Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE

LEARNING MODULE
IN
GRADE 11
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
QUARTER 2
SY 2020-2021

Prepared by:

MELBEN L. DEGAMON
Secondary School Teacher – II

Checked and Verified by:

GRACE E. RELLIQUETE
Secondary School Principal III

MAINIT 1 / MAINIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

DISTRICT/ SCHOOL
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lesson Number Title Page

Quarter 2 Module 1 Electronic Structure of Atoms

Table of Contents _____________________ i
Module 1: Electronic Structure of Atoms
Overview _____________________ 1
I. Introduction _____________________ 1
II. Learning Competencies _____________________ 1
Lesson 1: Quantum mechanical description of the atom__ _ _ _ _ _ 2
Activity _____________________ 2
Analysis _____________________ 3
Abstraction _____________________ 5
Application _____________________ 7
Annex
References _____________________ 9
Answers Key _____________________ 10
 Electronic Structure of Atoms

OVERVIEW:

This module was written and designed to help the

learners’ master Quantum numbers. This will also help
them understand the use of quantum numbers to
describe an electron in an atom. The language used in
this module recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
each learner. Its scope allows it to be used in various
learning situations to enrich learners’ learning
experience.
This module contains one lesson:
Lesson: Electronic Structure of Atoms

Content Standard:
 The quantum mechanical description of the atom and its electronic
structure
Performance Standard:
 Illustrate the reactions at the molecular level in any
of the following:
1. enzyme action
2. protein denaturation
3. separation of components in coconut milk
Learning Competencies:
 Use quantum numbers to describe an electron in an atom

1
 LESSON 1. Quantum mechanical description of the atom

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

 Use quantum numbers to describe an electron in an atom

ACTIVITY

Let’s review your prior knowledge in quantum numbers.

1. Which of the following is a possible set of quantum numbers that describes an

electron?

(a) n = 3, ℓ = 2, mℓ = −3, ms = −½ (d) n = 3, ℓ = 1, mℓ = −1, ms = +1⁄2

(b) n = 0, ℓ = 0, mℓ = 0, ms = +1⁄2
(e) n = 4, ℓ = −3, mℓ = −1, ms = +1
(c) n = 4, ℓ = 2, mℓ = −1, ms = 0

2. Give the orbital designation (1s, 2p, 3d, etc.) of electrons with the following
combination of principal and azimuthal quantum numbers.

(a) n = 1, ℓ = 0
(b) n = 2, ℓ = 1
(c) n = 3, ℓ = 2
(d) n = 5, ℓ = 3
(e) n = 6, ℓ = 0
(f) n = 4, ℓ = 2
JOB WELL DONE!!!
 ANALYSIS
Quantum Numbers – What have you already learned?
Write the definition of each term.

Principal quantum number Angular quantum number

Magnetic quantum numbers

Processing Questions:
1. What are the allowed integers of Principal quantum numbers (n)?

2. How will you locate angular number (l) in integer?

3. The magnetic quantum number (m) can be in between of what?

 ABSTRACTION

What is a quantum number?

A quantum number is a value that is used when describing the energy levels
available to atoms and molecules. An electron in an atom or ion has four quantum
numbers to describe its state and yield solutions to the Schrödinger wave equation
for the hydrogen atom. ... ms or s - spin quantum number: describes the spin.

The following are the three different quantum numbers that describe orbital integers.
The principal quantum number (n) describes the size of the orbital. Orbitals for
which n = 2 are larger than those for which n = 1, for example. Because they have
opposite electrical charges, electrons are attracted to the nucleus of the atom.
Energy must therefore be absorbed to excite an electron from an orbital in which the
electron is close to the nucleus (n = 1) into an orbital in which it is further from the
nucleus (n = 2). The principal quantum number therefore indirectly describes the
energy of an orbital.

The angular quantum number (l) describes the shape of the orbital. Orbitals have
shapes that are best described as spherical (l = 0), polar (l = 1), or cloverleaf (l = 2).
They can even take on more complex shapes as the value of the angular quantum
number becomes larger.

There is only one way in which a sphere (l = 0) can be oriented in space. Orbitals
that have polar (l = 1) or cloverleaf (l = 2) shapes, however, can point in different
directions. We therefore need a third quantum number, known as the magnetic
quantum number (m), to describe the orientation in space of a particular orbital. (It
is called the magnetic quantum number because the effect of different orientations of
orbitals was first observed in the presence of a magnetic field.)
 Rules Governing the Allowed Combinations of Quantum Numbers

 The three quantum numbers (n, l, and m) that describe an orbital are integers:
0, 1, 2, 3, and so on.
 The principal quantum number (n) cannot be zero. The allowed values
of n are therefore 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.
 The angular quantum number (l) can be any integer between 0 and n - 1.
If n = 3, for example, l can be 0, 1, or 2.
 The magnetic quantum number (m) can be any integer between -l and +l.
If l = 2, m can be 2, -1, 0, +1, or +2.

Shells and Subshells of Orbitals

Orbitals that have the same value of the principal quantum number form a shell.
Orbitals within a shell are divided into subshells that have the same value of the
angular quantum number. Chemists describe the shell and subshell in which an
orbital belongs with a two-character code such as 2p or 4f. The first character
indicates the shell (n = 2 or n = 4). The second character identifies the subshell. By
convention, the following lowercase letters are used to indicate different subshells.

s: l=0

p: l=1

d: l=2

f: l=3

The third rule limiting allowed combinations of the n, l, and m quantum numbers has
an important consequence. It forces the number of subshells in a shell to be equal to
the principal quantum number for the shell. The n = 3 shell, for example, contains
three subshells: the 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals.