Q2 M1 GENERAL-CHEMISTRY-1 - QUANTUM-NUMBERSlayout-1

Department of Education
National Capital Region

SCH OO LS DIVISIO N OFF ICE
MARIKINA CITY
General Chemistry 1
Second Quarter-Module 1:
Quantum Numbers
Coleen Michelle L. Magalong
City of Good Character

1
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the concepts and ideas in Chemistry. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course.
Learning competencies
1. Use quantum numbers to describe an electron in an atom

(STEM_GC11ESIIa-b-54).
2. Determine the magnetic property of the atom based on its electronic
configuration (STEM_GC11ESIIa-b-57).
3. Draw an orbital diagram to represent the electronic configuration of atoms
(STEM_GC11ESIIa-b-58)
This module is divided into two lessons namely
Lesson 1 – Quantum Numbers

Lesson 2 – Electron Configuration and Magnetic Properties of Atoms
After going through this module, you are expected to

1. explain how the Schrodinger wave equation led to the idea of atomic orbitals;
2. identify energy levels, atomic orbitals and sublevels found in an atom;
3. describe all four quantum numbers and its relationship to one another
a. n - Principal quantum number
b. l - Angular momentum quantum number
c. ml - Magnetic Quantum number
d. ms - magnetic spin quantum number;
4. state and explain Paulis Exclusion Principle;
5. recognize that the electron configuration of an element dictates the element’s
magnetic properties;
6. use the Aufbau principle to determine the electron configuration of an
element;
7. determine the number of unpaired electrons in an atom; and
8. differentiate between paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials.

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What I Know
Read each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which period in the periodic table can you find the element oxygen?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. Which group in the periodic table can you find the element carbon?
A. 1A B. 2A C. 3A D. 4A
3. How many electrons does the element aluminum have?

A. 3 B. 13 C. 14 D. 27
4. He explained that electrons in an atom move in a wave like behavior, which

become an important cornerstone of the quantum theory.
A. Erwin Schrödinger C. Niels Bohr
B. Louis de Broglie D. Wolfgang Pauli
5. He believed that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.
6. Which among the following quantum number tells us the energy level an atom is in?
A. Principal Quantum Number C. Magnetic Quantum Number
B. Angular Quantum Number D. Spin Quantum Number
7. Which among the following quantum number tells us the specific orbital an
atom is in?
8. Which among the following quantum number tells us the shape of the atomic orbital?
9. What region of an atom has the highest probability where an electron can be found?
A. Shells C. Energy level
B. Subshells D. Atomic orbital
2 City of Good Character

10. In the periodic table, principal quantum number (n) is equal to the assigned
______________number of an atom.
A. Mass C. Atomic
B. Period D. Group
11. How many electrons can occupy an s orbital?

A. 2 B. 6 C. 10 D. 14
12. What is the electronic configuration of nitrogen?

A. 2s22p3 C. 1s22s22p3
B. [He]2s22p3 D. both B and C is correct
13. How may unpaired electron can be found in a sulfur atom?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
14. Which among the following is the correct orbital diagram of nitrogen atom?
15. Which among the following is known as an atom with unpaired electrons?
A. Paramagnetic C. Diamagnetic
B. Ferromagnetic D. Both A and B is correct

Lesson 1 Quantum Numbers
What’s In
Electrons are negative (e-) charged particles that hae negligible mass and
revolves around the nucleus at a very high speed. In an ordinary state atom are
electrically neutral, that is the number of electrons which revolve around the
nucleus is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
Niels Bohr’s nuclear model of an atom shows that electrons revolve around
the nucleus at a specific energy level (quantum number) or orbit. Energy levels
(electron shells/orbitals) are regions surrounding the nucleus of an atom where an
electron can be found. Erwin Schrödinger’s quantum mechanical model of an
atom describes the probable location of an electron in an atom. Schrödinger’s used
his wave equation to describe the probability of finding an electron in a certain
position which introduced the concept of sub-energy levels.
Bohr’s and Schrödinger’s work introduced us to the concept of quantum
number. Quantum numbers are numbers that are used to describe and trace the
movement of each electron within an atom. There are four types of quantum
numbers: Principal Quantum Number, Magnetic Quantum Number, Angular
Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number.
What’s New
Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons can share the same
combination of four quantum numbers. Each electron in an atom has a unique set
of quantum numbers.
Table 1.1 Quantum numbers and its possible values
Quantum number Symbol Possible Values
Principal Quantum Number n From 1 to 7
Angular Quantum Number l Between 0 and n- 1
Magnetic quantum number ml - l to + l
Spin Quantum Number ms +1/2
-1/2

Activity 1.1 Values of the four quantum numbers
Complete the table below by writing the missing quantum numbers of the given
energy level.
N l ml ms
1 0 0 +1/2
-1/2
2 0 0
1 +1/2
-1/2
3
1 -1, 0, +1
2 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 +1/2

-1/2
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What Is It
As mentioned, quantum numbers can be used to describe the size, shape, and
orientation in space of the orbital on an atom. Energy levels or Atomic orbital
describes a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding the electron.
Each electron in an atom is described by four different quantum numbers.
Figure 1.1 The four quantum numbers

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Principal Quantum Number (n)
Principal Quantum Number is the energy level (electron shell) where an

electron can be found. It can also tell us the size of an atom. If the value of n is low,
the diameter of the atom is small. Consequently, when the diameter of an atom is
small, the electrons are found nearer to the nucleus (ground state), which means
its energy level is low.
Principal Quantum Number corresponds to the number of periods in the
periodic table. The highest energy level occupied by the heaviest element in the
periodic table is 7, thus n values are positive integers from numbers 1 to 7.
Example: What is the principal quantum number of H and He?

Answer: n = 1
Reason:
1. Hydrogen and Helium electron shell are closest to the nucleus of an atom
2. Hydrogen and Helium is found in period one of the periodic table of elements.
Angular Quantum Number ( l )
The angular quantum number describes the shape of the electron shell.
There are four types of subshells within an electron shell. Each subshell has its
own unique size and shape as shown in figure 1.2 below.
1. Sharp or s subshell
2. Principal or p subshell
3. Diffuse or d subshell
4. Fundamental or f subshell
Figure 1.2 Shapes of orbitals
The value l of gives us a specific s, p, d, f subshell found in each electron

shell. The value of l ranges from 0 to n -1. Given the principal quantum number
we can find the value of l by using this formula, n – 1, where n is the energy level
or shell an electron can be found.

Example. What are the values of l if n = 3? What are its subshells?
Since the value of l ranges from 0 to n -1, the values of l if n= 3 are:
l = 3- 1 = 2 → l = 0, 1, 2
Therefore, If l is 0 = 3s subshell
1 = 3p subshell
2 = 3d subshell
Table 1.2 shows the values of l and the type of s, p, d, f subshell found in
each angular quantum number.
Table 1.2 Values of angular quantum number

l 0 1 2 3 4 5
Subshells s p d f g h
Magnetic Quantum Number (ml)
Magnetic Quantum Number tells us the possible number of orbits found it

each subshell as well as the orientation in space of electrons found in an atom. The
orientation of electrons in space is represented with values ranging from – l to + l
(…-1, 0, +1...). To find the number of orbits found in each subshell we can use the
formula 2l +1.
Eaxmple 1. How many orbits are found in the s subshell?

Note that the value of l in s subshell is 0.
Solution:
2l +1 2 (0) +1 = 1
ml, = 0
This means that there is only 1 orbit found in the s orbital with an
orientation in space of 0.
Eaxmple 2. How many orbits are found in a p subshell?

Note that the value of l in p subshell is 1.
Solution:
2 l +1 2 (1) +1 = 3
ml, = - 1, 0, +1
This means that there are 3 orbits found in p orbital with an
orientation in space of - 1, 0, +1.
Spin Quantum Number (ms)

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Identifies the orientation of the spin of an electron along its orbital. ms is a
half-integer value that is either +1/2 (spin up) or -1/2 (spin down).
Example: What is the orbital diagram of magnesium? (Atomic number = 12)

Since the number of electrons of N = 12, its orbital diagram is as follows.
As shown in the diagram when an electron spins, it creates a magnetic field,

that makes the electron spin in opposite directions. Each orbital can carry two
electrons and they enter an orbital in an orderly manner, +1/2 or spin up enters
first until all orbital are occupied then -1/2 or spin down will enter last.
Example:
1. What is the orbital diagram of nitrogen? (atomic number = 7)
Number of electrons =7
2. What is the orbital diagram of oxygen? (atomic number = 8)

Number of electrons = 8
Notice that the electrons in nitrogen occupy all the empty 2p subshells
instead of pairing up while in oxygen the extra electron paired up with the first
electron in the 2p subshell.
To find the value of ms, you have to take note which spin entered last in the
orbitals, if +1/2 is the last electron then it is said that the ms value of the element
is +1/2 and if - 1/2 is the last electron then it is said that the ms value of the
element is – 1/2.
Example.
1. What is the ms value of nitrogen? Answer = +1/2
2. What is the ms value of oxygen? Answer = -1/2
Referring to the orbital diagram above the last electron of nitrogen that
entered the orbital is a spin up that is why the ms value of nitrogen is +1/2 while in

oxygen the last electron that entered the orbital is a spin down that is why it’s ms
value is -1/2.
What’s More
Activity 1.2 Determining quantum numbers
A. Identify the principal quantum number (n) of the following elements.

Example: Carbon = 2
1. Lithium ______ 2. Sulfur______ 3. Potassium______
B. Identify the principal quantum number (n) and Angular Quantum Number
( l ) of the following oritals.
Example; 3s n = 3, l = 0
1. 3p n = ____, l = __________
2. 4s n = ____, l = __________
3. 5d n = ____, l = __________
C. Identify the magnetic quantum numbers (m l) of the following orbitals.

Example: p = -1, 0, +1
1. s ________ 2. d ________ 3. f ________
D. Identify the spin quantum numbers of the following element.

Example: sodium = +1/2
1. Carbon ________
2. Neon ________
3. Fluorine ________
What I Have Learned

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Activity 1.3
Identify what is being asked in the following questions.

1. These are numbers that are used to describe and trace the
movement of each electron within an atom.
2. It is the value that describes the shape of the electron shell.
3. It identifies the orientation of the spin of an electron along its orbital.
4. It is a value that tells the energy level where an electron can be found.
5. It describes a region of space in which there is a high probability
of finding an electron.
6. These are the symbols used by the four quantum numbers.
7. It is the maximum number of electrons each orbital can hold.
8. These are the possible values of ms.
9. These are the possible values of n.
10.These are the possible values of l.
What I Can Do
Activity 1. 4
A. True or false. Write (+) if the following statement is true or write (0) if the
following statement is false.
1. 1s orbital is shape like a sphere.
2. The maximum number of electrons a p orbital can carry is 10.
3. The maximum number of electron in an orbital is 2.
4. To completely describe the behavior of electrons around an atom
its four quantum numbers must be known.
5. d orbital has 3 possible size and shape.
B. Identify if the following set of quantum numbers is correct or incorrect.

n l ml Number Orbital Number of Correct or
of Name electrons Incorrect.
orbitals
1 0 0 0 1s 2
2 0 1 1 2s 2
1 -1, 0, +1 3 2s 6
3 0 0 1 3s 2
1 -1, 0, +1 3 3p 6
2 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 5 3d 10
4 0 0 1 4s 2

1 -1, 0, +1 3 4p 2
2 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 3 4d 10
3 -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, 7 4d 14
+2, +3
Assessment
Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. How many electrons can a f orbital carry?
A. 2 B. 6 C. 10 D. 14
2. If n = 5, what are the possible values of l?

A. 0,1,2 C. 0,1,2,3,4
B. 0.1.2.3 D. 0,1,2,3,4,5
3. Which of the following elements have the biggest diameter?

A. Be B. Sr C. Ca D. Mg
4. What is the name of the subshell if l = 4?

A. p B. d C. f D. g
5. What is the spin quantum number of phosphorus?

A. +1/2 B. + 1 C. -1/2 D. - 2
Additional Activities
Identify the highest orbital that each of the following elements can enter.
Example: Boron – 2p
1. Al _______ 3. I _______ 5. Pb _______

2. Se _______ 4. Rb _______
Lesson 2 Magnetic Properties of Atoms

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What’s In
Magnetism is used widely in technologies from hard drives to magnetic

resonance, and even in quantum computer designs. All matter can be magnetic
when placed near a magnetic field. Magnetism depends on the movement of
electrons. There are two ways how electron moves, moving in orbit around its
nucleus and spinning around them. This motion of electrons produces a magnetic
field around the electron which defines the direction of the magnetization in a
material.
What’s New
The magnetic properties of a substance can be determined using its electron

configuration. Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom in
an atomic orbital. The elements of the periodic table can be divided into blocks
according to the highest energy levels their electrons can enter.
Fig 2.1 s,p,d,f distribution in the periodic table
Activity 2.1 Identifying the highest energy level of an atom.

Identify the highest possible energy level of the following atoms, you may use the
periodic table of elements as reference. Write if it is s, p, d, or f on the space
provided below.
1. Calcium __________ 6. Mc __________

2. Cobalt __________ 7. Ne __________
3. Bromine __________ 8. Pd __________
4. Carbon __________ 9. K __________
5. Molybdenum __________ 10. He __________
What Is It
As mentioned, all atoms exhibit magnetic properties when placed in an

external magnetic field. The Magnetism of atom/matter can be classified in three
ways.
1. Ferromagnetic;
2. Paramagnetic; and
3. Diamagnetic.
A ferromagnet also known as permanent magnets are the strongest type of

magnet it can produce magnetism even without exposure to a magnetic field.
Paramagnets are substances that are attracted to a magnetic field while
diamagnets are substances that are usually repulsed by a magnetic field.
Relationship between orbitals and diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials
Paramagnetic materials are substances in which their atoms have unpaired

electrons. In our earlier discussion of quantum numbers it was mentioned that the
spin quantum number can either have a value of +1/2(↑) or -1/2(↓), when a
substance has unpaired electrons it can spin in either direction. This allows
paramagnetic atoms to be attracted to magnetic fields.
Diamagnetic materials are substances in which the electrons of their atoms
are all paired. The values of its spin quantum number, +1/2 (↑) and -1/2 (↓) is
cancelled out, which also causes the magnetic fields of the electrons to cancel out;
thus there is no net magnetic moment, and the atom cannot be attracted into a
magnetic field. To identify the magnetic properties of an atom, let us first study the
three guiding rules in writing an electron configuration and orbital diagrams.
1. The Aufbau principle. Electrons fill orbitals starting at the lowest available
energy state before filling up higher states.

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Example.
Electronic configuration of magnesium
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Fig 2.2 Electron configuration mnemonic device
2. Pauli exclusion principle. The number of electrons that can occupy each
orbital is limited. An orbital can only carry two electrons and that they must
have opposing spins. (spin up and spin down).
Example.
Orbital diagram of magnesium
3. Hund’s rule. If multiple orbitals of the same energy are available, the
unoccupied orbitals will be filled before occupied orbitals are reused.
Example.
Comparing orbital diagram of nitrogen and oxygen.
Determining if a substance is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
The steps in determining the magnetism of a given atom are the following.
Step 1. Identify the electron configuration of the given atom.
Step 2. Illustrate the orbital diagram of the given atom.

Step 3. Determine if all valence electrons are paired (diamagnetic) or if some
Valence electrons are unpaired (paramagnetic)
Example
Identify if the following elements are paramagnetic or diamagnetic.
1. Helium (He)
Step 1. Electron configuration of He. (atomic number =2)
Answer: 1s2
 1 refers to the highest energy level occupied by the valence electron of
helium
 Superscript 2 refers to the number of electrons found in each
subshell. The following are the maximum number of electrons found
in each subshell.
1. s subshell = 2 electrons
2. p subshell = 6 electrons
3. d subshell = 10 electrons
4. f subshell = 14 electrons
Step 2. Orbital diagram

Answer:
 One box represents one orbital in a subshell, and each contains a

maximum of 2 electrons. The following are the number of orbital
in each subshells
1. s subshell = 1 orbital
2. p subshell = 3 orbital
3. d subshell = 5 orbital
4. f subshell = 7 orbital
Step 3. Paramagnetic vs diamagnetic.

Answer: Helium is diamagnetic because it has a complete set of electrons in
its subshells.
2. Carbon (C)
Step 1. Electron configuration of C. (atomic number = 6)
Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p2

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 Notice that the number of electrons of p is 2 instead of 6, because
the electron configuration represents the total number of electron
of the atom.
 Since the number of electrons of carbon is 6, the total of all the
superscripts must be also 6. Thus, p2 was used instead of p6.
Step 2. Orbital diagram

Answer:

Answer: Carbon is paramagnetic because it has 2 unpaired electrons.
3. Sodium (Na)
Step 1. Electron configuration of Na. (atomic number = 11)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Step 2. Orbital diagram.

Answer: Carbon is paramagnetic because it has 1 unpaired electrons.
4. Neon (Ne)
a. 1s2 2s2 2p6
b.
c. Diamagnetic
5. Nickel (Ni)
a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
b.
c. Paramagnetic
In the given last example, notice that the electron configuration and orbital
diagram of nickel were already very long. To shorten this there is a shorthand

notation that uses a noble gas to represent the kernel electrons. The noble gas
configuration of an atom has 2 parts.
1. Noble gas symbol. This is the last noble gas in the periodic table before the
given atom.
2. Electron configuration of the remaining electrons.
Example.
Write the noble gas configuration and orbital diagram and identify if the element is
paramagnetic or diamagnetic.
1. Cobalt (atomic number = 27)
a. [Ar] 4s2 3d7
b.
c. Paramagnetic
 The noble gas before cobalt in the periodic table is argon which
has 20 electrons. The electron configuration of argon is 1s2 2s2
2p6 3s2 3p6, that is why the remaining configuration started at 4s2
and 3d7 to complete the 27 electrons of cobalt.
2. Tellurium (atomic number = 52)

a. [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4
b.
c. Paramagnetic
What’s More
Activity 2.2 Electron configuration

A. Write the ground state electron configuration of the following elements.
Example: Calcium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
1. Fluorine ______________________________________
2. Iron ______________________________________
3. Strontium ______________________________________
B. Write the noble gas configuration of the following elements

Example: selenium - [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4

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1. Iodine __________________
2. Barium __________________
3. Bismuth __________________
Activity 2. 3 Magnetic property of atoms
Identify if the following atoms are paramagnetic or diamagnetic. Show your

complete solution.
Example: Cadmium – (Kr] 4d¹⁰5s² Diamagnetic
1. Silver __________________________________________________________
2. Thorium __________________________________________________________
3. Xenon __________________________________________________________
4. Yttrium __________________________________________________________
5. Platinum __________________________________________________________
Activity 2. 3
Identify what is being asked in the following questions. Write your answer on the
space provided before each number.
1. It describes the arrangement of electrons in the energy levels,

subshells, and orbitals of atoms.
2. It states that electrons enter the lowest energy level first before
occupying the next energy level.
3. It states that the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an
orbital is 2.
4. It states that electrons at the same energy level will occupy empty
orbitals first before pairing up with another.
5. What are the three ways in expressing the electron configuration of atoms?
6. How many orbitals are in the p subshell?
7. How many electrons can a d subshell hold?
8. It is the type of magnetism wherein atoms are usually attracted to a
magnetic field.
9. It is the type of magnetism wherein atoms are repelled by a magnetic field.
10. Atoms whose valence electrons exhibit this type of magnetism.

What I Can Do
Activity 2. 4
Identify if the following given element is paramagnetic/ attractive magnetism or

diamagnetic/ repulsive magnetism.
1. Palladium ____________ 4. Plutonium ____________

2. Indium ____________ 5. Antimony ____________
3. Aluminum ____________
Assessment
Read each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the highest orbital can a transition element occupies?
A. s subshell C. d subshell
B. p subshell D. f subshell
2. Which of the following is the correct ground state configuration of titanium?

A. 1s1 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3 C. 1s2 2s2 2p5 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2 D. 1s2 2s3 2p6 3s2 3p5 4s2 3d2
3. Which of the following is the correct noble gas configuration of mercury?

A. [Ar] 4f14 5d10 6s2 C. [He] 4f14 5d10 6s2
B. [Kr] 4f 5d 6s
14 10 2
D. [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
4. Which of the following atomic orbitals is an example of a material that can

attract a magnetic field?
5. Which of the following atomic orbitals is an example of a material that

repulses a magnetic field?

7
Additional Activities
Determine if the following is valid or invalid. If invalid write the rule that is
violated in the given.
1. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 ___________________________
2. [Ra] 3d⁸ 4s² ___________________________
3. .
___________________________
4. 1s 2s 2p 2s 3p
2 2 6 2 6
___________________________
5. Vanadium is paramagnetic. ___________________________
Posttest
Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. In the periodic table, principal quantum number (n) is equal to the assigned
______________number of an atom.
A. Mass B. Period C. Atomic D. Group
2. How many electrons does the element aluminum have?

A. 3 B. 13 C. 14 D. 27
3. Which among the following is the correct orbital diagram of nitrogen atom?
4. Which among the following is known as an atom with unpaired electrons?

A. Paramagnetic C. Diamagnetic
B. Ferromagnetic D. Both A and B is correct
5. Which period in the periodic table can you find the element oxygen?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
6. Which among the following quantum number tells us the shape of the
atomic orbital?
7. What region of an atom has the highest probability where an electron can be found?

A. Shells C. Energy level
B. Subshells D. Atomic orbital
8. Which group in the periodic table can you find the element carbon?
A. 1A B. 2A C. 3A D. 4A
9. He believed that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.
10. Which among the following quantum number tells us the energy level an
atom is in?
11. Which among the following quantum number tells us the specific orbital an
atom is in?
12. He explained that electrons in an atom move in a wave like behavior, which
become an important cornerstone of the quantum theory.
13. How may electrons can occupy an s orbital?

A. 2 B. 6 C. 10 D. 14
14. What is the electronic configuration of nitrogen?

A. 2s22p3 C. 1s22s22p3
B. [He]2s22p3 D. both B and C is correct
15. How may unpaired electron can be found in a sulfur atom?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

1
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electron_Atoms/Quantum_Numbers_for_Atoms

Development Team of the Module
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Department of Education

National Capital Region

Coleen Michelle L. Magalong

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1. Use quantum numbers to describe an electron in an atom

This module is divided into two lessons namely

Lesson 1 – Quantum Numbers

After going through this module, you are expected to

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3. How many electrons does the element aluminum have?

4. He explained that electrons in an atom move in a wave like behavior, which

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11. How many electrons can occupy an s orbital?

12. What is the electronic configuration of nitrogen?

13. How may unpaired electron can be found in a sulfur atom?

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2 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 +1/2

Figure 1.1 The four quantum numbers

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Principal Quantum Number is the energy level (electron shell) where an

Example: What is the principal quantum number of H and He?

Angular Quantum Number ( l )

Figure 1.2 Shapes of orbitals

The value l of gives us a specific s, p, d, f subshell found in each electron

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Table 1.2 Values of angular quantum number

Magnetic Quantum Number (ml)

Magnetic Quantum Number tells us the possible number of orbits found it

Eaxmple 1. How many orbits are found in the s subshell?

Eaxmple 2. How many orbits are found in a p subshell?

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Example: What is the orbital diagram of magnesium? (Atomic number = 12)

As shown in the diagram when an electron spins, it creates a magnetic field,

2. What is the orbital diagram of oxygen? (atomic number = 8)

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A. Identify the principal quantum number (n) of the following elements.

C. Identify the magnetic quantum numbers (m l) of the following orbitals.

D. Identify the spin quantum numbers of the following element.

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Identify what is being asked in the following questions.

B. Identify if the following set of quantum numbers is correct or incorrect.

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2. If n = 5, what are the possible values of l?

3. Which of the following elements have the biggest diameter?

4. What is the name of the subshell if l = 4?

5. What is the spin quantum number of phosphorus?

1. Al _______ 3. I _______ 5. Pb _______

Lesson 2 Magnetic Properties of Atoms

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Magnetism is used widely in technologies from hard drives to magnetic

The magnetic properties of a substance can be determined using its electron

Fig 2.1 s,p,d,f distribution in the periodic table

Activity 2.1 Identifying the highest energy level of an atom.

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1. Calcium __________ 6. Mc __________

As mentioned, all atoms exhibit magnetic properties when placed in an

A ferromagnet also known as permanent magnets are the strongest type of

Relationship between orbitals and diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials

Paramagnetic materials are substances in which their atoms have unpaired

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Fig 2.2 Electron configuration mnemonic device

Determining if a substance is paramagnetic or diamagnetic

1. Al ___ 3. I _ 5. Pb _____

1. Calcium 6. Mc

1. Palladium 4. Plutonium