TESTS

END-OF-YEAR TEST 1   UNITS 1–16 things for themselves. The threat of 19

replaced by robots is also a concern for many workers.
20
notwithstanding, it seems clear that a
GRAMMAR new robotic age will be with us soon.

1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar / 20

meaning to the first sentence using the words given.
1 The sheer scale of the refugee problem concerns me. VOCABULARY
What 
2 George hopes to get a scholarship to Harvard 3 Complete each sentence with one word.
University. 1 The journalists were caught up in an
It  conflict between government and rebel forces intent
3 If Sally hadn’t slipped, she may well have won the on killing each other.
race. 2 I’m just going to the shops to buy a few bits and
Had   . Do you want anything?
4 I regret breaking up with Debra. 3 Jim and Moira’s marriage is going through a bit of a
If only  patch. They aren’t talking to each other
5 In the end, we lost the match. at the moment.
We ended up  4 Samantha just into tears when she was
6 Both universities were offering places to applicants told her dog had died.
from abroad. 5 We’re just going round in here. Let’s
Applicants from abroad  stop talking about things and come to a decision.
7 After she had received her award, Penny began to cry. 6 I don’t support this line of research. It’s a
Having  slope leading to unforeseen
8 We posted the news online as soon as we heard it. consequences.
No sooner  7 If you need a to cry on, give Pam a call.
9 Sylvia’s injury didn’t affect her performance at all. She’s very supportive.
In no way  8 John is on leave. His father died and he
10 Senator Clark said that he had never told a lie. needed time off to get over it.
Senator Clark denied  9 Anderson has been from the team
/ 10 following a string of poor performances.
2 Complete the text with one word in each space. 10 She was shocked. She went as white as a
.
A robotic age 11 The newspaper was for libel by the
The world is on the 1 of change, actress.
and breakthroughs in the field of robotics look 12 Too many cooks spoil the  .
2
to lead that change. The place / 12
3
we will, in all 4  , see the 4 Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb
most significant transformation is the workplace. A form of the verbs in the box.
new idea is to design robots that can perform routine
jobs 5 being controlled by a person in end   send   go   sort   butt   freak
a different country. This may seem a strange thing
to do at first glance. Why on earth 6 1 Our region has a lot of changes in recent
you want the operator to be in a different country? years. It’s a more interesting place as a result.
However, imagine 7 a robot cleaner in 2 We should try to our differences.
a big company in Japan, which was 8 Ignoring each other is not the best way to behave.
controlled by an operator in Thailand or Vietnam. 3 If you go on like this, you’ll making
It would create jobs in developing countries, yourself ill. Take a rest.
9
jobs are difficult to find and salaries 4 Paul’s so rude. He’s always other people’s
are low. conversations.
   10 many predict is that it will become 5 The captain was for foul play in the last
possible to rent a robot to do our shopping, visit minute of the match.
an elderly relative, or check out a hotel that we’re 6 Ellie when she saw all the blood. She just
thinking 11 visiting. 12 screamed and screamed.
only would that transform our lives, 13 /6
it would also leave us free time to do what we
really want to do. 14 a possibility was
unthinkable not so long ago, but now it seems
inevitable. Naturally, some may not approve
15
living in a society in 16 we
rely 17
robots so much. 18
they to be given a choice, many would prefer to do

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 TESTS

5 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 3 How is Sarah’s relationship with her producers
1 New buildings have been up described?
everywhere. There is a lot of construction going on. a She ensured her producers were paid appropriately.
a  springing b  showing c  throwing b She insisted on using only the very best materials.
2 Marine life is under from pollution and c She inspired producers to improve their own work
fishing. practices.
a  danger b  peril c  threat d She stuck with the same producers year after year.
3 Every cloud has a silver  . 4 What does Amanda say about fair-trade products in
a  covering b  lining c  lacing the 1970s?
4 She just needs to her fingers and he a They were quite common then but rarely
comes running. purchased.
a  click b  clench c  beat b Sarah Henderson encouraged people to buy them.
5 We’re in danger of failing to the c There were more fair-trade products than there are
deadline. now.
a  lose b  meet c  see d Most ignored Sarah’s call for people to use fair-
6 Both horses and deer have  . trade products .
a  beaks b  claws c  hoofs 5 How did Sarah Henderson get the law changed?
7 to the path or you’ll get lost. a by campaigning for improved women’s rights in
a  Stray b  Stick c  Stay the workplace
8 The rebels began to ground to the b by leading a campaign to increase the amount of
government forces. testing on beauty products
a  miss b  lose c  fail c by refusing to carry out any tests on the products
9 The novel on the relationship between she was selling
Gillian and her ex-husband. d by opposing animal testing on cosmetics and
a  centres b  bases c  revolves getting people to support her
10 Lewis as an independent in the last / 10
election.
a  set b  stood c  lay SPEAKING
11 I don’t know why the girls were  . It
wasn’t at all funny. 7 Talk about one of the following topics.
a  giggling b  mumbling c  muttering • TV programmes, films, books and / or music you
12 She’s easy-going and charming, and very good at remember and reasons why they were culturally
other people at their ease. important
a  showing b  putting c  making • an event in recent history that has had an effect on
/ 12 you
• your experience of your first day at work, school or
LISTENING college
/ 10
6 Listen to the radio interview and choose the best
answer. READING
1 Why is Amanda Fowler researching the life of one of
Britain’s best-known businesswomen? 8a Read the text and decide where each extract should
a for a television documentary about Sarah go. There is one extract you don’t need.
Henderson’s life 1 Having spent millions on trying to solve this problem,
b as part of her research into gender discrimination countries in the developed world have nowhere to go.
in business 2 That said, a failure to police and restrict the use
c to include aspects of Sarah’s career in her book of antibiotics continues to lie at the heart of the
about businesswomen problem.
d to put together a newspaper article about 3 For a century, doctors have been able to make use
inspirational business people of a near miraculous cure-all which has changed
2 By the time she died, what had Sarah Henderson the status of bacterial diseases from that of mass
achieved? murderers to mild nuisances.
a She had founded one of the most successful 4 Used as a way of protecting a patient when their
magazines of the last century. immune system is compromised by chemotherapy
b She had promoted ethical trading practices across or surgical procedure, millions would die if the drugs
the world of business. were to become ineffective.
c She had founded an organisation to campaign for 5 As enemies go, bacteria have proved to be remarkably
human rights. combative, and the all-out offensive waged
d She had started the world’s most successful against them by previous generations of medical
cosmetics business. practitioners has failed.
/4

© National Geographic Learning, a part of Cengage Learning TESTS 259

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8b Read the text again and answer the questions. D

Which paragraph (A–D) Losing the battle against bacteria is unthinkable.
1  describes a current change of approach by doctors? Not only would it mean the return of diseases such
2  explains why bacteria have been able to resist drugs? as tuberculosis, but it would severely compromise
3  mentions more than two current uses of antibiotics? the ability of doctors to treat non-bacterial killers
/6 such as cancer or to carry out routine operations.
The war against bacteria d
Steps need to be taken soon, ranging
A from the internationally proscribed use of drugs
Imagine a future in which the slightest cut to your in some situations, to greater steps to impose
finger might well lead to an untreatable bacterial extremely high levels of hygiene so as to prevent
infection and a lingering death. That is the fear of bacterial disease in the first place. Some campaign
many medical experts currently grappling with the for restricting the supply or raising the price of
approaching nightmare of a time when antibiotics drugs. Increasingly, such steps seem essential,
no longer work. a These days may now but potentially ineffectual. The post-biotic age is
be behind us. Already, there are signs of a coming approaching fast.
catastrophe. In some parts of the world, there are
strains of tuberculosis resistant to all but a couple WRITING
of drugs, and even hospitals in wealthy countries
are rife with hard-to-treat bugs that increasingly 9 Write one of the following.
threaten the lives of elderly or frail patients. • an email inviting a friend from abroad to a cultural
B event in your country, advising him or her on what to
Often described in terms of a war we cannot afford wear, bring, do, eat and / or say
to lose, doctors who were once happy to sanction • an opinion essay about this statement: Zoos are
bombarding their patients’ immune systems with necessary. Discuss.
drugs like penicillin are now having to rethink what • a description of a process with which you are familiar
they routinely do. b Instead of wiping / 10   / 100
out bacteria, the widespread use of antibiotics has
enabled them to adapt and come again. This has led
to a world in which diagnosing antibiotics as a cure
is now restricted in many countries. c
Poor sanitation and over-use of antibiotics has helped
resistance spread in developing countries, and the
fact that anybody can hop on a plane has meant that
new bacterial strains are impossible to restrict to one
country or region.
C
While our species has failed to discover a new class
of antibiotics since the 1980s, bacteria have not let
up in their fight to survive by mutating. Capable of
doubling in population every 20 minutes, and able to
swap bits of their genetic code with other bacteria,
their armoury is spectacular, and their fighting
capacity seemingly irresistible. We were aware of
this from the start. Back in the 1940s, Alexander
Fleming, the man who discovered penicillin, warned
that using the drug inappropriately could lead to
disaster. He feared that practitioners would give
inadequate quantities of the drug, thus battling but
not defeating the bacteria, and allowing it to quickly
mutate and develop resistance. This observation has
proved prescient. There is no doubt that our over-
diagnosis of the miracle drug has contributed to the
survival of our ancient, microscopic enemies.

260 OUTCOMES © National Geographic Learning, a part of Cengage Learning

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