General

Chemistry 2 11
General Chemistry 2 – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 13: Molar Mass Determination via Colligative Property
First Edition, 2020

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General
Chemistry 2 11
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 13
Molar Mass Determination via
Colligative Property
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 2 Self-Learning Module 13 on Molar Mass

Determination via Colligative Property!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 2 Self-Learning Module 13 on Molar Mass

Determination via Colligative Property

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module is developed and designed for Senior High School Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students. This module tackles the
topics about colligative property of solutions.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. explain the concepts behind the process of calculating the molar mass of a
compound from its colligative property data.
2. calculate the molar mass of a compound from its colligative property data.;
and
3. appreciate the essence of knowing the molar mass in determining a
compound.

PRE–TEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following is the correct value of R in osmotic pressure?
𝐿−𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝐽
A. 0.08206 𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
B. 8.314 𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
𝐿−𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝐿−𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑟
C. 0.8206 𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
D. 62.36 𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
2. Which of the following is the correct steps in calculating the molar mass
from the freezing point depression?
A. Molality→ Freezing Point Depression→ Number of moles→ Molar Mass
B. Freezing Point Depression→ Number of moles→ Molality→ Molar Mass
C. Number of moles→ Freezing Point Depression Molality→ Molar Mass
D. Freezing Point Depression→ Molality→ Number of moles → Molar Mass
3. The unit of freezing point depression constant (Kf ) is
𝐾∗𝑘𝑔 𝐾
A. B.
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐾∗𝑘𝑔 𝐾
C. D.
𝑚𝑜𝑙2 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑜𝑙 2
4. 38.7 g of a non-disassociating compound is dissolved into 218.0 g of water.
The freezing point of the solution is measured to be -5.53°C. Calculate the
molar mass of the solute in the solution.
A. 34.7 g/mol B. 59.7 g/mol
C. 11.8 g/mol D. 25.3 g/mol
5. In the equation m=ΔTf / Kf, the term “m” stands for what concentration
unit?
A. Molarity B. Molality
C. Normality D. Parts per Million (ppm)
 RECAP
Let us try to review the concepts about your previous lesson on colligative
property of solutions. Analyze these problems. Write the computations and answer
on a separate sheet of paper. °C
1. A solution contains 20.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 100 g of water.
Determine the freezing point of the solution. (Kf=1.86 °C/m)
Molar mass of C6H12O6 =180.16 g/mol

2. Eugenol (C10H12O2) is known to be found in nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and

nutmeg. What is the boiling point of a solution containing 0.144 g of this
compound dissolved in 10.0 g of benzene? (Kb= 2.53 °C/m), Bpt(benzene)=
80.10 °C and Molar mass of C10H12O2= 164.2 g/mol

LESSON

Did you know that colligative properties of non-electrolyte solutions could be

utilized in order to determine the molar mass of a solute? Let us discuss how do we
compute for the molar mass of a solute given the respective colligative data.

Determining Molar Mass from Boiling Point Elevation

Sample Problem: A prepared solution consists of 1.25 g of methyl salicylate (C8H8O3)

in 99.0 g of benzene (C6H6) has a boiling point of 80.31 °C. Determine the molar mass
of methyl salicylate in the solution.

Strategy:
Let us recall that molar mass is just a quotient of the mass of a sample (g) and the
amount of substance (mol) of the sample. Recall the formula below:
µ= molar mass (g/mol) n= mole of substance (mol) m= mass of substance (g)
𝒎
𝐧=
µ
Rearranging the equation for it to come up with the formula for molar mass, it will
be:
𝒎
µ=
𝒏
In this problem, we know the mass of the sample but we do not know the moles of
the solute.
(a) Our next step is to determine ∆Tbp considering the given boiling point of the
solution. Take note that the boiling point of the solvent (benzene) = 80.10 °C. Use the
equation ∆Tbp = Kbp x m to calculate the solution concentration in molality (mol/kg).
Take note Kbp (boiling point elevation constant) of the solvent, in this case for
benzene, Kbp = 2.53 ℃⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙
(b) Recall that based on the problem above, we know the mass of the solvent in kg
therefore we could calculate the amount of solute.
(c) Knowing the mass (g) and amount of solute (mole), we can obtain the molar mass
𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑔)
of the solute. molar mass ( )=
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 (𝑚𝑜𝑙)

boilng point number of

molality molar mass
elevation moles

Solution:
(a) Obtain the concentration of the solution via computing the boiling point elevation
Boiling point elevation (∆Tbp)= 80.31°C − 80.10 °C = 0.21℃
∆T𝑏𝑝 0.21℃
msolute = = = 0.083 𝑚
𝐾𝑏 2.53 ℃⁄𝑚

(b) Calculate the amount of solute (mol) present in the solution from the obtained
concentration of solution.
0.083 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Amount of solute= ( 1.00 𝑘𝑔
)× (0.099 𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 ) = 0.0082 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒

(c) Lastly compute for the molar mass of the solute with the computed amount of
solute and the given mass of the solute.
1.25 𝑔
= 150 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
0.0082 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Therefore, the computed molar mass of methyl salicylate (C8H8O3) based on the
boiling point elevation is 150 g/mol

Determining Molar Mass from Freezing Point Depression

Sample Problem: A 7.85 g unknown sample of a compound is dissolved in 301 g of

benzene. The freezing point of the solution is 1.05 °C below that of pure benzene
(C6H6). Determine the molar mass of the unknown compound present in the solution.

Strategy:
Again our agenda is to calculate the molar mass of the unknown solute based on the
given information from the problem. We could solve this problem via following two
steps:
(a) We need to calculate first the molality of the solution from the given information
about the observed depression in freezing point.

(b) From the computed molality, we need to determine the number of moles in 7.85
g of the compound thus computing the molar mass.

Let us try to follow the series of steps to calculate the molar mass in the problem.

freezing point number of

molality molar mass
depression moles
Solution:
(a) Calculate the molality of the solution using the relationship of ∆Tf and Kf (freezing
point depression constant)
∆T𝑓 1.05 ℃
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = 0.205 𝑚
𝐾𝑓 5.12 ℃/𝑚
(b) Next step is to determine the moles of solute by multiplying the computed
molality from the mass of solvent in kilograms.
0.205 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑛) = ( )× (0.301 𝑘𝑔) = 0.0617 mol
1 𝑘𝑔
With the computed moles of solute, we proceed in calculating the molar mass by
dividing the mass of solute with the moles of solute.
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑔) 7.85 𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(µ) = = = 𝟏𝟐𝟕 𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑚𝑜𝑙) 0.0617 𝑚𝑜𝑙

Determining Molar Mass from Osmotic Pressure

Sample Problem: A solution is prepared by dissolving 35.0 g of an unknown

compound in enough water to make up 1 L in volume. Determine the of the molar
mass of the unknown solute if the osmotic pressure of the resulting solution is 10.0
mmHg at 25 °C.

Strategy:
Again, our still concern is to calculate the molar mass of the unknown solute. From
the given osmotic pressure, we proceed on calculating the concentration of the
solution in molarity.
From the calculated concentration, we proceed on calculating the number of moles
of the unknown compound and hence calculating its molar mass.
But before proceeding on the calculations, we need to make sure that we are utilizing
𝐿 ×𝑎𝑡𝑚
values that are in the right unit with respect with units present in R ( 𝑚𝑜𝑙 × 𝐾).
Let us follow the sequence of conversions below:

osmotic number of
molarity molar mass
pressure moles

Solution:
𝜋 = 𝑀𝑅𝑇

1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝜋 10.0 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 × 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑀= = = 5.38 × 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝑅𝑇 0.08206 𝐿 − 𝑎𝑡𝑚 × (25 + 273.15)𝐾
𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
Since the total volume of the solution is in terms of L therefore it contains 5.36x10 -4
mole of the unknown solute. Let us utilize this quantity to calculate the molar mass:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑛𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 =
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(µ) 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
Rearranging the equation, we have the following equation:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 35.0 𝑔
µ𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 = = = 6.51 × 104 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 5.38 × 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Directions: Match the following terms on their respective symbol.

1. Freezing point depression constant a. M
2. Molarity b. μ
c. Kb
3. Boiling point elevation constant
d. Kf
4. Molality e. m
5. Osmotic Pressure f. Π
6. Molar Mass

Activity 2. Directions: Perform the needed calculations for the following problems
and supply the missing answer on the table below. Show your complete calculations
in a clean sheet of paper.
1. A solution of 100.8 g of a non- dissociating solute in 135.0 g of water has a freezing
point of -5.16 °C. What is the molar mass of the solute? Freezing point of water= 0
°C Kf=1.86 °C/m
2. A solution of 1.51 g of a non-dissociating solute in 250.0 g of water is observed
to boil at 124.3 °C. Calculate the molar mass of the solute? Boiling point of
water=100 °C Kb=0.51 °C/m
3. Determine the molar mass of a non- dissociating if 20.0 g dissolved in 100.0 mL
of solution to give a resulting osmotic pressure of 6.48 atm at 25 °C.
Activity 3. Directions: Perform the needed calculations for the following problems
and supply the missing answer on the table below. Show your complete
calculations in a clean sheet of paper.
1. Camphor (C10H16O2) freezes at 175 °C, and it has a particularly large freezing-
point-depression constant, Kf = 40.0 °C/m. When 0.086 g of an organic substance
of unknown molar mass is dissolved in 22.01 g of liquid camphor, the freezing
point of the mixture is found to be 1.7 °C below of pure camphor. What is the molar
mass of the solute?
2. You add 0.25 g of an unknown solute to 11.1 g of benzene. The boiling point of
the benzene rises from 80.10 °C to 80.46 °C. What is the molar mass of the
compound? Kb=2.53 °C /m
3. A solution of an unknown non-dissociating solute was prepared by dissolving
0.300 g of the substance in 40.0 g of CCl4. The boiling point of the solution was
0.357 °C higher than that of the pure solvent. Calculate the molar mass of the
solute. Kb=5.02 °C/m
 WRAP–UP

Directions: Summarize the steps in determining the molar mass of an unknown

solute from the different colligative property below by supplying the missing terms.

A. Freezing Point Elevation

____ ____ ____ ____

B. Boiling Point Elevation

____ ____ ____ ____

C. Osmotic Pressure

____ ____ ____ ____

VALUING

In a clean sheet of paper, determine the importance of identifying the molar

mass of a particular unknown solute in a solution and think of any practical
application of this concept on our daily life.

POST TEST

1. A solution made by dissolving 9.81 g of a nonvolatile nonelectrolyte in 90.0 g

of water boiled at 100.37 °C at 760 mm Hg. What is the approximate molecular
weight of the substance? (For water, Kb = 0.51 °C/m)
A. 150 g/mol B. 199 g/mol
C. 185 g/mol D. 250 g/mol
2. The unit of boiling point elevation constant (Kb ) is
𝐾 𝐾
A. 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑜𝑙 B. 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚𝑜𝑙2
𝐾∗𝑘𝑔 𝐾∗𝑘𝑔
C. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 D. 𝑚𝑜𝑙2
3. Beta-carotene is usually found in carrots and spinach. Determine the molar
mass of β-carotene if 10.0 mL of a solution in chloroform containing 0.00768
g of β-carotene has an osmotic pressure of 26.57 mm Hg at 25.0 °C
(1 atm= 760 mmHg) (K= °C + 273.15)
A. 538 g/mol B. 673 g/mol
C. 724 g/mol D. 882 g/mol
4. The formula for determining the osmotic pressure is 𝜋 = 𝑀𝑅𝑇. What is the
unit of M in the equation?
A. mol/kg B. mol/mg
C. mol/L D. mol/mL
5. Which of the following is the correct steps in calculating the molar mass
from the freezing point depression?
A. Osmotic Pressure → Molality → Moles → Molar Mass
B. Osmotic Pressure → Molarity → Moles → Molar Mass
C. Osmotic Pressure → Moles → Molarity → Molar Mass
D. Osmotic Pressure → Moles → Molality → Molar Mass

KEY TO CORRECTION
 REFERENCES

Brown, Theodore L, H. Eugene LeMay Jr., Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy,

Patrick M. Woodward, and Matthew Stolfzus. 2015. CHEMISTRY: The Central
Science. 13th. New Jersey: Pearson.
Chang, Raymond. 2005. Chemistry. 8th. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill
Companies.
Kotz, John C., Paul M. Treichel, and John R. Townsend. 2012. CHEMISTRY &
Chemical Reactivity. 8th. Belmont: Cengage Learning.