RHAEL DENIELLE P.

SUNIO
12 - Archimedes
General Chemistry 1 - Module 1

Let Us Practice
Activity 1. A. Subshell Electron!
A. Direction: Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum
numbers are found. Write you answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Quantum Number Subshell

1. n = 2, l = 1 2p
2. n = 4, l = 2 4d
3. n = 6, l = 0 6s
4. n = 3, l = 2 3d
5. n = 1, l = 0 1s
6. n = 4, l = 3 4f

Question:
1. How did you arrive in identifying the subshell electrons of the given quantum
number? I found out that the secondary quantum number, ℓ, divides the shells up
into smaller groups of subshells called orbitals. The value of n determines the
possible values for ℓ. For any given shell the number of subshells can be found by ℓ =
n - 1. Each value of ℓ indicates a specific s, p, d, f subshell.

B. Identify the element whose last electron would have the following four quantum
numbers.
1. 3, 1, -1, +1/2 = Aluminum (Al)
2. 4, 3, +3, -1/2 = Lutetium (Lu)
3. 4, 2, +1, +1/2 = Molybdenum (Mo)
4. 2, 1, +1, -1/2 = Neon (Ne)
5. 6, 1, 0, -1/2 = Astatine (At)

B. Let’s Do It!
Direction: Answer the following question/s in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Write the four quantum numbers, symbol and the possible values in the table
below.

Quantum Number Symbol Possible Values

Principal Quantum n The principal quantum
Number number (n) cannot
be zero. The allowed
values of n are therefore
1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.
Azimuthal Quantum ℓ The angular quantum
Number (Angular number (l) can be any
Momentum) integer between 0 and n -
1.
Magnetic Quantum mℓ The magnetic quantum
number (Projection of number (mℓ) can be any
Angular Momentum) integer between -l and +l.
If l = 2, m can be either -2,
-1, 0, +1, or +2.
Spin Quantum Number ms The electron spin
number is dependent of
the value of n, l and ml.
the possible values are
-1/2 and +1/2.

2. Describe the properties of an electron associated with each of the following four
quantum numbers: n, l, ml, and ms.

 Principle Quantum Number (n) - Principle quantum number represent the main
energy level. As the size of an atom increases, n increases which means the
average distance of the electrons from nucleus increases. If the electron is
present in first shell (n=1), it is closest to the nucleus.

 Azimuthal Quantum Number (ℓ) - The Azimuthal quantum numberis another set
of quantum number which describe the unique quantum state of an electron. It
can be defined as. “The quantum number associated with the angular
momentum of an atomic electron.” It is also termed as the orbital angular
momentum quantum number, orbital quantum number or second quantum
number, and is symbolized as ℓ. This number describes the shape of the orbital
and also determines the orbital angular momentum.

 Magnetic quantum number (mℓ) - Magnetic quantum number describes

behaviour of electrons. Under the influence of external magnetic field, the
electrons in a given subshell orient themselves in certain orientations known as
orbitals.

 Spin quantum number (ms) - it describes the spinning of electrons around its own
axis. Since electron can spin in two ways — clockwise and anti-clockwise and
can have only two values +1/2 and -1/2.

3. Name the orbitals described by the following quantum numbers:

a. n = 3, ℓ = 0 - 3s
b. n = 3, ℓ = 1 - 3p
c. n = 3, ℓ = 2 - 3d
d. n = 5, ℓ = 0 - 5s

4. How will you distinguish the element whether it is diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

Support your answer by giving an example.
The magnetic properties of a substance can be determined by examining its
electron configuration: If it has unpaired electrons, then the substance is
paramagnetic and if all electrons are paired, the substance is then diamagnetic. It is
mostly distinguished by the following: paramagnetic materials are attracted by
external magnetic fields whereas diamagnetic materials are repelled. Paramagnetic
materials include aluminium, oxygen, titanium, and iron oxide (FeO). While, the most
common diamagnetic materials examples are Zinc, Copper, Silver, Bismuth, Gold,
Marble, Antimony, Water, NaCl, and more.

Activity 2: Orbitals Value

Direction: Give the possible mℓ values for the following types of orbitals.

Orbitals mℓ values
S 0
P -1, 0, 1
D -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
F -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3

Question:
1. How could this mℓ values help in the atomic orbitals or even in electron
configuration distribution?
It designates the orbital (room) where the electron can be found and it gives the
direction in space that the orbital takes. It also specifies to which orbital within a
subshell the electron is assigned.

Activity 3: I am Permissible?
Direction: Answer the following questions which represents a permissible set of
quantum numbers. (answer “yes” if permissible and “no” if not permissible). Write
your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. 2, 2, +1, -1/2 - No
2. 7, 0, 0, -1/2 - Yes
3. 5, 1, 0, +1/2 - Yes
4. 4, 1, 8, +1/2 - No
5. 6, 3,-2, +1/2 - No

Questions:
1. Differentiate permissible and not permissible in terms of quantum number.
Permissible are the set of quantum numbers that is permitted, while not permissible
are the set of quantum numbers that is not permitted or allowed.

2. How did you know that the given quantum numbers are permissible or not
permissible? Justify your answer.
The three quantum numbers (n, ℓ, and m) that describe an orbital are integers: 0, 1,
2, 3, and so on. The principal quantum number (n) cannot be zero. The allowed
values of n are therefore 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. The angular quantum number (ℓ) can
be any integer between 0 and n - 1.

Let Us Practice More

Activity 4: AS ONE! (Electron Configuration & Magnetic Property)

Directions: Identify whether the element is paramagnetic or diamagnetic based on
their electronic configuration. Write your answer in the separate sheet of paper.

Element Electron Configuration Magnetic

Property
Phosphorus 1s22s22p63s23p3 Diamagnetic
Gold 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d106s1 Diamagnetic
Aluminum 1s22s22p63s23p Paramagnetic
Lead 1s22s2p63s2p6d104s2p6d10f145s2p6d106s2p2 Diamagnetic
Silver 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s1 Diamagnetic
Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2 Paramagnetic
Bismuth 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d106s26p3 Diamagnetic
Tungsten 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d46s2 Paramagnetic
Argon 1s22s22p63s23p6 Diamagnetic
Strontium 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2 Paramagnetic

Questions:
1. Differentiate paramagnetic and diamagnetic property in terms of their values?
The material is Diamagnetic if the value of χ is small and negative, while it is
Paramagnetic if the value of χ is small and positive.

2. What is your basis in determining whether the element is paramagnetic or

diamagnetic? By observing the corresponding electron configuration of an element. If
it has unpaired electrons, it is paramagnetic; while if all electrons are paired, it is
diamagnetic.

3. How electron configuration help in identifying the magnetic property of the

element? The magnetic properties of a substance can be determined by examining
its electron configuration: If it has unpaired electrons, then the substance
is paramagnetic and if all electrons are paired, the substance is then diamagnetic.

Activity 5: Locate Me!

Direction: Answer the given element of electron by giving the four quantum numbers
which describe its location. Write your answer in the separate sheet of paper.
Element in electron Quantum Numbers
1. The 4th electron in carbon 2, 0, 0, -1/2
2. The 25th electron in Hf 3, 2, 2, +1/2
3. The 57th electron in Ho 2, -2, -2, -1/2
4. The 49th electron in Xe 5, 1, 1, +1/2
5. Re #75 3, 2, 0, -1/2
6. Pu #94 5, 3, 1, + 1/2
7. Ni #28 5, 2, 2, +1/2

Question:
1. How does quantum numbers determine the location of the element?
Quantum numbers are important because they can be used to determine the
electron configuration of an atom and the probable location of the atom's electrons.
The magnetic quantum number, mℓ, describes the energy levels in a subshell, and
ms refers to the spin on the electron, which can either be up or down.

Activity 6: Value Me as Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic!

Direction: Answer the following questions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. How many unpaired electrons are found in oxygen atoms?
 The O atom has 2s22p4 as the electron configuration. Therefore, O has 2
unpaired electrons.

2. How many unpaired electrons are found in bromine atoms?

 The Br atom has 4s23d104p5 as the electron configuration. Therefore, Br has 1
unpaired electron.

3. Indicate whether boron atoms are paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

 The B atom has 2s22p1 as the electron configuration. Because it has one
unpaired electron, it is paramagnetic.

4. Indicate whether F- ions are paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

 The F- ion has 2s22p6 has the electron configuration. Because it has no unpaired
electrons, it is diamagnetic.

5. Indicate whether Fe2+ ions are paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

 The Fe2+ ion has 3d6 has the electron configuration. Because it has 4 unpaired
electrons, it is paramagnetic.

Let Us Reflect

Activity 4: I AM AN ELECTRON MAN!

Direction: Try to figure out yourself as ELECTRON. Being an electron, you should
keep track of your location and activity for three days. The quantum numbers give
information about the location of an electron or set of electrons, that could describe
your location in any number of ways (e.g. GPS coordinates, qualitatively describing
your surroundings, google map, etc.). Since you are living within the City of Tagum,
you should specify the exact place you are in. Fill out the table below with the
needed details and answer the questions that follow. The first row serves as an
example.

Electron Name: Rhaelectron Special Skill: Management Skills and Adaptability Skills
Day Time Location Activity
1 5 am New City Hall of Morning jog &
Tagum exercise
1 7 am House (Kitchen) Eat healthy
breakfast
1 12 pm House (Kitchen) Eat healthy lunch
1 1 pm House (Living Read my favorite
room) book
1 4 pm Park Walk with my pet
2 7 am Energy Park Biking
2 9 am Studio Take dance
classes
2 12 pm Restaurant Eat health lunch
3 8 am House (Garden) Water the plants
3 1 pm House (Bedroom) Take a nap
3 4 pm Sports Complex Biking and Jogging
1. What is the importance of understanding the role of quantum numbers in chemistry?
 In Chemistry, the importance of understanding the role of quantum numbers is in order
to specify the shape of an atomic orbital which strongly influences the chemical bonds
and bond angles. Also, understanding quantum numbers can help recognize other
characteristics of atoms, such as ionization energy and the atomic radius.

2. How are GPS (Global Positioning System) and quantum numbers related to each other?
Defend your answer.
 Quantum numbers give information about the location of an electron or set of electrons,
same as the GPS it gives location of a person or a place. They are almost the same the
difference is that the Quantum numbers are used for electrons while GPS are used in
locating a place or person.

3. Why is it important to be mindful of the location in a surroundings or certain area?

 Mindfulness enhances the awareness of self-nature interconnectedness and how our
actions have a direct effect on the environment and ecosystem.