitations in its exercise
Cases: HSBC vs. NLRC, 260 S 49
Blue Dairy Corp. vs. NLRC, 314 S 401
San Pedro Hospital of Digos vs. SOLE, 263 S 98
HAS vs. NLRC, 262 S 406
E. RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT

1. Recruitment of Local and Migrant Workers

a. Recruitment and placement; defined
Cases: People vs. Turda, 233 S 702
People vs. Panis, 142 S 664
b. POEA
Cases: Rase vs. NLRC, 237 S 523;
Klaveness Maritime Agency vs. Palmos 232 S 448;
Rances vs. NLRC, 246 S 250
c. Illegal Recruitment, Art. 38 (Local), Sec. 6, Migrant Workers Act, RA 8042
(i) License vs. Authority
(ii) Essential elements of illegal recruitment
(iii) Simple illegal recruitment
Cases: Flores vs. People, 211 S 622;
People vs. Manungas, 231 S 1;
People vs. Goce, 247 S 780;
People vs. Corpus, 412 S 479;
Salazar vs. Achacoso, 183 S 145
(iv) Illegal recruitment in large scale
Cases: People vs. Coronacion, 237 S 227;
People vs. Sendon, 228 S 489;
People vs. Comia, 236 S 185
(v) Illegal recruitment as economic sabotage
(vi) Illegal Recruitment vs. Estafa
(vii) Liabilities
(a) local employment agency
(b) foreign employer
i. Theory of imputed knowledge
Cases: Catan vs. NLRC, 160 S 691;
Llobera vs. NLRC, 162 S 788;
Eastern Shipping Lines vs. POEA, 166 S 533;
Management Corp. vs. De la Cruz, 89 S 131;
Del Rosario vs. NLRC, 187 S 777;
Capricorn International Tours vs. CA, 184 S 123;
Stronghold Insrance vs. CA, 205 S 605;
Country Banks Insurance Corps. vs. NLRC, 246 S 360;
JMM Promotions vs. NLRC, 228 S 129;
Feagle Constructions Corps. vs. Gayda, 186 S 589

(viii) Pre-termination of contract of migrant worker

Case: LHDC vs. NLRC, 166 S 605;
Miguel vs. NLRC, 162 S 441;
Royal Crown International vs. NLRC, 179 S 569
d. Direct hiring

2. Regulation and Enforcement

a. Remittance of foreign exchange earnings
b. Prohibited activities
c. Regulatory and visitorial powers of the Labor Secretary
d. Penalties for illegal recruitment
e. Job contracting and Labor-only contracting: DOLE Order nos. 18-02 and 174-17
(i) When is there “job contracting”?
(ii) When is there “labor-only contracting”?
(iii) Conditions that must concur in legitimate job contracting
(iv) Effects of finding that there is labor-only contracting
Cases: PBC vs NLRC, Dec, 19, 19985
PAL vs NLRC, Nov. 9, 1998
SMC vs MAERC Integrated Services, July 10, 2003
Cocacola vs Agito, Feb. 13, 2009
 1st Phil. Industrial Corp. vs Calimba, July 10, 2013
Allin vs Petron Corp., June 9, 2014
Petron vs Caberte, June 15, 2015
Manila Memorial Park Cemetery, Feb. 3, 2016
Alaska Milk Corp. vs Lluz, January 10, 2020

3. RA No. 11058 – OSHS

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Transgressions shall be dealt with severely….